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I LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, g 

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$ -UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 






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ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED 



jgrotHsf jRih 

OF 

FREEMASOE"EY. 



m\t Constitutions and feplattons of 1762. 

Statutes and Regulations of Perfection, and other 

Degrees. 

$>ra fnstttuta j&tcreta et Jftmbamenta (Drtrittis of 1786. 



^eci^et Constitutions of the 33D Degree, 

WITH THE 

STATUTES OF 1859, 1866, 1868, 1870 and 1872, 



THE SUPREME COUNCIL FOR THE SOUTHERN JURISDICTION. 



COMPILED BY 

AL B E R T 7 P I K E, 

SOVEREIGN GRAND COMMANDER OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL OF THE 33d DEGREE FOR 
THE SOUTHERN JURISDICTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



NEW YORK: 
MASONIC PUBLISHING COMPANY 

No. 626 BROADWAY. 

A. M. 5632. f L. 




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PREFATORY. 

N the year 1859, the Sovereign Grand Com^- 
mander of the Supreme Council for the Southern 
Jurisdiction of the United States prepared, and 
gave to Bro.\ Robert Macoy, who published it on his 
own account, an edition of the Grand Constitutions of 1762, 
and the Statutes, Institutes and Regulations of the Rite of 
Perfection subsequent thereto, and of the Latin Grand 
Constitutions of 1786, and the Statutes of the Supreme 
Council for the Southern Jurisdiction. In this work, these, 
with additions, are published by that Supreme Council. 

Thory, {Acta Latomorum, i. 79,) says: *' 1762, 21 Septem- 
ber. — Committees from the Council of Emperors of the 
East and West at Paris, and the Council of Princes of the 
Royal Secret, framed, at Bordeaux, the Regulations of the 
Masonry of Perfection, in thirty five Articles, and fixed the 
degrees administered by the Council." All the other 
French writers of Masonic History state the same, with 
little or no additional information. 

Copies of these Constitutions and Regulations of 1762, 
and of the subsequent Statutes, Institutes and Regulations, 
of unknown date and uncertain authenticity, which follow 
the Constitutions in this volume, were published in French, 

(5) 



5 PREFATORY. 

at Paris, in the " Recueil des Actes du Supreme Conseil de 
France" in 1832, by authority of that body. 

In the Archives of the Supreme Council for the. Southern 
Jurisdiction, at Charleston, is a book, in manuscript, writ- 
ten by the Bro.\ Jean Baptiste Marie Delahogue, father-in- 
law of the Bro.\ Comte Alexandre Francois Auguste de 
Grasse, in 1798 and 1799; containing- among other docu- 
ments, a copy of the Constitutions of 1762, and of other Stat- 
utes and Regulations ; all authenticated by his signature 
and that of the Bro.\ Comte de Grasse ; and under the 
Seal of the Sublime Grand Council of the Princes 
of the Royal Secret, then in existence and sitting at 
Charleston. 

The Comte de Grasse was a member of the Supreme 
Council at Charleston, and its Grand Representative for 
the French West Indian Islands, where he established a 
Supreme Council, at Port-au-Prince, in 1803, and thence 
went to France, and there in 1804 established the Supreme 
Council of France. The Bro.\ Delahogue was commis- 
sioned by the Supreme Council for the United States at 
Charleston to extend the Ancient and Accepted Scottish 
Rite in Louisiana, went to Santo Domingo with the Bro.*. 
de Grasse, was Lieut.*. Gr.\ Commander of the Council 
established there ; and accompanied him to France, and 
held the same office in the Supreme Council of France. 

There is also in the same Archives another book, being 
the register delivered by the Bro.'. Jean Baptiste Aveilhe' y 
Deputy Grand Inspector-General and Prince Mason, to 
the Bro.'. Pierre Dupont Delorme, Deputy Gr.\ Insp.\ Gen- 
eral and Prince Mason, at Port-au-Prince, on the 10th of 
December, 1797, containing the same and other docu- 



PREFATORY. 7 

ments. In this book, there is attached to the copy of each 
document a copy of a certificate that it is a correct copy, 
of the Bros.*. Hyman Isaac Long, Jean Baptiste Marie Dela- 
hogue, August e de Grasse, Dominique Saitit Paul, Alexis Claude 
Robin and Remy Victor Petit, Dep'y-*- Insps.*. General and 
Princes Masons, given at Charleston, on the 9th of June, 
1799; with the certificate of the Bro.\ Aveilhe, dated 10th 
December, 1797; and each is vise by the Bro.\ de Grasse, 
as Sow. Gr.\ Insp.*. General, 33d degree, on the 12th of 
March, 1802. 

In the copies in this latter book are many obvious er- 
rors ; but in substance they agree with those more accu- 
rately made by the Bro.\ Delahogue. The copies in the 
Recueil des Actes differ in many respects from both. 
Some of the variations are evidently caused by alterations 
purposely made, of later date. 

The copy by the Bro.\ Delahogue purports to be a copy 
of a copy delivered in 1768 by the Bro.\ Stephen Morin to 
the Bro.\ Henry A. Francken ; and is evidently the most 
authentic. That in the Recueil des Actes was undoubtedly 
furnished from Charleston, and is not in any way authen- 
ticated. 

We here publish these Constitutions, with the subsequent 
Institutes, Statutes and Regulations, according to the 
Bro.\ Delahogue's copy, even in which there are some 
obvious mistakes, which it is not in my power to correct. 
Even errors in grammar I have left uncorrected, my object 
being to give a literal copy of each document, preserving 
even the faulty or antique orthography, from the old man- 
uscripts in the Archives at Charleston. 

I have also carefully scrutinized and corrected the trans- 



8 PREFATORY. 

lation into English, and venture to hope that learned 
readers will find it correct. 

To these are appended the " Ordinances of the Chapter" 
of Rose Croix, from the old MSS. mentioned in the caption. 

These are followed by a Historical Inquiry in regard to 
the authenticity of the Latin Constitutions of 1786; and 
this by the Constitutions themselves, with translations into 
French and English. The French translation is that pub- 
lished in 1859, and as then made by the 111.*. Bro.\ Charles 
Laffon de Ladebat, 33d, of Louisiana, Active Member of 
the Supreme Council. I have carefully re-translated them 
into English, correcting some errors of the original trans- 
lation, and making the re-translation more close and literal. 

These are followed by the French imperfect version of 
the same, with preface and translation. 

Then follow what have been known as " The Secret Con- 
stitutions," in French, with a translation, and after these 
the Statutes of the Supreme Council for the Southern 
Jurisdiction and its rolls of membership of different years. 

Containing the only complete body of the law of the 
Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, that has ever been 
published, it is hoped that this book may be approved by 
the Brethren of the Order. 

It is published by authority of the Supreme Council ; 
and, to be used and enforced, needs no further authentica- 
tion. 

Albert Pike, 33d. 

Sov.\ Gr/ Com.*. 
Or.-, ott Washington, D. (X, 
25 -^, A.-. M.\ 5632. 



<&onstitntton0 of 17G2 



CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS 

REDIGES 

PAR NEUF COMMISSAIKES NOMMES AD HOC, 

PAR 

LE SOCVERAM GRAND GONSEIL SUBLIME 

DES 

SUBLIMES PRINCES DU ROYAL SECRET, Etc., Etc., Etc. 
ORIENTS DE PARIS ET BERLIN. 




DESTITUTIONS et Reglemens rediges par neuf Commissaires 
nommes par le Grand C'onseil dcs Souverains Princes du Royal 
Secret, aux Grands Orients de Paris et Berlin, en vertu de la de- 
liberation du 5e jour de la Se semaine, de la le Lune de I'Ere He- 
braique, 5562, et de VEre Chretienne, 1762. Pour etre ratifies et 
es par les Grands Gonseils des Sublimes Chevaliers et Princes de la Ma?on- 
nerie, ainsi que par les Conseils particuliers et Grands Inspecteurs regulurement 
constitues sur les deux Hemispheres.* 

Il est connu que toutes les societes ont regus des grands 
bienfaits par les travaux constants des Sublimes Chevaliers 
et Princes de la Magonnerie ; il ne peut consequemment 

* Dans la copie du Fr.\ Aveilhe, le document jusqu'a l'asterisque se lit 
comme suit : 

Reglemens et Constitutions 
Faits par les neuf Commissaires, nommes par le Souverain Grand Conseil des 
Sublimes Chevaliers du Royal Secret et Princes de la Magonnerie. 

Au Grand Orient de Bordeaux, en consequence de la deliberation du 5e 
jour de la 3c semaine, de la ye lune de l'Ere Hebra'ique, 5562, ou de l'Ere 
Chretienne, 1762, pour etre observes et ratifies par ledit Souverain Grand Con- 
seil des Sublimes Chevaliers du Royal Secret, Princes de la Ma onnerie, et 
par tous les Conseils particuliers regulilrement constitues sur les deux Hem- 
ispheres ; transmis a notre fr^re Etienne Morin, Grand Inspecteur de toutes 
les Loges dans le Nouveau-Monde. 
(10) 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS 

DRAWN UP 

BY NINE COMMISSIONERS APPOINTED AD HOC, 

BY THE 

SOVEREIGN GRAND SUBLIME COUNCIL 

OF THE 

SUBLIME PRINCES OF THE ROYAL SECRET, Etc., Etc., Etc. 

ORIENTS OF PARIS AND BERLIN. 




jONSTITUTIONS and Regulations drawn up by nine Commis- 
sioners appointed by the Grand Council of the Sovereign Princes 
of the Royal Secret, at the Grand Orients of Paris and Berlin, by 
virtue of the resolution of the 5th day of the 3d week of the seventh 
Month of the Hebrew Era, 5562, and of the Christian Era, 1762. 
To be ratified and observed by the Grand Councils of the Sublime Knights and 
Princes of Masonry, as well as by the particular Councils and Grand Inspectors 
regularly constituted in the two Hemispheres* 

It is known that all the associations have been greatly 
benefited by the assiduous labors of the Sublime Knights 
and Princes of Masonry ; and therefore too much precau- 

* In Aveilh&s copy, the document, to the asterisk, reads thus : 

Regulations and Constitutions 
Made by the Nine Commissioners appointed by the Sovereign Grand Council 
of the Sublime Knights of the Royal Secret and Princes of Masonry. 

At the Grand Orient of Bordeaux, in consequence of the resolution of 
the 5th day of the 3d week of the 7th Month, of the Hebrew Era, 5562, or of 
the Christian Era, 1762, to be observed and ratified by the said Sovereign 
Grand Council of the Sublime Knights of the Royal Secret, Princes of Ma- 
sonry, and by all the particular Councils regularly constituted over the two 
Hemispheres ; transmitted to our Bro.*. Stephen Morin, Grand Inspector of 
all the Lodges in the New World. 

(11) 



12 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

etre pris trop de pr6caution et de soins pour soutenir sa 
dignite, perpetuer ses bonnes maximes, et les preserver des 
abus qui peuvent s'y introduire. 

Quoique cet Ordre Royal et Sublime se soit toujours 
soutenu avec gloire et applaudissements, par la sagesse et 
la prudence de ses Constitutions Secretes, aussi anciennes 
que le monde, la depravation du siecle present a rendu 
necessaire et convenable d'y faire des reformes convenables 
et conformes aux temps ou nous vivons. 

La maniere de vivre de nos premiers Patriarches qui 
avaient ete naturalises et eleves dans le sein de la Perfec- 
tion, presente un tableau bien different des mceurs actuelles. 
Dans ces temps heureux, la Purete, Tlnnocence et la Can- 
deur guidaient naturellement le cceur vers la Justice et la 
Perfection ; mais la depravation des mceurs, occasionee par 
les dereglements du cceur et de l'esprit, ayant, par succes- 
sion des temps detruite toutes les vertus ; Tlnnocence et la 
Candeur qui en sont la base, ont insensiblement disparues, 
et laissees 1'espece humaine abandoniiee aux horreurs de la 
misere, de l'injustice et de l'imperfection. 

Cependant ce vice n'a pas ete general parmi nos Ven6ra- 
bles Patriarches ; nos premiers Chevaliers ont echappes a 
la multitude des ecueils qui les menagaient du naufrage ; 
ils se sont maintenus dans cet heureux etat d'innocence, de 
justice et de perfection qu'ils ont heureusement transmis 
d'age en age a. leur posterite, en ne revelant les sacres mys- 
teres qu'a ceux qu'ils en jugeaient dignes, et auxquels 
l'Eternel nous a permis de participer. 

En consequence, pour nous maintenir, ainsi que tous nos 
Sublimes Chevaliers et Princes de la Mac,onnerie Sublime, 
nos Freres, dans cet heureux etat, et de leur avis, il a et6 
arrete, conclu et determine qu'outre les Anciennes et Se- 
cretes Constitutions de l'Ordre auguste des Sublimes 
Princes de la Maconnerie, et pour etre a jamais entiere- 
ment et religieusement observe, que les grades sublimes ne 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 13 

tion and pains cannot be taken to preserve unimpaired its 
dignity, to perpetuate its excellent maxims, and to preserve 
them from those abuses that ever seek to obtain foothold. 

Although this Royal and Sublime Order has always sus- 
tained itself in honor and credit, by the wisdom and pru- 
dence of its Secret Constitutions, as ancient as the world ; 
the depravation of the present age makes it necessary and 
proper to make therein such reformatory alterations as are 
suitable and fitting to the times in which we live. 

The mode of life of our first Patriarchs, who were created 
and reared in the bosom of Perfection, presents a very dif- 
ferent picture from that of our modern manners. In those 
fortunate times, Purity, Innocence and Candour naturally 
led the heart towards Justice and Perfection ; but the de- 
pravation of morals, caused by the irregularities of the 
heart and intellect, have in process of time destroyed all 
the virtues ; Innocence and Candour, which are their basis, 
insensibly disappeared, and left the human race a prey to 
the horrors of misery, injustice and imperfection. 

But, nevertheless, vice did not generally prevail among 
our Venerable Patriarchs ; our first Knights avoided the 
multitude of shoals that threatened them with shipwreck ; 
they maintained themselves in that happy condition of in- 
nocence, justice and perfection which they fortunately 
transmitted to their posterity from age to age, revealing 
the sacred mysteries to those only whom they judged 
worthy ; into which mysteries the Eternal has been pleased 
to allow us to be initiated. 

Consequently, in order to maintain ourselves, as well as 
all our Sublime Knights and Princes of the Sublime Ma- 
sonry, our Brethren, in that happy state and condition, 
and by their advice, it has been resolved, settled and de- 
termined, that, in addition to the Ancient and Secret Con- 
stitutions of the august Order of the Sublime Princes of 
Masonry, and as a rule to be forever punctually and religi- 



14 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

seront jamais communiques aux Macons au-dessous des 
grades de Chevalier (T Orient, de Princes de Jerusalem, Cheva- 
lier d Orient et d Occident, Patriarche Noachite, Chevalier du 
Royal Arche, Prince Adept e, et Commandeur de FAigle blanc et 
noir ; pour, par cette precaution, s'assurer s'ils possedent 
les qualites necessaires pour etre admis auxdits grades su- 
blimes. 

Lesdites Constitutions et Reglemens doivent etre exacte- 
ment executes et observes dans tous les points et articles, 
comme suit: 



ARTICLE I. 

Comme la Religion est un culte necessairement du au 
Dieu Tout-Puissant, nulle personne ne sera initie dans les 
mysteres sacres de cet eminent grade, s'il n'est pas soumis 
aux devoirs de la religion du pays ou il doit indispensable- 
ment en avoir recu les venerables principes ; et que cela 
soit certifie par trois Chevaliers, Princes Macons ; qu'il soit 
ne de parents libres ; qu'il a raene une bonne conduite, 
jouit d'une bonne reputation, et a ete admis comme tel 
dans tous les precedents grades de la Maconnerie ; et qu'il 
a, en tout temps, donne des preuves d'obeissance, soumis- 
sion, zele, ferveur et Constance ; et qu'enfin il est libre de 
contracter les obligations de la Venerable Magonnerie Su- 
blime, lorsqu'il sera admis au sublime grade de la Haute 
Perfection, comme aussi d'obeir avec exactitude au Tres 
111.-. Souverain, Grand Commandeur, ses Officiers, et au 
Souverain et Puissant Grand Conseil des Sublimes Princes 
assembles. 



ARTICLE II. 

L'Art Royal ou la Societe des Macons Libres et 
Acceptes est divise par ordre, en 25 grades connus. Le 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. j$ 

ously observed, the Sublime degrees shall be never com- 
municated to Masons below the degrees of Knight of the 
East, of Princes of Jerusalem, Knight of the East and West, 
Patriarch Noachite, Knight of the Royal Arch, Prince Adept 
and Commander of the White arid Black Eagle ; to the end 
that by this precaution it may be made certain that they 
do possess the qualities necessary to warrant admission to 
the said Sublime degrees. 

The said Constitutions and Regulations are to be punc- 
tually executed and observed, in all their points and arti- 
cles, as follows : 

ARTICLE I. 

Forasmuch as Religion is a worship necessarily due to 
the Omnipotent God, no person shall be initiated into the 
Sacred Mysteries of this eminent degree, unless he per- 
forms the duties required of him by the religion of his 
country, where it is necessary he shall have learned its 
venerable principles; nor unless that is certified by three 
Knights, Princes Masons ; ■ nor unless he is born of free 
parents ; nor unless he has conducted himself well, and en- 
joys a good reputation, and has, as such, been admitted in 
all the preceding degrees of Masonry ; nor unless he has 
at all times given proofs of his obedience, docility, zeal, 
fervour and constancy; nor, finally, unless he is free to 
take upon himself the obligations of Venerable Sublime 
Masonry, when admitted to the sublime degree of High 
Perfection, and also free punctually to obey the Th.\ 111.*, 
Sovereign Grand Commander, his Officers, and the Sover- 
eign and Puissant Grand Council, of the Sublime Princes, 
when assembled. 

article II. 

The Royal Art, or the Association of Free and 
Accepted Masons, is generally divided into 25 known 



i6 



CONSTITUTIONS ET ReGLEMENS. 



ier est inferieur au 2d ; le 2d au 3e, et ainsi de suite, par 
progression successive, jusqu'au 25c, qui est le Sublime et 
dernier qui gouverne et commande tous les autres sans 
exception. Tous ces grades sont divises en 7 classes, par 
lesquelles on ne peut etre dispense de passer, ni de suivre 
exactement l'ordre des temps et les distances entre chaque 
grade, divis6s par nombres mysterieux, comme suit : 



1. Pour parvenir a l'App., 

2. De l'Apprentif au Comp., 



ire Classe : J 
I 3. Du Comp. au Maitre, 



2de Classe : 
5 Grades. 



3 mois. 
5 " 

7 " 

15 mois. .3 x 5, 



4. Du Maitre au Maitre Se- 
cret, 3 " 

5. Du Maitre Secret au 
Maitre Parfait, 3 " 

6. Du Maitre Parfait au Sec- 
retaire Intime, 3 " 

7. Du Secretaire Intime au 



Prevot et Juge/ 



5 



8. Du Prevot et Juge a Tin- 

tendant des Batiments,* 7 l< 



3me Classe : 
3 Grades. 



21 mois. 

9. De rintendant des Bati- 

ments a l'Elu des 9, 3 mois 

10. Del'Eludes9arEludes 15 3 " 

11. De l'Elu des 1$ a l'Elu Illus- 

tre, Chef des 12 Tribus, 1 '■ 



7 mois. 

* Here I have corrected an evident error. The text makes the Prevot et 
Juge the 8th degree, and rintendant des bailments the 7th. The 9th degree in 
the text is correct, and shows the error, 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 



17 



degrees. The first is below the second, the second below 
the third, and so on in successive progression to the 25th, 
which is the Sublime and last, that governs and commands 
all the others without exception. The whole of the de- 
grees are divided into seven classes, through which no one 
can be excused from passing, nor from observing punctu- 
ally the order of times and the distances fixed between the 
degrees, divided by mysterious numbers, as follows : 



1st class: 



(" 1. To attain the degree of App., 3 mos. 

-j 2. From App., to Fellow-Craft, 5 " 
3 Degrees. ^ ^ FrQm R Craft tQ Master> ? « 



15 mos. ..3x5 



2d Class : 
5 Degrees. 



4. From Master to Secret Mas., 3 

5. From Secret Master to Per- 

fect Master, 3 

6. From Perfect Master to Con- 

fidential Secretary, 3 

7. From Confidential Sec. to 

Provost and Judge, 5 

8. From Provost and Judge to 

Intendant of the Buildings, 7 



21 mos. 



3d Class : 
3 Degrees. 



9. From Intend, of the Build- 
ings to the Elect of the 9, 3 mos. 

10. From the Elect of the 9 to 

the Elect of the 15, 3 " 

11. From the Elect of the 15 to 

the 111.-. Elect, Chief of 
the 12 Tribes, 1 " 



7 mos. 



i8 



CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 



4me Classe 
3 Grades. 



12. De l'Elu Illustre au Grand 

Maitre Architecte, I mois. 

13. Du G'd M'e Arc'te au Chev. 

du Royal Arche, 3 " 

14. Du Chev. du Royal Arche 

au G'd Elu Anc. M'e 
Parfait ou Perfection, 1 " 



5 mois. 



5 me Classe : 
4 Grades. 



6me Classe : 
4 Grades. 



15. De la Perfection au Chev. 

d'O. ou de l'Epee, 

16. Du Chev. d' Orient au 

Prince de Jerusalem, 

17. Du Prince de Jerusalem 

au Ch. d'Orient et d'- 
Occident, 

18. Du Ch. d'Orient et d'Occi- 

dent au Ch. de Rose 
Croix, 



6 mois. 



19. Du Chev. de Rose Croix 

au Gr. Pontif ou M'e 
ad vitam, 3 

20. Du Gr.-. Pontif au Gr.*. 

Patriarche Noachite, 3 

21. Du Gr.'. Patriarche Noa- 

chite au Gr.*. M'e de la 
Clef de la Maconnerie, 3 

22. De la Clef de M'ie au 

Prince de Liban ou Ro- 
yale Hache, 3 



12 mois. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 



19 



4th Class : 
3 Degrees. 



12. From the 111.;. Elect to the 

Gr.\ Master Architect, 1 mois. 

13. From the Gr.\ M.\ Archi- 

tect to the Kt.\ of the 
Royal Arch, 3 " 

14. From the Kt.\ of R.\ A.-, to 

the Gr.\ Elect Ancient, 
Perfect Master or Per- 
fection, 1 " 



5 mos. 



5th Class: 
4 Degrees. 



6th Class : 
4 Degrees. 



15. From Perfection to the Kt.\ 

of the East or of the 
Sword, 

16. From Kt.\ of the East to 

Prince of Jerusalem, 

17. From Pr.\ of Jerusalem to 

Kt.\ of the East and W., 

18. From Kt.\ of the East and 

W. to Kt.\ of Rose Croix, 



19. 



20. 



21 



22. 



6 mos. 



From Kt.\ of Rose Croix to 
Gr.\ Pontiff or Master ad 
vitam i 

From Gr.\ Pontiff to Gr.\ 
Patriarch Noachite, 

From Gr.-. Patriarch Noa- 
chite to Gr.*. Master of 
the Key of Masonry, 

From the Key of Masonry 
to Prince of Libanus or 
Royal Axe, 



12 mos. 



20 



CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 



7me Classe 
3 Grades. 



23. De Roy. Hache au Sov. 

Prince Adepte, 5 mois. 

24. Du Pr.\ Adepte a Fill. 

Chev. Com. de l'Aigle 
Blanc et Noir, 5 " 

25. Du Ch. de l'Aigle Blanc 

et Noir au Sub. Pr. du 
Roy. Secret, 5 " 



15 mois. 

Tous ces grades, auxquels on ne peut etre initie que dans 
un nombre mysterieux de mois, pour parvenir a chaque 
grade suivant, forment le nombre de 81 mois;* mais si dans 
un temps un Frere avait manque au zele et a l'obeissance, il 
ne pourroit obtenir aucuns grades, jusqu a ce qu'il eut fait 
ses soumissions, implore le pardon de sa faute, et promis la 
plus grande exactitude et une soumission exemplaire, sous 
peine d'etre exclus a perpetuite et d'avoir son nom biffe et 
raye de la liste des vrais et legitimes freres, etc. 



ARTICLE III. 

Le Souverain Conseil des Princes Sublimes est compose 
de tous les Presidents des Conseils, particulierement et 
regulierement constitues dans les villes de Paris et Bor- 
deaux ; le Souverain des Souverains ou son Deput6 Gene- 
ral ou son Representant a leur tete. 

* In Aveilhe's copy, this paragraph, to the asterisk, reads thus, (as it does 
in the Rccueil des Actes) : 

" Tous ces grades dans lesquels il faut etre initie dans un nombre myste- 
rieux de mois, pour arriver successivement a chaque grade suivant, forment 
le nombre de quatre-vingt un mois. 8 et i font 9, comme 8 et 1 font 81, com- 
me 9 fois 9 font 81, tous nombres parfaits. Bien different, 1 et 8 qui font 9, 
comme 1 et 8 -font 18, comme 2 fois 9 font 18. Car il y a des nombres impar- 
faits, et cette combinaison est epineuse et difficile; mais un Franc-Macon qui 
a rempli son temps, cueille enfln la Rose Mayonnique." 



7th Class. 
3 Degrees. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 21 

23. From Royal Axe to Sov.*. 
Prince Adept, 5 mos. 

24. From Prince Adept to the 
111.-. Kt.\ Com.-, of the 
White and Black Eagle, 5 " 

25. From the Kt.-. of the W. and 
B. Eagle to the Sublime 
Prince of the Roy. Sec't, 5 " 

15 mos. 



All these degrees, into which one can only be initiated in 
a mysterious number of months, to arrive at each degree 
in due succession, make the number, in all, of 81 months;* 
but if, during any one of the periods, a Bro.\ has been 
wanting in zeal and obedience, he can obtain no more de- 
grees, until he has submitted to discipline, implored pardon 
for his fault, and promised the utmost punctuality and 
exemplary obedience, under the penalty of being forever 
excluded, and of having his name erased and struck from 
the list of true and legitimate brethren, etc., etc., etc. 

ARTICLE III. 

The Sovereign Grand Council of the Sublime Princes of 
the Royal Secret is composed of all the Presidents of the 
several Councils particularly and regularly established, in 
the cities of Paris and Bordeaux, with the Sovereign of the 
Sovereigns, or his Deputy General or Representative at 
their head. 

* In AveilMs copy, and the Recueil des Actes, this paragraph, to the asterisk 
reads thus : 

"AH these degrees, into which one must be initiated in a mysterious num- 
ber of months, to arrive at each degree in due succession, form the number 
of 81 months. 8 + 1 make 9, as 8 and 1 make 81, and as 9 times 9 make 81, 
all of which are perfect numbers. Quite otherwise, 1 and 8 which make 9, as 
1 and 8 make 18, and as twice 9 make 18. For these are imperfect numbers, 
and this combination is thorny and difficult; but a Free Mason who has ful 
filled his time, at last gathers the Masonic rose." 
2 



22 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

ARTICLE IV. 

Le Souverain Grand Conseil des Sublimes Princes du 
Royal Secret s'assemblera quatre fois par an, et sera appe!6 
Grand Conseil de Quartier de Communication, qui sera 
tenu les 25 Juin, 21 Septembre, 21 Mars, et 27 Decembre. 

ARTICLE v.* 

Le 25 Juin, le Souverain Grand Conseil sera compos6 de 
tous les Presidents du Conseil, particulierementf de Paris 
et de Bordeaux ou de leurs Representans, pour ce jour 
seulement, avec leurs deux premiers Grand Officiers, qui 
sont les Ministres d'Etat et Generaux de l'Armee, qui ont 
seulement le droit de proposer, sans voix deliberative. 

ARTICLE VI, 

Tous les 3 ans, le 27 Decembre, le Souverain Grand 
Conseil nommera 17 Officiers, savoir: 2 Representants du 
Lieutenant Commandant, deux Grands Officiers, qui sont 
le Grand Orateur et le Grand General de l'Ann6e, un 
Grand Garde des Sceaux et Archives, un Secretaire G£n- 
6ral, un Secretaire pour Paris et Bordeaux, un autre Sec- 
retaire pour les Provinces et Pays Etrangers, un Grand 
Architecte Ing6nieur, un Grand Hospitalier Medecin, et 
sept Inspecteurs qui se reuniront sous les ordres du Souve- 
rain des Souverains Princes ou son Substitut-Gen6ral ; 
composant le nombre de 17, a quoi restera invariablement 
fixe le nombre des Grands Officiers du Souverain Grand 
Conseil des Sublimes Princes du Royal Secret, qui ne 
peuvent etre choisis, que parmi les Presidents des Conseils 
particuliers des Princes de Jerusalem, r6gulierement con- 

* This Article, wholly omitted in the certified and sealed copy of Delahogue 
and de Grasse, is supplied from Aveilhe's copy, agreeing with the Rectieil des 
Actes. 

\ Des Conseils particuliers ? 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 23 

ARTICLE IV. 

The Sovereign Grand Council of the Sublime Princes 
of the Royal Secret shall assemble four times a year, and 
be styled the Grand Quarterly Council of Communication, 
held on the 25th of June, the 21st of September, the 21st 
of March, and the 27th of December. 

ARTICLE V. 

On the 25th of June, the Sov.\ Grand Council shall be 
composed of all the Presidents of the several Councils of 
Paris and Bordeaux, or of their Representatives, for that 
day only, with their two first Grand Officers, the Ministers 
of State and Generals of the Army, who have only the 
right to propose measures, but not to debate. 

ARTICLE VI. 

Every three years, on the 27th of December, the Sover- 
eign Grand Council shall elect 17 officers, to wit: two 
Representatives of the Lieutenant Commander ; two Grand 
Officers, who are the Grand Orator and the Grand General 
of the Army ; one Grand Keeper of the Seals and Ar- 
chives ; one Secretary-General ; a Secretary for Paris and 
Bordeaux ; another Secretary for the Provinces and For- 
eign Countries ; a Grand Architect Engineer ; a Grand 
Hospitaller Physician ; and seven Inspectors, who shall 
meet under the orders of the Sovereign of the Sovereign 
Princes, or his Substitute General ; making 17 in all, at 
which shall remain irrevocably fixed the number of the 
Grand Officers of the Sovereign Grand Council of the 
Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret, who can be selected 
only from among the Presidents of the particular Councils 
of the Princes of Jerusalem regularly established at Paris 
and Bordeaux ; and upon failure of the Sovereign and the 



24 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

stitutes a Paris et Bordeaux; et a defaut du Souverain et 
du Sublime Grand Conseil, pour faire les nominations, le 
Souverain des'Souverains Princes ou son Depute-General 
pourra les nommer d'office, dans un Grand Conseil, assem- 
ble au moins de 18 Princes residens du Conseil particuliere- 
ment * des villes de Paris et Bordeaux. 

ARTICLE VII. 

Chaque Prince Grand Officier ou Depositaire [Digni- 
taire ?] du Souverain Grand Conseil, aura une Patente de 
la dignite a laquelle il aura ete nomme, dans laquelle sera 
exprimee la duree de ses fonctions, contresignee par tous 
les Grands Officiers et par ceux du Souverain Grand Con- 
seil des Sublimes Princes, timbree et scellee. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

Outre les 4 Assemblees de Communication, il sera tenu 
tous les mois, dans les premiers 10 jours, par les Grands 
Officiers, et en dignite, du Souverain Conseil des Princes 
Sublimes seulement, un Conseil pour r6gler les affaires de 
l'Ordre, soit grandes ou particulieres, sauf l'appel au Grand 
Conseil de Communication. 

ARTICLE IX. 

Dans l'Assemblee du Conseil de Communication, ainsi 
que dans les Conseils particuliers, tout sera decide a la plu- 
rality des voix. Le President aura deux voix et les autres 
membres une. Si dans ces Assemblees, un Frere est admis 
par dispense, quoiqu'il soit Prince Sublime, sans etre mem- 
bre du Grand Conseil, il n'aura pas de voix, et ne donnera 
pas son sentiment sans la permission du President. 

ARTICLE X. 

I 

Toutes les affaires portees au Souverain Grand Conseil des 

* Sic in the original, as in Aveilke's copy and the Recueil des Actes. I pre- 
sume it should read, l des Conseils particuliers' 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 25 

Sublime Grand Council to make the election, the Sover- 
eign of the Sovereign Princes, or his Deputy-General, 
may, by virtue of his office, appoint the officers, in a Grand 
Council specially convoked, of at least 18 resident Princes 
of the particular Councils of the cities of Paris and Bor- 
deaux. 

ARTICLE VII. 

Every Prince, Grand Officer, or Dignitary of the Sover- 
eign Grand Council shall have a patent of the dignity to 
which he shall have been elected, in which shall be ex- 
pressed the term for which he is elected, countersigned by 
all the Grand Officers, and by those of the Sovereign 
Grand Council of the Sublime Princes, and stamped and 
sealed. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

Besides the four quarterly communications, there shall 
be held, within the first ten days of each month, by only 
the Grand Officers-Dignitaries of the Sovereign Council 
of the Sublime Princes, a Council for the Regulation of 
the general and special affairs of the order, with right of 
appeal to the Grand Council of Communication. 

ARTICLE IX. 

In the Assembly of the Council of Communication, as 
also in the particular Councils, all questions shall be de- 
cided by plurality of votes ; the President having two 
votes, and each other member one. If a Bro.\ is allowed 
to sit in such Assembly, by permission only, even if he be a 
Sublime Prince, but be not a member of the Grand Coun- 
cil, he shall have no vote, and shall express his views only 
by permission of the President. 

ARTICLE X. 

All matters referred to the Sovereign Grand Council of 



26 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

Princes Sublimes seront reglees dans ces Conseils, et ses 
reglemens seront executes, sauf leur ratification au pro- 
chain Conseil de Communication. 



ARTICLE XI. 

Quand le Souverain Grand Conseil de Communication 
sera tenu, le Grand Secretaire sera oblige d'apporter tous 
les registres courants, et de rendre compte de toutes les 
deliberations et reglemens faits pendant le quartier, pour 
etre ratifies ; et s'il se recontroit quelques oppositions a leur 
ratification, il sera nomme neuf Commissaires, devant les- 
quels les opposants delivreront par ecrit les motifs de leur 
opposition, afin qu'il puisse y etre pareillement repondu 
par ecrit, et sur le rapport des susdits commissaires, il en 
soit arrete au Grand Conseil de Communication suivant ; 
et dans l'intervale de la susdite deliberation et reglement, 
il sera execute par un ordre. 



ARTICLE XII. 

Le Grand Secretaire General tiendra un registre pour 
Paris et Bordeaux, et un autre pour les Provinces et les 
Pays Etrangers, contenant les noms des Conseils Particu- 
liers, par ordre d'anciennete, la date de leurs constitutions, 
l'etat de leurs noms, grades et dignites, qualites civiles et resi- 
dences des membres, conformement a ceux envoyes par 
nos Inspecteurs ou leurs Deputes, et le droit de preseance 
de chaque Conseil, ainsi que le nombre des loges regulieres 
de Perfection, etablies dans le gouvernement des nos In- 
specteurs ou du Conseil des Princes Sublimes, les titres de 
leurs Loges, la date de leurs Constitutions, etat de leurs 
titres, grades, offices, dignites, qualites civiles, et les resi- 
dences des membres, conformement a ceux qui nous seront 
delivres par nos Inspecteurs ou leurs Deputes. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 2*J 

the Sublime Princes shall be determined in the Councils ; 
and their regulations shall be executed, subject to ratifica- 
tion, however, by the next Council of Communication. 

ARTICLE XL 

Whenever the Grand Council of Communication is held, 
the Grand Secretary shall bring- up all the current records, 
and report all the deliberations had, and regulations made 
during the quarter, that they may be ratified ; and if there 
be any opposition made to such ratification, a Committee 
of Nine shall be appointed, before which those who object 
shall set forth in writing the grounds of their objection, 
that they may be answered in writing ; and that, upon the 
report of the Committee, the matter may be settled in the 
next Grand Council of Communication ; and in the inter- 
val between such deliberation and the final decision, that 
to which objection is made shall, by a mandate, be exe- 
cuted. 

ARTICLE XII. 

The Grand Secretary-General shall keep a Register for 
Paris and Bordeaux, and another for the Provinces and 
Foreign Countries, containing the names of the Subordinate 
Councils, in the order of their seniority, the dates of their 
charters, and a statement of the names, degrees, dignities, 
civil conditions and places of residence of their members, 
conformably to the forms transmitted by our Inspectors or 
their deputies ; and of the right of precedency of each 
Council ; and also the number of regular Lodges of Per- 
fection established under the government of our Inspectors, 
or that of the Council of the Sublime Princes, the titles of 
their Lodges, the dates of their charters, and a statement 
of the titles, degrees, offices, dignities, civil conditions and 
places of residence of the members, conformably to those 
furnished by our Inspectors or their Deputies. 



28 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

Dans les Grands Conseils de Communication sera regie 
le jour de la reception du President, dans les Conseils Par- 
ticuliers. 

ARTICLE XIII. 

Le Grand Secretaire tiendra pareillement un registre 
contenant toutes les deliberations et reglemens faits par le 
Grand Conseil de Communication de quartier, dans lequel 
seront mentionnees toutes les affaires expedites dans les 
susdits Conseils, toutes les lettres recues, et le sujet de la 
reponse convenue. 

ARTICLE XIV. 

Le Grand Secretaire ecrira en marge des petitions, let- 
tres ou memoires qui seront lus en Conseil, le sujet de la 
reponse convenue, et apres en avoir redige les reponses, il 
les fera signer par le Grand Inspecteur General ou son 
Depute, par le Secretaire de la juridiction, et le Grand 
Garde des Sceaux. II les signera, scellera et les adressera 
lui-meme. 

Cependant, com me ce travail ne peut pas £tre fait pen- 
dant la seance du Conseil, et qu'il peut etre quelquefois 
dangereux de retarder lesdites lettres, jusqu'au prochain 
Conseil, il produira la minute de la reponse pour qu'elle 
puisse etre lue dans le prochain Conseil, et remettra tout 
ce qui y est relatif au Garde des Archives, pour que le 
Souverain Grand Conseil puisse y faire les corrections qu'il 
pensera convenable. 

ARTICLE XV. 

Les Conseils Particuliers, soit dans les villes de Paris ou 
Bordeaux, Provinces ou telles autres, n'auront pas le pou- 
voir d'envoyer des Constitutions ou Reglemens, a moins 
qu'ils n'y soient autorises* par le Souverain Grand Conseil, 
le Grand Inspecteur ou son Depute. 

* A moins qu'ils soient autorises, timbres et scelles, &c. — Aveilhe's copy 
and Recneil des Actes. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 29 

The day for the reception of the President in the partic- 
ular Councils shall be fixed in the Grand Councils of Com- 
munication. 

ARTICLE XIII. 

The Grand Secretary shall also keep a record containing" 
all the decisions and regulations of the Grand Council of 
Quarterly Communication, in which shall be stated all the 
matters determined in such Council, all the letters received, 
and the substance of the answer determined on, to each. 

ARTICLE XIV. 

The Grand Secretary shall endorse on the margin of all 
petitions, letters and memoirs read to the Council, the sub- 
stance of the answer agreed on, which answer shall, when 
written, be signed by the Grand Inspector-General or his 
Deputy, by the Secretary of the proper jurisdiction, and 
by the Grand Keeper of the Seals ; and then the Grand 
Secretary shall himself sign, stamp and seal it, and trans- 
mit the answer. 

But, as it may not be practicable to do this while the 
Council is in session, and as it might sometimes be danger- 
ous to delay answering until the next Council, he shall 
produce the minute of the answer, that it may be read in 
the next Council, and shall deliver all that relates thereto 
to the Keeper of the Archives, that the Sovereign Grand 
Council may therein make such corrections as to it may 
seem proper. 

ARTICLE XV. 

The particular Councils, whether in the cities of Paris 
and Bordeaux, in the Provinces or elsewhere, shall have 
no power to issue Constitutions or Regulations, unless they 
be authorized to do so by the Sovereign Grand Council, 
the Grand Inspector, or his Deputy. 



30 



ARTICLE XVI. 



Le Grand Garde des Sceaux et Timbres ne pourra scel- 
ler ni timbrer aucunes lettres, qu'elles n'aient avant et6 
signees par le Secretaire-General, et par deux Secretaires 
de differentes juridictions ; ni ne peut timbrer ni sceller 
aucuns reglemens, avant qu'ils n'aient et6 signes par le 
Grand Inspecteur ou son Deput6 et par les susdits trois 
Secretaires, ni timbrer et sceller aucunes constitutions, a 
moins qu'elles n'aient ete signees par les susdits trois 
Grands Officiers et autres Princes au nombre de sept, au 
moins, membres du Souverain Grand Conseil des Princes 
Sublimes. 

ARTICLE XVII. 

Le Grand Tresorier doit etre connu pour avoir une for- 
tune aisee. II sera charg6 de tous les fonds qui seront per- 
gus pour l'entretien du Souverain Grand Conseil, ou donn6s 
par forme de charite. II sera tenu un registre tres exact 
de toutes les recettes, depenses et charites, 6tablies distinct- 
ement et de la maniere dont les fonds ont ete depens6s. 
Ceux pour l'usage du Souverain Grand Conseil, et ceux 
destines pour les charites seront tenus separement. II sera 
donne un recu pour chaque somme, qui specifiera le numero 
du folio de son r6gistre, et il ne sera paye" aucune somme 
que par l'ordre ecrit du President et des deux Grands Offi- 
ciers du Souverain Grand Conseil. 

ARTICLE XVIII. 

A la premiere Assemblee du Grand Conseil, qui suivra 
le 27 decembre, le Grand Tresorier rendra ses comptes. 

ARTICLE XIX. 

Nul ordre de recette, sur le Tresorier, ne sera d61ivre que 



CONSTITUTIONS ANr3 REGULATIONS. 3 1 

ARTICLE XVI. 

The Grand Keeper of the Seals and Stamps shall stamp 
and seal no letter which has not first been signed by the 
Secretary General, and by two Secretaries of different ju- 
risdictions ; nor can he stamp or seal any regulations that 
have not been signed by the Grand Inspector or his Depu- 
ty, and by said three Secretaries ; and he can neither stamp 
nor seal any Charter of Constitution that has not first been 
signed by the said three Grand Officers and by other 
Princes, to the number, in all, of seven at least, members 
of the Sovereign Grand Council of the Sublime Princes. 

ARTICLE XVII. 

The Grand Treasurer must be known to be a person of 
easy fortune. He shall have charge of all the funds re- 
ceived on account of the Sovereign Grand Council, or 
given by way of charity. An exact record shall be kept 
of all receipts, expenditures and charities, carefully distin- 
guishing each, and showing how the moneys in each case 
have been expended ; the funds of the Sovereign Grand 
Council, and those for charitable purposes, being always 
kept separate. A receipt shall be given for every sum, 
which shall refer to the number of the page of the register 
on which it is entered ; and no moneys shall be paid out 
except on the written order of the President and of the 
two Grand Officers of the Sovereign Grand Council. 

ARTICLE XVIII. 

At the first Assembly of the Grand Council after the 
27th of December, the Grand Treasurer shall lay before it 
his accounts. 

ARTICLE XIX. 

No order on the Treasurer for money shall be given ex- 



32 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

par le President ou les deux Grands Surveillants, mais 
d'apres une resolution du Grand Conseil, qui sera mentionn6e 
dans ledit ordre, ainsi que tous les paiements desdits fonds, 
auxquels il ne sera jamais touche pour aucun banquet, les- 
quels seront payees a frais communs par tous les F.\ F.\ 

ARTICLE XX. 

Si aucunes m£moires, petitions et plaintes 6toient portes 
devant le Souverain Grand Conseil, par un Conseil particu- 
lier, dont le President seroit membre, il ne pourroit donner 
sa voix ni m6me son avis, a moins qu'il en fut requis par le 
President du Grand Conseil. 

ARTICLE XXI. 

Les Grands Inspecteurs Deputes, et les deux premiers 
Grands Officiers ne peuvent etre destitues par le Grand 
Conseil de Communication de quartier des Princes du 
Royal Secret, que pour de legitimes raisons mises en d61ib- 
6ration, lorsqu'il y aura des preuves contre eux parfaite- 
ment demontr6es ; mais les susdits Grands Officiers pour- 
ront donner leur demission dans le Grand Conseil. Les 
Grands Inspecteurs et Deputes ne peuvent etre remplaces 
que par la nomination du Souverain des Souverains et des 
Tres Puissants Princes du Grand Conseil de Communica- 
tion. 

ARTICLE XXII. 

Le Grand Conseil visitera les Conseils particuliers, ainsi 
que les Loges de Perfection par les D6put6s Inspecteurs, 
ou en leur place par ceux qui seront nomm6s a cet effet, 
qui rendront compte de tout ce qui s'y sera passe, par ecrit, 
au Secretaire G6n6ral, afin d'en instruire le Grand Conseil. 
Ledit Grand Inspecteur ou Depute visitera leurs travaux, 
les registres, les Constitutions et les tableaux dudit Conseil 
ou des Loges de Perfection, et en dressera proces-verbal, 



CONSTITUTlUNb AND REGULATIONS. 33 

cept by the President or the two Grand Wardens ; and 
that only on a resolution of the Grand Council, mentioned 
in the order, as also all payments of the said funds. None 
of the funds shall ever be used to pay for banquets, which 
shall always be paid for by common contributions of all 
the brethren. 

ARTICLE XX, 

When any memoir, petition, or complaint is sent to the 
Sovereign Grand Council, by a particular council, the 
President whereof is a member, he cannot vote, nor even 
express his opinion, unless requested to do so by the Presi- 
dent of the Grand Council. 

ARTICLE XXI. 

The Grand Inspectors and Deputies, and the two first 
Grand Officers can be removed from office only by the 
Grand Council of Quarterly Communication of the Prin- 
ces of the Royal Secret, for legitimate reasons openly dis- 
cussed, and when the proofs against them are clear and 
conclusive; but these officers may resign in the Grand 
Council. The Grand Inspectors and Deputies can be 
replaced only by appointment by the Sovereign of the 
Sovereigns and the Most Puissant Princes of the Grand 
Council of Communication. 

ARTICLE XXII. 

The Grand Council will visit the particular Councils and 
Lodges of Perfection through the Deputies Inspectors, 
or, in their place, through persons specially appointed 
therefor ; who shall report in writing to the Secretary 
General all that occurs on their visitation, that the Sove- 
reign Grand Council may be informed thereof. The Grand 
Inspector or Deputy shall inspect the work, the registers, 
charters and lists of members of such Councils and Lodges 



34 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

qui sera sign6 par les Officiers-Dignitaires dudit Conseil ou 
Loges de Perfection, ou autres quelconques ; qu'il com- 
muniquera au Souverain Grand Conseil le plustot possible, 
en l'adressant au Grand Secretaire General. II pr£sidera 
dans les susdits Grands Conseils ou Loges de Perfection, ou 
autres, toutes les fois qu'il en jugera necessaire, sans oppo- 
sition d'aucun frere, sous les peines de d6sobeissance et 
d'interdiction : car tel est notre bon plaisir. 



ARTICLE XXIII. 

Lorsque le Grand Conseil sera regulierement convoqu6, 
sept membres suffiront pour ouvrir les travaux, a l'heure 
indiqu^e ; et les reglemens qui seront faits et passes a la 
pluralite des voix parmi eux auront force de loix, comme 
si les autres membres eussent ete presents ; except6 dans 
les cas de necessite, ou le Grand Inspecteur ou son Depute 
peut proceder aux travaux avec trois membres. 

ARTICLE XXIY. 

Si dans l'assemblee d'un Grand Conseil aucun membre 
se presentoit d'une maniere indecente, pris de vin, ou com- 
mettroit quelques fautes, tendantes a detruire l'harmonie 
qui doit regner dans ces respectables assemblies, il sera 
reprimande pour la premiere fois ; a la seconde offense, 
mis a Tamende fixee a la majorite, qui sera immediatement 
pay6e, et pour la troisieme fois, il sera priv6 de ses dignites, 
et si la majorit6 du Grand Conseil est pour l'expulsion, il 
sera chassd. 

ARTICLE XXV. 

Si dans le Souverain Grand Conseil, aucun membre 6toit 
coupable de quelques offences mentionnees dans le prece- 
dent article, il sera pour la premiere fois condamne a telle 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 35 

of Perfection, and shall draw up a statement thereof, which 
shall be signed by the Officers-Dignitaries of said Councils 
or Lodges of Perfection, or other bodies, and which he 
shall forward to the Sovereign Grand Council as soon as 
possible, addressed to the Grand Secretary General. 

He shall preside in said Grand Councils, Lodges of Per- 
fection, and other bodies, whenever he sees fit, without 
objection on the part of any brother whatever, under the 
penalties due to disobedience, and that of interdiction : for 
such is our good pleasure. 

ARTICLE XXIII. 

When the Grand Council shall be regularly convoked, 
seven members shall suffice to open the works at the time 
fixed ; and the regulations then made and passed by a plu- 
rality of votes, shall have the force of law, as if the other 
members had been present ; except in cases of emergency, 
when the Grand Inspector or his Deputy, with three 
members, may proceed with the work, 

ARTICLE XXIV. 

If in a meeting of a Grand Council any member should 
present himself in an indecent manner, intoxicated, or com- 
mitting any other acts that may tend to interrupt the har- 
mony that ought to reign in a body so respectable, he 
shall, for the first offence, be reprimanded ; for the second 
a fine shall be imposed, fixed by the voice of the majority, 
to be paid forthwith ; and for the third, he shall be de- 
jprived of his dignities, and if a majority of the Grand 
Council so decide, he shall be expelled. 

ARTICLE XXV. 

If in the Sovereign Grand Council any member be guilty 
of any of the offences mentioned in the preceding article, 
he shall, for the first offence, be condemned to pay such 



36 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

amende, qui lui sera immediatement imposee ; pour la 
seconde fois, il sera chasse de l'Assemblee Generale, l'espace 
d'une annee, pendant lequel temps il sera prive de ses fonc- 
tions dans le Conseil ou dans la Loge dont il seroit mem- 
bre ; et pour la troisieme fois, il sera chasse pour toujours. 
S'il est President de quelque Conseil ou Loge particuliere, 
il en sera dechu ; il sera nomme un nouveau President a 
son Conseil ou Loge, de quelque grade que ce soit. 

ARTICLE XXVI. 

Le Souverain Grand Conseil ne reconnoitra pour Con- 
seils reguliers ou Loges de Perfection que ceux qui seront 
regulierement constitutes par lui ou par les Grands Inspec- 
teurs ou leurs Deput6s ; et il en sera de meme a l'egard des 
Chevaliers Macons, Princes et Grands Elus Parfaits qui 
auroient ete regus par quelques Conseils ou Loges qui n'y 
auroient pas ete dument autoris6s. 

ARTICLE XXVII. 

Toutes petitions au Souverain Grand Conseil pour ob- 
tenir des iettres de Constitution, soit pour etablir ou pour 
regler un Conseil ou Loge quelconque, seront envoyees, 
savoir: pour la Province, aux Inspecteurs de la meme 
juridiction, qui nommeront quatre Commissaires a cet 
effet, pour prendre toutes les informations necessaires ; a 
cet effet, ils enverront aux Inspecteurs ou leur Depute dans 
ladite juridiction, une liste exacte des membres qui de- 
mandent la creation d'un Conseil ou Loge de Perfection, 
etc., pour, sur le rapport desdits Commissaires et celui du 
Grand Inspecteur ou son Depute, etre determine par le 
Grand Conseil sur la demande desdits membres. Quand 
ce sera pour les Pays Etrangers, les Grand Inspecteurs, 
dans leurs juridictions, pourront cr6er, constituer, defendre, 
reVoquer et exclure, selon leur prudence, de quoi ils dres- 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 37 

fine as may be forthwith imposed on him ; for the second, 
he shall be excluded from the General Assembly for the 
space of one year, during- which time he shall be deprived 
of his functions in the Council and in the Lodge whereof 
he is a member ; and for the third he shall be expelled. If 
he be the President of a particular Council or Lodge, he 
will be deprived of his office, which will be filled by a new 
appointment, whatever may be the degree of his Council 
or Lodge. 

ARTICLE XXVI. 

The Sovereign Grand Council will recognize as regular 
no other Councils or Lodges of Perfection than those re- 
gularly constituted by itself or by the Grand Inspectors 
or their Deputies; nor any Knights-Masons, Princes, or 
Perfect Grand Elus, that have been made such by any 
Council or Lodge not duly authorized. 

ARTICLE XXVII. 

All petitions to the Sovereign Grand Council for letters 
of Constitution, or for the establishment or regularization of 
any Council or Lodge, shall be referred as follows : if from 
a Province, to the Inspectors for that jurisdiction, who 
shall thereupon appoint four Commissioners, to obtain all 
the necessary information, to which end they shall furnish 
to the Inspectors or their Deputy for that jurisdiction, an 
exact list of the members who apply for the establishment 
of such Council or Lodge of Perfection, etc. ; to the end 
that, upon the report of such Commissioners, or upon that 
of the Grand Inspector, or his Deputy, the Grand Council 
may decide upon the application. If from a foreign 
country, the proper Grand Inspectors may, each within 
his jurisdiction, create, constitute, prohibit, revoke and ex- 
clude, according as their judgment may direct, sending up 
3 



38 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

seront proces-verbal, et donneront avis de tout ce qu'ils 
auront fait au Souverain Grand Conseil, par l'occasion la 
plus favorable. Les susdits Inspecteurs se conformeront 
aux loix et coutumes ainsi qu'aux Constitutions secretes du 
Souverain Grand Conseil. lis auront la liberte de choisir 
les Deputes dans leurs travaux pour accelerer, et de les 
autoriser par lettres patentes qui auront force et validite 

ARTICLE XXVIII. 

Le Souverain Grand Conseil n'accordera aucune consti- 
tution pour l'etablissement d'une Loge Royale de Perfec- 
tion, except6 aux Freres qui auront au moins le grade de 
Prince de Jerusalem ; et pour l'etablissement d'un Conseil 
de Chevaliers d'Orient, celui de Chevalier d'Orient et 
d'Occident; mais pour l'etablissement d'un Conseil de 
Prince de Jerusalem, le Frere doit avoir absolument le 
grade de Sublime Chevalier, Prince Adepte, et prouver 
par ses titres authentiques qu'il a 16gitimement et r6gu- 
lierement et6 recu, et prouver qu'il a toujours joui libre- 
ment d'un bien honnete, libre de reproches par une bonne 
reputation et une bonne conduite, et qu'il a en tous temps 
6t6 soumis aux decrets du Souverain Grand Conseil des 
Princes dont il desire devenir le Chef. 

ARTICLE XXIX. 

Le Souverain Conseil des Princes Sublimes n'accordera 
aucunes nouvelles Patentes ni Constitutions, soit pour 
Paris ou Bordeaux, Provinces ou Pays Etrangers, qu'en 
fournissant un recu du Grand Tresorier, de la somme de 
vingt-quatre shellings pour le paiement des personnes em- 
ployees a cet ouvrage. Les Grand Inspecteurs des Orients 
Etrangers s'y conformeront dans les meraes cas ; suivant 
les voyages qu'ils seront obliges de faire, defrayes de toutes 
depenses. En outre, ils ne delivreront ni Commission ni 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 39 

full report of their action in the premises to the Sovereign 
Grand Council by the first favorable opportunity. And 
the said Inspectors shall conform to the laws and customs, 
as also to the Secret Constitutions of the Sovereign Grand 
Council. They may, for greater despatch, appoint Depu- 
ties to act for them, empowering them, by letters patent 
that shall have force and validity. 

ARTICLE XXVIII. 

The Sovereign Grand Council will grant charters to 
establish a Royal Lodge of Perfection to no brothers who 
have not attained, at least, to the degree of Princes of 
Jerusalem ; and to establish a Council of Knights of the 
East, to no one who has not attained that of Knights of the 
East and West. To obtain authority to establish a Coun- 
cil of Princes of Jerusalem, the brother must necessarily 
have the degree of Sublime Knight Prince Adept, and 
must prove by authentic documents that he has been legiti- 
mately and regularly received as such ; and he must show 
that he has always led an honest life, free of any reproach, 
and been distinguished by a good reputation and an up- 
right course of conduct ; and also that he has ever been 
obedient to the decrees of the Sovereign Grand Council 
of the Princes, of whom he desires to be the chief. 

ARTICLE XXIX. 

The Sovereign Council of the Sublime Princes will grant 
no new Patents or Constitutions, whether for Paris or Bor- 
deaux, for a Province or for foreign countries, unless upon 
the production of a receipt of the Grand Treasurer for the 
sum of twenty-four shillings, to pay the persons employed 
in that labor. The Grand Inspectors of Foreign Orients 
will observe the same rule in like cases. All the expenses 
of any journeys which they are obliged to make are to be 
defrayed. Moreover, they will deliver neither commission 



40 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

pouvoir a aucun Prince Macon, avant d'avoir signe sa sou- 
mission dans les registres du Grand Secretaire General, du 
Grand Inspecteur ou son Depute, et pour les Provinces et 
Pays Etrangers dans ceux de nos Inspecteurs ou Deputes. 
II est meme necessaire que la susdite soumission soit ecrite 
et signee par ledit Frere. 

ARTICLE XXX. 

Si les Inspecteurs ou Deputes jugeroient convenable de 
visiter dans quelques lieux des deux hemispheres, soit le 
Grand Conseil des Princes de Jerusalem ou quelqu'autre, 
ils se presenteront* avec les decorations de leurs dignites, 
soit a la porte du Grand Conseil des Princes de Jerusalem, 
Grand Chapitre des Chevaliers de l'Aigle Noir, ou Consis- 
toire des Princes Adeptes, ou enfin a telle autre que ce 
soit, ils seront re§us avec tous les honneurs qui leur sont 
dus, et jouiront en tous lieux de leurs privileges et prerog- 
atives, etc., etc. L'Inspecteur ou son Depute, ainsi que les 
Chevaliers, Princes Magons, lorsqu'ils visiteront une Loge 
de Royale Perfection, ou aucune autre quelconque, le Puis- 
sant Grand Maitre, le Respectable d'une Loge Symbolique 
enverra cinq officiers dignitaires pour introduire le Prince 
Inspecteur ou son Depute avec tous les honneurs tels qu'ils 
seront ci-apres expliques. 

ARTICLE XXXI. 

Les Princes de Jerusalem etant les Vaillants Princes de 
la Masonnerie renouvelee, seront re<?us avec les honneurs 
et jouiront de tous leurs privil6ges dans toutes les Loges 
et Chapitres, ainsi que dans les Conseils de Chevaliers 
d'Orient, ou ils feront leur entree triomphante de la 
'maniere suivante : 

* " Ou aucuns autres quelconques, lorsqu'ils seront connus et munis de 
litres authentiques, se presenteront." — Aveilhts copy. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 41 

nor power to any Prince Mason until he has first signed his 
submission in the register of the Grand Secretary General, 
of the Grand Inspector or his Deputy ; and, in a Province 
or a foreign country, in those of our Inspectors or Depu- 
ties. It is even necessary that such submission be both 
written and signed by such brother. 

ARTICLE XXX. 

If the Inspectors or Deputies see fit to visit anywhere in 
the two Hemispheres a Grand Council of Princes of Jeru- 
salem, a Council of Knights of the East, a Lodge of Per- 
fection, or any other body whatsoever, they will present 
themselves,* clothed with the decorations of their rank, at 
the door of the Grand Council of Princes of Jerusalem, of 
the Grand Chapter of the Knights of the Black Eagle, or 
of the Consistory of the Princes Adepts, or of any other 
body, as the case may be, and will be there received with 
all the honors due them, and everywhere enjoy their privi- 
leges and prerogatives. Whenever an Inspector or his 
Deputy, or any other Knight Prince Mason visits a Lodge 
of Royal Perfection, or other Lodge, the Puissant Grand 
Master or the Worshipful Master of a Symbolic Lodge will 
send out five officers-dignitaries to introduce the Prince 
Inspector or his Deputy, with all the honors hereinafter 
prescribed. 

ARTICLE XXXI. 

The Princes of Jerusalem being the Valiant Princes of 
the Renovated Masonry, they will be received with all the 
honours, and will enjoy all their privileges, in all Lodges 
and Chapters, as well as in all Councils of Knights of the 
East, whereinto they will make their triumphant entry in 
the following manner : 

* " Or any other body whatsoever, when they are recognized, and furnished 
with authentic evidence of their rank, they will present themselves." — Aveil- 
he's copy. 



42 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

ier. Les Princes de Jerusalem ont le droit d'annuler et 
revoquer ce qui peut avoir ete fait en Conseil de Chevalier 
d'Orient, ainsi que dans les Loges de Royale Perfection et 
d'aucune autre de quelque grade que ce puisse etre, quand 
ils ne seront pas conformes aux jugements et aux loix de 
l'ordre, pourvu neanmoins qu'il ne soit present aucun Sub- 
lime Prince d'un Grade Superieur. 

2e. Quand un Prince de Jerusalem est annonce a la porte 
d'une Loge Royale ou Chapitre, ou aucune autre, avec les 
titres et ornements qui le font connoitre comme tel, ou est 
connu par quelque Prince du meme grade, le Respecta- 
ble ou le Tres Puissant d'une telle Loge enverra quatre 
Freres, Officiers dignitaires, pour l'introduire et l'accom- 
pagner. 

II entrera, le chapeau sur la tete, ou son casque, Tepee 
nue a la main droite, comme un combattant, le bouclier au 
bras gauche, et meme cuirasse, s'il est absolument decore de 
tous ses attributs et ornements. Le prince visiteur etant a 
l'Occident, entre les deux Surveillants, accompagne des 
quatre Deputes de la Loge, saluera: i°. le Maitre, 2°. au 
Nord et au Sud, 3 . le ier et le 2d Surveillants. Aussi- 
tot apres cette ceremonie, il fera le signe du grade que Ton 
tient, qui sera repete par le Maitre et par tous les F.\ 
F.\ ensemble; et ensuite [le Maitre] dira, "A FOrdre, mes 
Freres /" A l'instant, tous les Freres du Nord et du Sud 
formeront ensemble une voute avec leurs epees nues, et a 
ce defaut, avec leurs bras tendus, sous laquelle le Valeur- 
eux Prince passera d'un pas grave, jusqu'a ce qu'il soit 
arrive au Maitre. Le Maitre lui offrira le sceptre, qu'il ac- 
ceptera et commandera les travaux : le Maitre lui rendra 
compte des travaux et de tout ce qui a rapport a l'Ordre, 
ou, s'il juge a propos, il laissera le sceptre au Maitre, pour 
continuer les travaux deja commences; et si le Valeureux 
Prince veut se retirer avant la cloture de la Loge, apres en 
avoir informe le Respectable ou Tres Puissant qui le re- 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 43 

1st. The Princes of Jerusalem have the right to annul 
and revoke whatever may have been transacted in a Coun- 
cil of Knights of the East, in Lodges of Royal Perfection, 
or in other Lodges of whatever degree, wherein such 
bodies have not conformed to the decisions and laws of the 
Order \ provided, however, that there be present no Sublime 
Prince of a higher degree. 

2d. When a Prince of Jerusalem is announced, as such, 
at the door of a Royal Lodge or of a Chapter, or of any 
other Lodge, with the documents and decorations that prove 
him to be such, or when he is known to be such by some 
Prince of the same degree, the Worshipful or Th.\ Puis- 
sant Grand Master will send four officers-dignitaries to 
introduce and accompany him. 

He will enter, wearing his hat or helmet, his drawn 
sword in his right hand, as one in a combat, buckler on his 
left arm, and even cuirassed, if fully clothed with his insig- 
nia and decorations. When the Prince Visitor, thus enter- 
ing, is in the West, between the Wardens, and accompanied 
by the four delegates of the Lodge, he will salute, first the 
Master, then the North, then the South, and then the two 
Wardens. Immediately after this ceremony he will give 
the sign of the degree in which the body is working, which 
will be repeated by the Master and by all the Brethren to- 
gether ; and then the Master will say, " To order, my Breth- 
ren /" Instantly all the Brethren on the North and South 
will together form an arch with their naked swords, or if 
they have none, with their outstretched arms, under which 
the Valorous Prince will pass with a grave step, until he 
comes to the Master. The Master will offer him the scep- 
tre, which he will accept and direct the work. The Master 
will report to him in regard to the work, and as to every 
thing that concerns the Order. But if he thinks proper, 
he will decline to receive the sceptre, leaving the Master 
to continue the work already begun ; and if the Valorous 



44 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

merciera de sa visite, l'insistera a la faire souvent, et lui 
offrira tous ses services, apres ce compliment, il frappera 
un grand coup et dira : tk A POrdre, mes Freres ! " ce qui 
sera repete par les Surveillants, et tous les F.\ F.\ du Nord 
et du Sud formeront une voute sous laquelle le Valeureux 
Prince, apres avoir salue le Maitre, passera, l'epee nue, 
comme un combattant. Arrive entre les deux Surveillants, 
il se retournera vers l'Orient, saluera le Maitre, au Nord 
et au Midi, et ensuite les deux Surveillants ; [et] toujours 
accompagne des quatre Deputes, il sortira de la Loge, dont 
les portes seront toutes grandes ouvertes, comme quand il 
est entre. Les quatre Deputes etant rentres, les travaux 
seront continues. 

3e. Tous les Princes de Jerusalem ne peuvent jouir de 
leurs privileges, quand il y a un Prince Adepte, Chevalier 
Noachite, ou un Souverain Prince du Royal Secret 
present ; mais ils peuvent faire leur entree avec tous 
les honneurs, si les Princes Sublimes present y con- 
sentent. 

4e. Les Princes de Jerusalem seront norames en Loge, 
Valeureux Princes; le Chevalier Adepte, de Souverain Prince; 
et les Chevaliers du Royal Secret, Illustres Souverains des 
Souverains Princes Sublimes ; les Chevaliers d'Orient, Excel- 
lents F.\ F.\ Chevaliers. Le Chevalier d'Orient aura le 
droit, quand un Prince de Jerusalem ne sera pas present, 
de demander compte exact de tout ce qui s'est passe en 
Loge, de voir si leurs Constitutions sont bonnes et en forme, 
et de mettre la paix entre les F.\ F.\ s'il existoit quelques 
froideurs ou contestations entr'eux ; d'exclure le plus ob- 
stine et ceux qui ne se soumettroient pas d'eux'memes aux 
statuts et loix qui leur sont presents par nos Secretes Con- 
stitutions et autres, soit en Loge de Perfection ou Sym- 
bolique. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 45 

Prince desires to retire before the Lodge is closed, he will 
so inform the Master or Th.\ Puissant, who will thank him 
for his visit, invite him to frequently repeat it, and tender 
him all the services in his power ; and after this compli- 
ment, the Master will give one rap, and say " To order, my 
Brethren /" This will be repeated by each Warden, and 
all the Brethren on the North and South will form a vault, 
under which the Valorous Prince, after saluting the Mas- 
ter, will pass, his naked sword in his hand, as if in a com- 
bat. When between the two Wardens, he will turn 
towards the East and salute the Master, the North, the 
South, and each Warden, in succession. Then, still accom- 
panied by the four delegates, he will retire from the Lodge, 
the doors standing wide open as when he entered. The 
four delegates having reentered, the work will be resumed. 

3d. A Prince of Jerusalem cannot exercise his privileges 
when there is also present a Prince Adept, Chevalier Noa- 
chite, or Sovereign Prince of the Royal Secret ; but he 
may enter with all the honours, if the Sublime Princes 
present assent thereto. 

4th. When present in a Lodge, Princes of Jerusalem will 
be addressed as Valiant Princes ; Knights Adepts as Sover- 
eign Princes ; Knights of the Royal Secret as Illustrious 
Sovereigns of the Sovereign Sublime Princes ; and Knights of 
the East as Excellent Brothers-Knights. A Knight of the 
East will have the right, when a Prince of Jerusalem is not 
present, to require a full account of whatever work has 
been done in the Lodge ; to see whether its Constitutions 
are valid and in form ; to reconcile matters among the 
brethren, if there be coldness or contention among them, 
and to exclude any one who obstinately refuses to submit, 
and any who will not of their own accord pay obedience 
to the Statutes and to the Laws contained in our Secret 
Constitutions and others, whether in a Lodge of Perfection 
or a Symbolic Lodge. 



46 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

5e. Les Valeureux Princes de Jerusalem ont le droit, 
ainsi que les Chevaliers d'Orient, de s'asseoir le chapeau 
sur la tete pendant les travaux des Loges de Perfection et 
Symboliques, s'ils le veulent. Neanmoins ils ne peuvent 
jouir de leurs privileges que quand ils sont regulierement 
connus et decores des ornements et attributs de leur dignite 

6e. Cinq Valeureux Princes de Jerusalem pourront formei 
un Conseil de Chevaliers d'Orient partout ou il n'y en aura 
pas d'etabli. Ils seront juges ; mais obliges de donner avis 
de leurs travaux au Souverain Grand Conseil, ainsi qu'au 
plus pres Inspecteur ou son Depute par ecrit. Ils y sont 
autorises par les pouvoirs qui en ont ete donnes a leurs II- 
lustres Predecesseurs par le peuple de Jerusalem, a leur 
retour d'ambassade a Babylone. 

ARTICLE XXXII. 

Pour etablir entre tous les Conseils particuliers, et parmi 
tous les illustres Chevaliers et Princes Macons une corres- 
pondance reguliere, ils enverront chaque annee au Souverain 
Grand Conseil, et a chaque [Grand] Conseil particulier, un 
etat General de tous les Conseils particuliers regulierement 
etablis, ainsi que les noms des Officiers du Souverain Grand 
Conseil des Sublimes Princes ; et donneront avis, dans le 
cours de l'annee, de tous les changements interessants qui 
pourroient avoir eu lieu depuis leur dernier etat.* 

ARTICLE XXXIII. 

Pour maintenir i'ordre et la discipline, le Souverain 
Grand Conseil des Princes Sublimes du Royal Secret ne 
s'assemblera pour proceder a aucun travail Magonnique 

* Cet article est entierement corrompu, et il doit, je crois, se lire comme 
suit : " Pour ( tablir, &c , ils enverront chaque annee au Souverain Gd. Con- 
seil, a chaque Grand Conseil particulier, et k tous les Conseils particuliers re- 
gulierement etablis, un etat g'n .ral de tous leurs membres, ainsi que les 
noms de leurs Officiers ; et donneront avis au Souverain Gd. Conseil des 
Sublimes Princes, dans le cours de l'anm'e. &c." 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 47 

5th. The Valorous Princes of Jerusalem and the Knights 
of the East are entitled to sit covered during the labours 
of a Lodge of Perfection or Symbolic Lodge, but they en- 
joy their privileges only when legally known, and when 
clothed with the decorations and insignia of their rank. 

6th. Five Valiant Princes of Jerusalem may form a 
Council of Knights of the East, wherever none has been 
established. They will be invested with judicial power, 
but must give an account of their work to the Sovereign 
Grand Council, and to the nearest Grand Inspector or his 
Deputy, in writing. Their authority as Judges is derived 
from the powers given their illustrious predecessors by the 
people of Jerusalem, on their return from their embassy to 
Babylon. 

ARTICLE XXXII. 

To establish among all the Subordinate Councils, and 
among all the Illustrious Knights and Princes-Masons, a 
regular system of correspondence, they will send every 
year to the Sovereign Grand Council, and to each particu- 
lar Council, a general statement of all the particular Coun- 
cils regularly constituted, and of the names of the officers 
of the Sovereign Grand Council of the Sublime Princes, 
and will give information, during the year, of any changes 
of importance since the last statement.* 

ARTICLE XXXIII. 

To maintain order and discipline, the Sovereign Grand 
Council of the Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret will 
meet but once a year, to proceed in their Masonic labours. 

* This article is evidently corrupted, and ought, I imagine, to read, "To es- 
tablish, &c. ; they will send every year to the Sov.\ Gr.\ Council, to each par- 
ticular Gr.\ Council, and to all the particular Councils regularly established, 
a general statement of all their members, and the names of their officers, and 
will report to the Sov.\ Gr.\ Council, during the course of the year, all 
changes of importance sin-c the last statement." 



48 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

qu'une fois par an ; alors personne ne sera admis au Sublime 
et dernier Grade de la Maconnerie que les trois plus anciens 
Chevaliers Adeptes, qui seront proclames a la Grande 
Loge du Grand Elu Parfait Maitre, soit en Conseil, Chapi- 
tre, etc. 

ARTICLE XXXIV. 

JOURS DE Fetes que les Chevaliers Princes Maqons et Val- 
eureitx Princes de Jerusalem sont tenus de celebrer particuliere- 
ment : 

10. Le 20 Novembre ; jour memorable, ou leurs ancetres 
firent leur entree a Jerusalem. 

20. Le 23 Fevrier, pour louer le Seigneur a l'occasion de 
la reconstruction du Temple, 

30. Les Chevaliers d'Orient celebrent le Saint Jour de la 
re-edification du Temple de Dieu, le 22 Mars et le 22 Sep- 
tembre, jours d'equinoxes ou renouvellement des jours 
longs et courts, en memoire de ce que le Temple fut bati 
deux fois. Tous les Princes Macons sont obliges d'aller au 
Conseil d'Orient, pour celebrer ces deux jours ; et les tra- 
vaux n'en seront ouverts qu'avec les ceremonies d'usage. 

40. Le Grand Elu Parfait celebrera aussi en outre et en 
particulier la dedicace du premier Temple, le 5e jour de la 
3e Lune, qui re*pond a notre mois de Juillet, ou les Cheva- 
liers et Princes Macons seront decor£s de tous leurs orne- 
ments. 

ARTICLE XXXV. 

Un Conseil particulier des Princes du Royal Secret ne 
pourra exceder le nombre de 15, y compris les Officiers. 

Chaque annee, le jour de St. Jean l'Evangeliste,* chaque 
Grand Conseil particulier doit nommer neuf Ofiiciers, non 
compris le President qui doit etre toujours continue trois 
ans. 

* ' Baptiste' : Aveilhe's copy. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 49 

At such meeting there will be admitted to the Sublime and 
last degree of Masonry no more than three of the oldest 
Knights Adepts, who will be proclaimed in the Grand 
Lodge of Grand Elect Perfect Masters, whether in Council, 
Chapter, etc. 

ARTICLE XXXIV. 

FEAST-DAYS, which the Knights Princes-Masons and Valor- 
ous Princes of Jerusalem are bound specially to celebrate. 

1st. The 20th of November, the memorable day when 
their ancestors made their entry into Jerusalem. 

2d. The 23d of February, to praise the Lord on account 
of the rebuilding of the Temple. 

3d. The Knights of the East will celebrate the Holy Day 
of the rebuilding of the Temple of God, the 22d of March 
and the 22d of September, which are the equinoctial days, 
when the day and the night respectively begin to lengthen ; 
in memory of the fact that the Temple was twice builded. 
All the Princes-Masons are bound to attend the Council 
of the East to celebrate these two days ; and that body 
must, on such occasion, be opened in due form. 

4th. The Grand Elect Perfect [Masons] will also and in 
a special manner celebrate the dedication of the First Tem- 
ple on the 5th day of the third month, which answers to 
our month of July ; on which occasion the Knights and 
Princes-Masons are to wear all their decorations. 



ARTICLE XXXV. 

A particular Council of the Princes of the Royal Secret 
can consist of no more than fifteen members, the officers 
included. 

Every year, on the day of St. John the Evangelist, every 
Grand Particular Council must elect nine officers, not in- 
cluding the President, who is always to serve three years. 



50 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

i°. Le Lieutenant-Commandant, qui preside en l'ab- 
sence du Souverain Grand Commandant. 

2°. Le Grand Surveillant, qui preside en l'absence 
des deux premiers. 

3°. Le Grand Garde des Sceaux ou Grand Secre- 
taire. 

4°. Le Grand Tresorier. 

5°. Le Grand Capitaine des Gardes. 

6°. Le Grand Introducteur. 

7°. Le Grand MaItre Architecte ou Ingenieur. 

8°. Le Grand Hospitalier. 

9°. Le Grand Orateur ou Ministre d'ETAT (qui doit 
etre le 6e).* 

Tous les autres reunis sous les ordres du Souverain des 
Souverains Princes et [ou ?] son Lieutenant-Commandant, 
restent sans changement, et il ne peut en etre admis au- 
cun autre au-dela du nombre 15. 

Ce Grand Conseil est sujet au Grand Inspecteur ou son 
Depute, comme Chef, et reconnu comme tel dans toutes les 
occasions, et sous l'obeissance de leur Conseil, pour ce qui 
concerne l'Art Royal, ainsi que dans les Grades inferieurs. 



Nous, Souverains des Souverains Princes Sublimes du 
Royal Secret de l'Ordre Royal et Militaire de la plus Re- 
spectable Fraternite, des Libres et Acceptes Ma§ons, avons 
deliberes et r6solus que ces presents Statuts, Reglemens et 
Constitutions seront observ6s. 

Ordonnons a nos Grands Inspecteurs et leurs Deputes 
de faire lire et recevoir, soit dans tous les Conseils particu- 

* J'ai faite cette correction dans la traduction. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 5 1 

ist. The Lieutenant-Commander, who presides in the 
absence of the Sovereign Grand Commander. 

2d. The Grand Warden, who presides in the absence 
of the two former. 

3d. The Grand Keeper of the Seals, or Grand Sec- 
retary. 

4th. The Grand Treasurer. 

5th. The Grand Captain of the Guards. 

6th. The Grand Orator, or Minister of State. 

7th. The Grand Usher. 

8th. The Grand Master Architect, or Engineer. 

9th. The Grand Hospitaller. 

All the other members, united under the orders of the 
Sovereign of the Sovereign Princes, or of his Lieutenant 
Commander, remain without change ; and no member can 
be admitted, if thereby the number will exceed fifteen in 
all. 

This Grand Council is subject to the Grand Inspector 
or his Deputy, as its Chief, to be recognized as such on all 
occasions ; and it is subordinate to the Council in whatever 
concerns the Royal Art, both in the high and the inferior 
degrees. 



We, Sovereign of the Sovereign Sublime Princes of the 
Royal Secret, of the Royal and Military Order of the Most 
Worshipful Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons, have 
determined, and do resolve, that these present Statutes, 
Regulations and Constitutions shall be observed. 

And we do order our Grand Inspectors and their Depu- 
ties to cause them to be read and received, as well in all 



52 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

liers, Chapitres et Loges Royales et dans aucune autre 
quelconque. 

* Au Grand Orient de Bordeaux, sous la Celeste Voute, 
les jours et ans susdits. 

Certifie sincere et veritable, conforme a. la remise qui en 
a ete faite par l'lllustre F.\ Hyman Isaac Long, aux Ar- 
chives du Grand Conseil des Souverains Princes du Royal 
Secret a l'Orient de Charleston, Caroline du Sud, et cer- 

* La conclusion et attestation dans la copie d'Aveilhe sont comme suit: 

"Au Grand Orient de Paris et Bordeaux sous la Voute Celeste, les jours 
et an susdits. 

Nous soussignes, Deputes Inspecteurs Generaux et Princes Macons, etc., 
etc., etc., certifions que les Reglemens et Constitutions transcrits des autres 
parts et donnes par la Grande Loge et Souverain Grand Conseil des Sublimes 
Princes de la Maconnerie, au Grand Orient de France, au tres puissant et 
respectable frere Etienne Morin sont conformes a l'original, dont il a trans- 
mis copie au tris respectable frere Francken, Depute Grand Inspecteur en 
ITsle de la Jama'ique, et encore conformes a la copie dument en forme qu'on 
a remis dans les Archives de la Loge Sublime, a l'Orient de Charleston [par] 
le tres respectable frere Hyman Isaac Long, lorsqu'il a constitute ; et que toy 
doit y etre ajoutee. 

A l'Orient de Charleston, Caroline du Sud, le 9me jour du 4me mois ap- 
pelle Tammuz, de l'annee 5557 de la Restauration et de Pere Vulgaire le 9 
juin 1797. 

Sig}ies. . . H. I. Long, Depute Inspecteur General Prince Macon, etc., etc., 
etc. ; Delahogue, Depute Inspecteur General Prince Macon, etc., etc., etc. ; Au- 
guste De Grasse, Depute Inspecteur G'l Prince Macon, etc., etc., etc. ; Saint 
Paul, Depute Grand Inspecteur P'ce Macon, etc., etc., etc. ; Robin, Depute 
Grand Inspecteur P'ce. Macon, etc., etc., etc., et Petit, Depute Inspecteur G'l. 
Prince Macon, etc., etc., etc. 

Je Soussigne Depute Grand Inspecteur General Prince Macon, etc., etc., etc., 
certifie que les Reglemens et Constitutions cy-dessus et des autres parts trans- 
crits est conforme a la copie qui m'en a ete transmise par les cy-dessus sous- 
signes ; et quelle est fidellement extraite de mon registre, et que foy doit y 
estre ajoutee. 

Au Port au-Prince, le ioeme jour du ioeme mois appelle Thebat de Pan 
5557, de la Restauration, et de l'Ere Vulgaire le 10 Decembre 1797. B'te 
Aveilhe, D. G. I. G. & M. 

[Et a la marge] Vu par nous a Charleston, le 12 Mars 5802. Auguste de 
Grasse, K. H. P. R. S. Souverain Grand Inspecteur General du 33me degre, 
Souverain Grand Commandeur pour les Isles Franchises de l'Amerique du 
vent el sous le vent. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 53 

particular Councils, Chapters and Royal Lodges, as in all 
other bodies whatsoever. 

* Done at the Grand Orient of Bordeaux, under the 
Celestial Vault, the day and year above mentioned. 

Certified to be a true and correct copy, conformably to 
that deposited by the 111.*. Bro.\ Hyman Isaac Long, in the 
archives of the Grand Council of the Sovereign Princes 
of the Royal Secret at the Orient of Charleston, South 

* The conclusion and attestation in Aveilhes copy are as follows ; 

"Done at the Grand Orient of Paris and Bordeaux, under the Celestial 
Vault, the day and year aforesaid. 

" We, the undersigned, Deputy Inspectors General and Princes Masons, etc., 
etc., etc., do certify that the Regulations and Constitutions above transcribed 
and furnished by the Grand Lodge and Sovereign Grand Council at the Grand 
Orient of France to the Th.\ P.". and Resp.\ Bro.\ Stephen Morin, agree 
with the original, whereof he delivered a copy to the Th.\ Resp.-. Bro.\ 
Francken, Deputy Grand Inspector in the Island of Jamaica ; and that they 
also agree* with the copy thereof in due form deposited in the archives of the 
Sublime Lodge at the Orient of Charleston by the Th.\ Resp \ Bro.* Hyman 
Isaac Long, when he constituted that body ; and that full faith and credit 
should be given thereto. 

"Orient of Charleston, South Carolina, the gth day of the 4th month 
called Tammuz, of the year 5557 of the Restoration, and of the Vulgar Era, 
#th June, 1797. 

"Signed: H. I. Long, Deputy Inspector General, Prince Mason, etc., etc., 
etc. ; Delahogue, Deputy Inspector General, Prince Mason, etc., etc , etc.; 
Auguste de Grasse, Deputy Inspector General, Prince Mason, etc., etc., etc.; 
Saint Paul, Deputy Grand Inspector, Prince Mason, etc., etc., etc., Robin, 
Deputy Grand Inspector, Prince Mason, etc., etc., etc.; and Petit, Deputy 
Grand Inspector, Prince Mason, etc., etc., etc. 

" 1, the undersigned, Deputy Grand Inspector General, Prince Mason, etc., 
etc., etc., do certify that the Regulations and Constitutions above and herein- 
before transcribed agree with the copy furnished by the above named; that 
the same are faithfully copied from my register, and that full faith and credit 
ought to be given them. 

" Port-au Prince, the roth day of the 10th month called Thebat, of the year 
of the Restoration 5557, and of the Vulgar Era the 10th December, 1797. 

" B'te Aveilue, 

" D. G. I. G. and M. 

[And in the margin.] "Vised by me at Charleston, the 12th of March, 5S02. 
Auguste de Grasse, K.\ H.\ P.-. R . S.\, Sov.\ Grand Inspector General of 
the 33d Degree, Sov \ Gr.\ Commander for the Windward a. id Leeward 
French Isles of America." 



54 



CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 



tifie par luy et signe comrae Depute Grand Inspecteur 
General et Prince Macon. 

J'n B'te M'ie Delahogue, 
Depute G'd Insp. G'l P'e Macon. 

Souverain Grand Commandeur & — — 53 
du C'l Sublime, Orient de 
Charleston, C. du Sud. 
A'dre F. Auguste de Grasse, 
Grand Garde des Sceaux et Archives. 



SCEAU 

DU 

GR.\ CONS, 

e a 



r* H. 




CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 55 

Carolina, and is certified and signed by him in his cha- 
racter of Deputy Grand Inspector General and Prince 
Mason. 

J'n B'te M'ie Delahogue, 
Dep'y Gr.\ Insp.\ Gen.-. Pr.\ M'n, BT 
Sov.\ Gr.\ Commander of the Subl.\ 
Council, O.'. of Charleston, South Carolina. £5 — — £2 
A'dre F. Auguste de Grasse, 

Grand Keeper of the Seals and Archives. 



SEAL OP 

THE 

GB. COUNCIL. 



OP I 

1 
NCIL.| 



STATUTS ET REGLEMENS 

POUR LE GOT7VERNEMENT DE 

TOUTES LES LOGES ROYALES REGULIEttES DE PERFECTION 



TRATSTSMIS PAR LE 



SOUVERAIN GRAND CONSEIL DES PRINCES SUBLIMES 
DU KOTAL SECRET, 

A BERLIN, PARIS ET BORDEAUX. 




ARTICLE I. 

|ULLES Loges de Grand Elu,Parfait Mattre Sub- 
lime ne pourroient proceder a aucuns travaux 
magonniques, soit pour election ou reception, a 
moins qu'elles ne soient munies de Constitutions 

des Princes Sublimes du Royal Secret ou Grand Inspec- 

teur de TOrdre ou son Depute, dument signees et scellees ; 

a defaut de quoi elles seront reputees irregulieres, et ses 

travaux declares nuls. 

ARTICLE II. 

Aucune Loge de Grand filu,Parfait Maitre Sublime ne 
peut avoir correspondance avec aucune autre, excepte cel- 
les envoyees par le Secretaire General du Grand Conseil 
au Grand Inspecteur ou son Depute, et communiquees par 
eux. 

ARTICLE III. 

Quand une Lodge de Perfection connoitra ou decouvrira 

une Loge de Perfection qui ne sera pas comprise dans 
(56) 



STATUTES AND REGULATIONS 

FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF ALL 

REGULAR LODGES OF PERFECTION, 

TRANSMITTED BY THE 

SOVEREIGN GRAND COUNCIL OF THE SUBLIME PRINCES OF THE 
ROYAL SECRET, 

AT BERLIN, PARIS, AND BORDEAUX. 




ARTICLE I. 

O Lodges of Grand Elect, Perfect and Sublime 
Masters can proceed to do any Masonic work, 
whether of election or reception, unless they are 
furnished with Constitutions from the Sublime 
Princes of the Royal Secret, or from a Grand Inspector of 
the Order or his Deputy, duly signed and sealed, without 
which they are to be regarded as irregular, and their work 
declared null. 

ARTICLE II. 

No Lodge of Grand Elect, Perfect and Sublime Masters 
can correspond with any other, except such as are report- 
ed by the Secretary-General of the Grand Council to the 
Grand Inspector or his Deputy, and by these communi- 
cated. 

ARTICLE III. 

Whenever a Lodge of Perfection is made acquainted with 
the existence of another Lodge of Perfection, not included 

(57) 



58 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

l'etat delivre par le Grand Inspecteur ou son Depute, elle 
doit en donner avis sur le champ au Grand Inspecteur ou 
son Depute, pour qu'il en soit communique au Grand 
Conseil. 

ARTICLE IV. 

Si quelques freres s'assembloient irregulierement pour 
initier quelqu'uns a ce grade, ils doivent etre reprimanded; 
aucuns macons d'une Loge reguliere ne doivent les recon- 
noitre ni les visiter sous telles peines prononcees par les 
loix des Loges de Perfection. 

ARTICLE V. 

Si une Loge Royale de Grand Elu, Parfait et Sublime 
Maitre, pour cause de mauvaise conduite excluoit un de ses 
membres, elle doit en donner immediatement avis au Grand 
Inspecteur ou son Depute pour qu'il le puisse transmettre 
aux Loges regulieres ainsi qu'au Grand Conseil. Si une 
Loge reguliere enfreignoit les loix, qui lui ont ete imposees 
par l'engagement solemnel de nos Secretes Constitutions, 
ou refusoit de se soumettre et de demander pardon de la 
maniere la plus soumise par une petition signee de tous ses 
membres, confessans leurs fautes, et en prouvant qu'ils ont 
cesses leurs travaux jusqu'a ce qu'il plut au Grand Conseil 
des Princes Sublimes de les relever de leur interdiction, 
d'obtenir leur pardon, et de les faire rentrer en faveur. 

ARTICLE VI. 

Toutes les Loges regulieres qui obtiendront de nouveaux 
Grades relatifs a l'ordre en general, doivent en donner avis 
immediatement au Grand Inspector ou son Depute. 

ARTICLE VII. 

Les presents Statuts et Reglemens doivent etre lus k 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 59 

in the list furnished itself by the Grand Inspector or his 
Deputy, it should at once advise the Grand Inspector or 
his Deputy thereof, that it may be made known to the 
Grand Council. 

ARTICLE IV. 

If any brethren assemble irregularly, for the purpose of 
initiating persons into this degree, they should be repri- 
manded ; and no Mason of a regular Lodge can recognize 
or visit them, on pain of such penalties as the laws of the 
Lodges of Perfection shall prescribe. 

ARTICLE V. 

If a Royal Lodge of Grand Elect, Perfect and Sublime 
Masters should expel one of its members for misconduct, 
information thereof must forthwith be given to the Grand 
Inspector or his Deputy, that he may be able to notify 
thereof the other regular Lodges and the Grand Council. 
If a regular Lodge should violate the laws imposed upon it 
by the solemn provisions of our Secret Constitutions, or 
should refuse to submit and to ask forgiveness in the most 
dutiful manner by a petition signed by all the members, 
confessing their fault, and showing at the same time that 
they have ceased to work until such time as it shall please 
the Grand Council of the Sublime Princes to relieve them 
from interdict, to pardon them, and receive them again into 
favour. 

ARTICLE VI. 

Any new Lodge that may come into possession of new 
degrees, connected with the Order in general, should imme- 
diately make the same known to the Grand Inspector or his 
Deputy. 

ARTICLE VII. 

The present Statutes and Regulations must be read to 



60 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

chaque frere, lorsqu'il recoit le Grade de Royale Arche. 
II promettra de les suivre exactement, et de reconnoitre 
aussi en tous temps les Chevaliers d' Orient, Princes de Je- 
rusalem, Chevaliers d'Orient et d'Occident, Chevaliers de 
l'Aigle Blanc, Chevalier de Rose Croix, Patriarche Noa- 
chite, Royale Hache, Grand Pontif, Chevalier et Prince 
Adept, Chevaliers de l'Aigle Blanc et Noir et les Souve- 
rains Princes du Royal Secret, etc., ainsi que les Grands In- 
specteurs et leurs Deputes, pour leurs chefs, qu'ils promet- 
tent de respecter, et d'obeir a leurs conseils en ce qui leur 
sera present. lis doivent aussi promettre d'augmenter de 
zele, ferveur et Constance pour l'ordre, a fin de parvenir 
un jour au Grade de Grand Elu, Parfait Maitre Sublime, 
et enfin d'etre soumis et obeissant au Statuts et Reglemens 
presentement faits et a faire a l'avenir par les Princes Souve- 
rains, chefs de l'Ordre de la Magonnerie, et leur rendront 
tous les honneurs qui leur sont presents ; et signeront une 
soumission en forme, pour donner plus de force a leur obli- 
gation. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

Toutes les Loges de Grands Elus, Parfaits Maitres et Sub- 
limes doivent etre composees de neuf Officiers; le nombre 
general des freres ne devant pas exceder celui de vingt- 
sept. Dans les neuf Officiers, le Trois-Fois-Parfait n'est 
pas compris. II represente Salomon. Hiram, Roi de Tyr, 
est a sa droite, en Tabsence du Grand Inspecteur ou son 
Depute. 

i°. A droite,* le Grand Garde des Sceaux, representant 
Galaad, fils de Sophonia, chef des Levites. 

2°. Le Grand Tresorier, representant Guibulum, confi- 
dent de Salomon, devant la table des pains de proposition. 

* ' A la gauche du trois fois Puissant ; ' Aveilhe's copy, which I follow in 
the translation, is evidently correct. The order in which the Officers are 
named, is different in the two copies, and they vary in other respects. I have 
corrected the errors, as far as possible. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 6l 

every Bro.\ when he receives the degree of Royal Arch. He 
must promise punctually to obey them, and at all times to 
recognize the Knights of the East, Princes of Jerusalem, 
Knights of the East and West, Knights of the White Eagle, 
Knights Rose Croix, Patriarchs Noachite, Knights of the 
Royal Axe, Grand Pontiffs, Knights Princes x\depts, Knights 
of the White and Black Eagle, Sovereign Princes of the 
Royal Secret, and the Grand Inspectors and their Deputies, 
as his Chiefs, whom he must promise to respect, and their 
counsel to follow in whatever they direct. He must also 
promise to increase in zeal, fervour, and constancy for the 
Order, to the end that he may one day attain to the degree 
of Grand Elect, Perfect and Sublime Mason ; and to be sub- 
missive and obedient to the Statutes and Regulations here- 
tofore made, or that may hereafter be made by the Sover- 
eign Princes, Chiefs of the Order of Masonry, and that he 
will pay them all the honours to which they are entitled : 
and to add more force to such obligation, he must sign a 
submission in due form. 



ARTICLE VIII. 

Every Lodge of Grand Elect, Perfect and Sublime Ma- 
sons should have nine officers; including whom, the number 
of members should not exceed twenty-seven. The Th.\ Puis- 
sant is not counted among the nine officers. He represents 
Solomon. Hiram, King of Tyre, sits on his right, in the 
absence of the Grand Inspector or his Deputy. 

ist. The Grand Keeper of the Seals, representing Gala- 
had, son of Sophonia, Chief of the Levites, who sits on the 
left of the Thy. Puissant. 

2d. The Grand Treasurer, representing Guibulum, the 
confidant of Solomon, who sits in front of the table of shew- 
bread. 



62 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

3°. Le Grand Orateur, representant Abdamon, aupres de 
la table des parfums, au Nord, celui qui expliqua plusieurs 
enigmes a Salomon, et expliqua les caracteres hieroglyphes 
graves sur des pieces de marble trouvees dans les anciennes 
ruines d'Enoch, sur la montagne Acheldama. 

4°. Le Grand Secretaire, favori des deux Rois allies, rep- 
resentant Joabert, place au Sud, vis a vis la table des par- 
fums. 

5°. A l'Occident, le premier Grand Surveillant Adonhi- 
ram, fils d'Abda, Prince Harodin du Liban, qui, apres la 

mort d'H Ab , eut l'inspection des travaux du Liban, 

et fut le premier des sept Maitres Secrets. 

6°. A l'Occident, a gauche du premier Grand Surveillant, 
le second Grand Surveillant, representant Mahabon, le plus 
zele Maitre de son temps, grand ami d'H Ab 

7°. Au Nord, le Grand Maitre des Ceremonies, repre- 
sentant Stolkin, un des trois qui decouvrirent les neuf 
Arches et le Delta. 

8°. Entre les deux Grands Surveillants, le Capitaine des 
Gardes, qui represente Bendia ou Zerbal, qui avait cet em- 
ploi quand les deux Rois firent alliance. 

9°. Un Tuilleur, ou deux, pour que la Loge soit bien gar- 
dee. 



ARTICLE IX. 

On doit proceder une fois chaque annee a, Felection du 
nouveau trois-fois-Puissant, et des nouveaux Officiers. II 
n'y a qu'un Prince de Jerusalem quipuisse remplir la chaire. 
L'election doit etre faite le troisieme du douzieme mois, ap- 
pelle Adar, qui repond au 21 Fevrier, jour memorable de 
l'annee 2995, quand le precieux tresor fut trouve par trois 
zeles Maitres Magons, sous les ruines de notre ancien Patri- 
arche Enoch. La maniere de choisir, soit les Officiers ou 
le Candidat, depend des loix particulieres de la Loge, ex- 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 63 

3d. The Grand Orator, representing Abdamon, who ex- 
plained to Solomon many enigmas, and the hieroglyphics 
engraven on the pieces of marble found in the ancient ruins 
of Enoch on the mountain Aceldama ; who sits near the 
Altar of Incense in the North. 

4th. The Grand Secretary, representing Joabert, the fa- 
vourite of the two allied Kings ; who sits in the South, op- 
posite the Altar of Incense. 

5th. The Senior Grand Warden, representing Adonhiram, 
son of Abda, Prince Harodin of Libanus, who, after the 

death of H Ab , was Inspector of the laborers on 

Mount Libanus, and the first of the Seven Secret Masters ; 
who sits in the West. 

6th. The Junior Grand Warden, representing Mahabon, 
the most zealous Master of his time, and a great friend of 
H Ab ; who sits in the West, on the left of the Se- 
nior Gr.\ Warden. 

7th. The Grand Master of Ceremonies, representing Stol- 
kin, one of the three who discovered the nine Arches and 
the Delta; who sits in the North. 

8th. The Captain of the Guards, representing Bendia or 
Zerbal, who held that office during the alliance of the two 
kings, and who sits between the two Grand Wardens. 

9th. One Tiler, or two, that the Lodge may be well 
guarded. 

ARTICLE IX. 

The Th.\ Puissant and other officers are to be elected 
once in each year. No one but a Prince of Jerusalem can 
be elected to preside. The election is to be held on the 3d 
day of the 12th month, called Adar, which answers to the 
2 1 st of February, that memorable day of the year 2995, 
when the precious treasure was found by three zealous 
Master Masons under the ruins of our ancient patriarch 
Enoch. The mode of electing either of the officers or a 
candidate depends on the particular Laws of the Lodge ; 



64 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

cepte quand les Officiers sont choisis, ils doivent preter leur 
obligation au Grand Inspecteur ou son Depute, de remplir 
leurs offices avec zele, Constance, ferveur et affection envers 
leurs freres. 

ARTICLE X. 

Tout espece de parti et de cabale est absolument defendu 
a l'election des officiers sous peine d'etre exclus et d'avoir 
ses noms rayes de l'Orient. 

ARTICLE XL 

Tous les ff.\ seront decores en Loge de toutes leurs dig- 
nites. Un frere qui entrera en Loge sans ses ornements ou 
Fenseigne d'un degre superieur, sera prive de sa voix pour 
cette fois, et paiera, au tresor, l'amende que la Loge lui in- 
fligera. 

ARTICLE XII. 

Les Loges de Perfection doivent etre tenues aux jours et 
heures nommes, dont les freres composans la Loge auront 
regulierement avis par le Secretaire, et d'avance, afin qu'en 
cas que quelques affaires de consequence empechassent 
quelques freres de s'y rendre, ils puissent en donner avis le 
matin au Secretaire par ecrit, qui en rendra compte a l'As- 
semblee du soir ; sous les peines que le trois-fois-Puissant 
et la Loge prononcera. 

ARTICLE XIII. 

Toutes Loges de Grand Elu, Parfait et Sublime Macon 
doivent se visiter par deputation ou correspondance, le plus 
souvent possible, et se procurer mutuellement toutes les 
lumieres qu'elles acquereront. 

ARTICLE XIV. 

Le Grand Secretaire delivrera a chaque F.\ en cas de voy- 
age, un certificat signe par le trois-fois-Puissant, les Surveil- 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 65 

but when the officers have been elected, they must take an 
obligation, to the Grand Inspector or his Deputy, that they 
will perform the duties of their office with zeal, constancy, 
fervour, and affection towards their brethren. 

ARTICLE X. 

Every thing- like party organization and cabal is abso- 
lutely prohibited in connection with the election of officers, 
on pain of expulsion and erasure of name from the Orient. 

ARTICLE XI. 

All the Brethren must in open Lodge wear all their dec- 
orations. A Bro.\ who enters a Lodge without his orna- 
ments or the insignia of some higher degree, shall lose his 
right to vote at that meeting, and pay into the Treasury 
such fine as the Lodge shall impose. 

ARTICLE XII. 

Lodges of Perfection are to be held on the days and at 
the hours specified, whereof the Brethren composing the 
Lodge shall have due notice from the Secretary, in order 
that if business of importance prevents any Bro.\ from at- 
tending, he may advise the Secretary thereof by letter, on 
the morning of the day of meeting, whereof the Secretary 
shall inform the Lodge in the evening ; this under such 
penalties as the Th.\ Puissant and the Lodge may deter- 
mine. 

ARTICLE XIII. 

All Lodges of Grand Elect, Perfect and Sublime Masons 
must mutually visit each other, by deputations or corres- 
pondence, as frequently as possible, and communicate to 
each other whatever light they may acquire. 

ARTICLE XIV. 

The Grand Secretary shall issue to every Brother who 
is about to travel, a certificate signed by the Th.\ Puissant, 



66 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

lants et le Grand Garde des Sceaux, qui y fixera le sceau 
de la Loge ; et contresigne du Grand Secretaire. La signa- 
ture du Fr.\ qui le regoit sera apposee en marge. 



ARTICLE XV. 

Les Grands Elus, Parfaits et Sublimes Magons peuvent 
recevoir les ff.\ qui en sont dignes, et qui ont remplis des 
dignites dans les Loges Symboliques, dans tous les Grades 
qui precedent la Perfection, tels que le Maitre Secret, le 
Maitre Parfait, le Secretaire Intime, Prevot et Juge, Inten- 
dant des Batiments, Elu des Neuf, Elu des Quinze, Cheva- 
lier Illustre, Grand Maitre Architecte, [et] Chevalier de 
Royale Arche. Le trois-fois-Puissant peut donner trois 
Grades en meme temps a chaque frere, en recompense de 
son zele ; et enfin le Grand Elu, Parfait et Sublime Magon, 
lorsque le temps sera accompli. 

ARTICLE XVI. 

Outre les Jours de fete du 24 Juin et 27 Decembre, le 
Grand Elu, Parfait et Sublime Magon celebrera chaque 
annee la reedification du Premier Temple du Seigneur, le 
5 Octobre. Le plus ancien Prince et le plus haut en Grade 
presidera, et les deux Surveillants-s'ils sont les moins an- 
ciens, seront remplaces par les plus anciens en grades, que le 
President nommera ; ainsi dans le meme ordre tous les 
autres Officiers. 

ARTICLE XVII. 

Toutes petitions quelconques seront faites par un Grand 
Elu, Parfait et Sublime Magon, et alors les plus jeunes don- 
neront leur avis ; et quand un candidat sera propose en 
Loge, il faut qu'il soit reconnu avoir du respect et de l'at- 
tachement a sa religion, d'une vraie probite et discretion, 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 67 

the Wardens, and the Grand Keeper of the Seals, who 
shall thereto affix the seal of the Lodge ; and countersigned 
by the Grand Secretary. The signature of the Brother to 
whom it is granted must appear in the margin 

ARTICLE XV. 

The Grand Elect, Perfect and Sublime Masons may ad- 
mit to the degree of Perfection such brethren as are worthy 
thereof, and who have held office in Symbolic Lodges; 
and to all the degrees that precede that of Perfection, to 
wit, Secret Master, Perfect Master, Confidential Secretary, 
Provost and Judge, Intendant of the Buildings, Elect of 
the Nine, Elect of the Fifteen, Illustrious Knight, Grand 
Master Architect, and Knight of the Royal Arch. The 
Th.\ Puissant may confer three degrees at one and the 
same time on each Bro.\, by way of reward for zealous 
service ; and finally the degree of Grand Elect, Perfect and 
Sublime Mason, when the proper time has elapsed. 

ARTICLE XVI. 

Besides the Feast-days of the 24th June and 27th De- 
cember, the Grand Elect, Perfect and Sublime Masons 
must every year, on the 5th of October, celebrate the re- 
building of the first Temple of the Lord. The Prince who 
is oldest and highest in degree will preside ; and if the two 
Wardens be of inferior degree, their places will be filled 
by such brethren, higher in degree, as the President shall 
appoint ; and so with all the other officers. 

ARTICLE XVII. 

All matters whatever must be proposed by a Grand 
Elect, Perfect and Sublime Mason, and the Members will 
vote in order, commencing with the youngest ; and when- 
ever a candidate is proposed to the Lodge, it must be shown 
that he respects and is attached to his religion, that he is a 



68 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

et qu'il ait donnes des preuves de son zele, ferveur et con- 
stance pour l'Ordre et ses freres. 



ARTICLE XVIII 

Lorsque les Surveillants sont avertis par le trois-fois- 
Puissant de son intention de tenir Loge, ils doivent l'assis- 
ter, et contribuer de toute leur puissance au bonheur de la 
Loge ; et alors le Grand Maitre des Ceremonies sera averti 
avant, pour preparer la Loge. 

ARTICLE XIX. 

Le Grand Garde des Sceaux preparera les sceaux pour 
les receptions, tiendra tout en ordre, et mettra les sceaux a 
tous les certificats ou autres pieces signes par les Officiers 
de la Loge. 

ARTICLE XX. 

Le Grand Orateur fera des discours a. chaque reception 
et en mejme temps sur l'excellence de l'Ordre. II instruira 
les nouveaux FF.\, leur expliquera les Mysteres, les exhor- 
tera a continuer leur zele, ferveur et Constance, pour qu'ils 
puissent un jour arriver au grade de Grand Elu, Parfait et 
Sublime Ma$on. S'il a observe quelque indiscretion dans 
les FF.\ ou quelques disputes entre eux, il en informera la 
Loge pour qu'on puisse travailler a, leur reconciliation. 

ARTICLE XXI. 

Le Grand Tre'sorier gardera tous les fonds des charites 
ainsi que des receptions, et il tiendra un livre de compte 
toujours pret a etre inspecte par la Loge ; et com me la 
charite est un devoir indispensable parmi les Macons, les 
FF.\ doivent participer a ces fonds par des contributions 
voiontaires selon leurs facultes. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 69 

person of true probity and discretion, and that he has given 
proofs of his zeal, fervour and constancy for the Order and 
his brethren. 

ARTICLE XVIII. 

When the Wardens are notified by the Th.\ Puissant of 
his intention to hold a Lodge, they must attend, and with 
all their might advance the prosperity of the Lodge. The 
Master of Ceremonies must also be notified, in advance, 
that he may prepare the Hall. 

ARTICLE XIX. 

The Grand Keeper of the Seals will have the seals ready 
for receptions, set every thing in order, and affix the seals 
to all certificates, or other documents signed by the Offi- 
cers of the Lodge. 

ARTICLE XX. 

The Grand Orator will deliver a discourse at each recep- 
tion, enlarging therein upon the excellence of the Order. 
He will instruct the new brethren, explain to them the 
Mysteries, and exhort them not to slacken in their zeal, 
fervour, and constancy, that they may attain to the degree 
of Grand Elect, Perfect, and Sublime Mason. If he has 
noticed any indiscretions on the part of any brethren, or 
any disputes among them, he will advise the Lodge thereof, 
that it may endeavor to bring about a reconciliation. 

ARTICLE XXI. 

The Grand Treasurer will safely keep all funds devoted 
to charitable purposes, as well as moneys received for re- 
ceptions. He will keep a regular book of accounts, at all 
times ready to be examined by the Lodge ; and, as Charity 
is an indispensable duty among Masons, the brethren 
should voluntarily contribute to the fund for that purpose, 
each according to his means. 



70 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

ARTICLE XXII. 

Le Grand Secretaire tiendra un registre de toutes les 
affaires, bien 6crit, et toujours pret a etre inspect6 par la 
Loge, le Grand Inspecteur ou son Depute. II enverra tons 
les ordres, donnes par le Trois-fois-Puissant assez a temps 
pour qu'ils puissent etre remis avec certitude. II doit pre- 
parer toutes les r6quisitions a transmettre a la Loge, au 
Grand Conseil et au Grand Inspecteur ou son Depute, 
ainsi que dans quelques parties etrangeres, et il aura le plus 
grand soin de tenir les archives de son office dans le plus 
grand ordre. 

ARTICLE XXIII. 

Le Maitre des Ceremonies doit etre de bonne heure au 
Temple pour tout preparer, arm que les travaux ne soient 
pas retard6s. II est toujours un des examinateurs et intro- 
ducteur de tous les visiteurs selon leurs grades. En conse- 
quence, il doit etre tres instruit des dignites et avoir la 
confiance de la Loge. 

ARTICLE XXIV. 

Le Capitaine des Gardes a l'inspection sur le Tuilleur. 
II doit s'assurer si la Loge est bien couverte : il prend tous 
les visiteurs, avec son chapeau sur la tete et Tep6e a la 
main, excepte* pour les Princes Macons, devant lesquels il 
doit avoir la tete decouverte. II avertirale Trois-fois-Puis- 
sant lorsqu'un visiteur demandera a 6tre admis, et assistera 
a son examen ; il precedera toujours les FF.\ dans les cere- 
monies d'instruction ; et si le Capitaine des Gardes rap- 
porte qu'un visiteur est Prince Magon, il doit le recevoir 
avec tous les honneurs, a l'effet de quoi, tous les FF.\ for- 
meront une voute avec leurs 6p6es, et le Grand Maitre des 
Ceremonies doit conduire le visiteur jusqu'au pied du 
trone, apres quoi, il le conduit a un si6ge elcve pres du 
Trois-lois-Puissant. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 71 

ARTICLE XXII. 

The Grand Secretary will keep a record of all the trans- 
actions of the Lodge, plainly written, and always ready to 
be inspected by the Lodge, the Grand Inspector or his 
Deputy. He will dispatch all orders issued by the Th.\ 
Puissant, within such time that they may reach their des- 
tination in due season. He must prepare all requisitions 
that are to be transmitted to the Lodge, to the Grand 
Council, the Grand Inspector, his Deputy, or into Foreign 
countries ; and he will take the greatest possible care to 
keep the business of his office in perfect order. 

ARTICLE XXIII. 

The Master of Ceremonies must repair to the Temple in 
due season, so as to have every thing ready, that the work 
may not be delayed. He is always one of the examiners 
of visiting brethren, and introduces them according to 
their degrees. Consequently, he ought to be well informed 
as to the dignities, and possess the confidence of the 
Lodge. 

ARTICLE XXIV. 

The Captain of the Guards sees that the Tiler does his 
duty ; and should sec that the Lodge is well tiled. 
He receives all visitors, wearing his hat, and sword in 
hand, unless they are Princes Masons, in whose presence 
he is uncovered. He will advise the Th.\ Puissant when- 
ever a visitor desires to be admitted, will assist in exam- 
ining him, and will in all cases precede the brethren in the 
ceremonies of instruction. When he reports that the 
visitor is a Prince Mason, such visitor will be received 
with all the honours, the brethren forming the vault of 
steel with their swords, and the Grand Master of Ceremo- 
nies conducting him to the foot of the throne, and after- 
wards to an elevated seat near the Th.\ Puissant. 



72 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

ARTICLE XXV. 

Si une Loge a meritee d'etre dissoute ou interdite pen- 
dant un certain temps, les Officiers sont alors obliges de 
deposer leurs Constitutions, Reglemens, Statuts, ainsi que 
tous leurs papiers, au Grand Conseil, s'il y en a, et a ce de- 
faut, entre les mains du Grand Inspecteur ou son Depute, 
ou ils resteront jusqu'a. ce que la Loge ait obtenu grace ; 
ou si les membres d'une telle Loge ne se soumettoient pas 
au decret du Grand Conseil, leur desobeissance, noms, de- 
gres et qualites civiles seront transmis par ecrit dans toutes 
les Loges connues sur les deux Hemispheres, pour encourir 
le mepris de tous les Macons. Nous prions le Grand 
Architecte de l'Univers de prevenir de tels malheurs, et de 
nous inspirer dans le choix de bons freres pour la perfection 
de TOrdre. 

ARTICLE XXVI. 

Si un membre d'une Loge, qui a ete* dissoute par le Grand 
Conseil, prouvoit, dans une petition au Grand Conseil, 
qu'il est innocent, il aura grace, et se joindra a une autre 
Loge constitute. 

ARTICLE XXVII. 

Rien de ce qui se fait en Loge ne doit 6tre revele hors 
de la Loge, qu'a aucun autre membre de la merae Loge, 
sous les peines que la Loge infligera. 

ARTICLE XXVIII. 

Nul visiteur ne sera ad mis avant que la Loge soit ouverte, 
et qu'apres avoir 6te scrupuleusement examine par deux 
FF.\ instruits ; et il pretera son obligation, a moins que 
quelques membres de la Loge n'affirment avoir vu le frere 
visiteur dans une Loge r6gulierement constitute, et de ce 
grade au moins. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 73 

ARTICLE XXV. 

If any Lodge is for good cause dissolved or temporarily 
interdicted, the Officers thereof must deposit the Charter, 
Regulations and Statutes, and all the papers of the Lodge, 
with the Grand Council, if there be one, and if not, with 
the Gr.\ Inspector or his Deputy ; where they will remain 
until the Lodge is allowed to resume labour. And if the 
members of such Lodge should not submit to the deci- 
sion of the Grand Council, their disobedience, and their 
names, degrees and civil characters, are to be notified in 
writing to all the recognized Lodges in the two Hemis- 
pheres, that they may incur the contempt of all Masons. 
May the Grand Architect of the Universe avert so great 
a misfortune, and inspire us to select good men for our 
brethren, that thereby the Order may attain perfection. 

ARTICLE XXVI. 

If a member of a Lodge that has been dissolved by the 
Grand Council, shows that body by petition that he is in- 
nocent, he shall be restored to favour, and affiliated with 
another Lodge. 

ARTICLE XXVII. 

Nothing that is done in a Lodge should be made known 
out of the Lodge, except to a member of the same, under 
such penalty as the Lodge shall inflict. 

ARTICLE XXVIII. 

No visitor can be admitted until the Lodge is opened, 
nor until he has been scrupulously examined by two well- 
informed brethren ; and he shall take his obligation also, 
unless more than one member of the Lodge shall state 
that they have seen him sit in a regularly constituted 
Lodge of at least the degree of that which he seeks to 
visit. 



74 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

ARTICLE XXIX. 

Chaque Loge peut avoir deux FF.\ Tuilleurs. Leurs 
moeurs doivent etre connues. lis seront decores aux 
depens de la Loge, et porteront leurs attributs seulement 
a la boutonniere de leur habit. 

ARTICLE XXX. 

Les Chevaliers et Princes Magons etant les grands lumi- 
eres de la Loge, si aucunes plaintes etoient faites contre 
Tun d'eux, elles seront faites par ecrit, et presentees dans 
la Loge prochaine, qui les ecoutera et en decidera ; et si 
une des parties se croyait lezee, elle aura la liberte d'en ap- 
peler au Grand Conseil, dont la determination sera finale 
et decisive. 

ARTICLE XXXI. 

Le Secret dans nos Mysteres etant d'obligation indispen- 
sable, le Trois-fois-Puissant Grand Maitre, avant de fermer 
chaque Loge, recommandera ce devoir aux FF.\ dans la 
maniere et forme d'usage. 

ARTICLE XXXII. 

Si un frere etoit malade et qu'un membre le sgut, il en 
donnera au plustot avis au Trois-fois-Puissant pour qu'il 
puisse recevoir les secours dont il aurait besoin ; et le G.\ 
Hospitalier aura soin de le voir pour s'assurer s'il est bien 
soigne. 

ARTICLE XXXIII. 

Si un F.\ mouroit, tous les FF.\ seront obliges d'assister 
a ses funerailles de la maniere accoutumee. 

ARTICLE XXXIV. 

Si un F.\ est dans l'infortune, il est du devoir de chaque 
frere de l'assister. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 75 

ARTICLE XXIX. 

Every Lodge may have two BB.\ Tilers; whose good 
character must be known. They will be clothed at the 
expense of the Lodge, and wear the proper jewel only at 
the button-hole of their coat. 

ARTICLE XXX. 

The Knights and Princes Masons being the great lights 
of the Lodge, all complaints against them shall be made in 
writing and presented at the next Lodge-meeting. The 
Lodge shall hear and decide ; and if a party thinks himself 
aggrieved, he may appeal to the Grand Council, which 
shall determine in the last resort. 

ARTICLE XXXI. 

Secrecy as to the Mysteries being of indispensable obli- 
gation, the Th.\ P.*. Grand Master shall, before closing 
each Lodge, inculcate that duty on the Brethren in the 
usual manner and form. 

ARTICLE XXXII. 

If a brother be sick, any member knowing thereof must 
forthwith inform the Th.\ Puissant, in order that he may 
receive the necessary attention ; and the Gr.\ Hospitaller 
must visit him, to see that he is properly cared for. 

ARTICLE XXXIII. 

When a brother dies, all the brethren are obliged to at- 
tend his funeral in the accustomed manner. 

ARTICLE XXXIV. 

If a brother meet with misfortunes, it is the duty of 
every brother to assist him. 



?6 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

ARTICLE XXXV. 

Si le Trois-fois-Puissant n'etoit pas present en Loge, une 
heure apres celle fixee pour l'assemblee, et qu'il y eut cinq 
freres presens, le plus ancien Officier remplira immediate- 
ment le trone, et proc6dera regulierement aux travaux, 
pourvu que le Grand Inspecteur ou son Depute soient ab- 
sens; mais s'il est present, il sera invite a remplir le trone 
avec tous les honneurs, et en son absence, les memes hon- 
neurs seront rendus a, son Depute. 

ARTICLE XXXVI. 

Pour etablir la r6gularite dans la Loge,le Trois-fois-Puis- 
sant Maitre et le Grand Inspecteur ou son Depute doivent 
avoir un tableau de tous les membres de la Loge, des 
grades et des qualites civiles, pour les presenter devant le 
Grand Conseil, et les transmettre a toutes les Loges regu- 
lieres. lis informeront aussi le Grand Inspecteur ou son 
Depute de toutes les nouvelles matieres qui seront com- 
muniquees a la' Loge. 

ARTICLE XXXVII. 

Si les membres de la Loge pensent necessaire de faire 
quelques alterations aux presentes Constitutions et Regle- 
mens, cela ne pourra 6tre que par petition par ecrit, pre- 
sentee avant a la Loge, avant la fete annuelle ; et si les 
membres, apres avoir murement consideres l'objet mis en 
question comme n'etant pas contraire auxdits Statuts et 
Reglemens, Tecrit sera communique au Grand Conseil 
des Princes, et s'ils l'approuvent, il sera envove au Grand 
Inspecteur ou son Depute du District, qui decidera l'objet 
propos6, sans alterer aucunes de nos anciennes coutumes, 
obligations ou ceremonies, ou diminuer la force de notre 
pre*sente Constitution ou Reglement, sous peines d'inter- 
diction. Aussi toutes les Loges de Grand Elu, Parfait et 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 77 

ARTICLE XXXV. 

If the Th.\ Puissant be not present in the Lodge, one 
hour after the time fixed for assembling, and there be 
five brethren present, the oldest Officer will instantly take 
the throne, and proceed regularly with the work, pro- 
vided that the Grand Inspector and his Deputy are absent ; 
but if either of them be present, he shall be invited to take the 
throne, with all the honours ; the same honours being paid 
the Deputy as to the Inspector, in the absence of the latter. 

ARTICLE XXXVI. 

To secure regularity in the Lodge, the Th.\ P.-. Master 
and the Gr.\ Inspector or his Deputy must keep a list of 
all the members of the Lodge, showing the degree and 
civil character of each, to be laid before the Gr.\ Council 
and transmitted to all the regular Lodges. They will also 
advise the Grand Inspector or his Deputy of every matter 
of interest communicated to the Lodge. 

ARTICLE XXXVII. 

If the members of any Lodge deem it necessary to make 
any alterations in the present Constitutions and Regula- 
tions, that can only be done by petition in writing, pre- 
sented to the Lodge prior to the annual Feast. If the 
members, upon mature consideration of the matter pro- 
posed, find nothing therein contrary to said Statutes and 
Regulations, the proposition in writing shall be transmit- 
ted to the Grand Council of the Princes, and if they ap- 
prove it, it shall be sent to the Gr.\ Inspector or his Deputy 
for the District, who shall decide thereon ; none of our 
ancient customs, obligations or ceremonies being changed, 
nor the force of our present Constitutions and Regulations 
diminished, on pain of interdiction. Wherefore all Lodges 
of Grand Elect, Perfect and Sublime Masons and of An- 
cient Masons, regularly established under our protection, 



78 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

Sublime Macon et Anciens Macons, regulierement etablies 
sous notre protection, se gouverneront et se dirigeront 
elles-memes a l'avenir, dans tous les lieux de la terre ou 
notre Ordre sera etabli de cette maniere, et seront dirigees 
par l'lnspecteur, son Depute ou Prince Macon soit en par- 
ticulier ou dans le Grand Conseil, s'il y en a un ; et pour y 
donner la premiere force et existence, nous avons resolus 
de creer des Inspecteurs et Deputes Inspecteurs, qui voy- 
ageront par mer et par terre, pour notifier et observer, 
dans toutes les Loges regulierement constituees : copie 
desquelles loix et reglemens seront delivrees par [a] nos 
dits Commissaires, Deputes Inspecteurs, avec des titres 
authentiques et pouvoirs en forme, pour etre connus et 
autorises dans leurs fonctions. 

AlNSl decrete par nos Chefs etDignes Protecteurs dans 
leurs legitimes Assemblees, vraie Science et pleine Puis- 
sance, comrae representant du Souverain des Souverains. 

Fait au Grand 0.\ de Paris, Berlin et Bordeaux dans 
un lieu Saint, sous la Voute Celeste, pres du B.\ A.-., le 25 
Juin, du 7me mois, de Tan 1762, et transmis au T.\ 111.*, 
et T.\ Puissant Prince Etienne Morin, Grand Inspecteur 
de toutes les Loges regulieres dans le nouveau monde. 

Au Grand 0.\ de Berlin, sous la Voute Celeste, le jour 
et an susdits, et certifie par nous, Grand Inspecteurs Gene- 
raux et Deputes, le 22 Decembre 1768. Signe : Etienne 
Morin, Moses Cohen, et Spitzer et Hyman Isaac Long, 
qui l'a depose; et certifie conforme aux Archives du Grand 
Conseil Sublime a l'Orient de Charleston, Caroline du Sud. 
Pour copie sincere et veritable. 

J'n B'te M'ie Delahogue, 
Depute Gd. Insp. G'l P'ce M'on, 
Souv. Gd. Commandeur du Gd. Conseil 
Sublime, Orient de Charleston, C'ne du Sud. 
A'dre F. Auguste de Grasse, 

Grande Garde des Sceaux et Archives. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 79 

shall so govern and direct themselves for the future, in 
every place in the world where our Order is established, 
being under the direction of the Inspector, his Deputy or 
the Princes Masons, individually or in Grand Council, if 
there be one : Whereto to give force and actuality, we have 
resolved to create Inspectors and Deputy Inspectors, who 
shall travel by land and sea, to take note and observe in all 
Lodges regularly constituted. A copy of which Laws and 
Regulations shall be delivered to our aforesaid Delegates, 
Deputy Inspectors, with authentic patents and powers in 
due form, that they may be recognized and duly em- 
powered in the exercise of their functions. 

So decreed by our Chiefs and Worthy Protectors in 
lawful assembly of true science and ample power as Re- 
presentatives of the Sovereign of Sovereigns. 

Done, at the Grand Orient of Paris, Berlin and Bor- 
deaux, in a Holy place, under the Celestial Vault, near the 
B.\ B.\, the 25th day of the 7th month of the year 1762; 
and transmitted to the Very 111.*, and Very Puissant Prince 
Stephen Morin, Grand Inspector of all the Regular Lodges 
in the new world. 

At the Grand Orient of Berlin, under the Celestial 
Vault, the day and year above mentioned, and certified by 
us, Grand Inspectors General and Deputies, the 22d De- 
cember, 1768. Signed: Etienne Morin, Moses Cohen, 
Spitzer and Hyman Isaac Long ; by the last of whom it 
is deposited : and certified to agree with the archives of 
the Grand Sublime Council at the Orient of Charleston, 
South Carolina. A true and correct copy. 

J'n B'te M'ie Delahogue, 
Dep.\ Gr.\ Insp.\ Gen.*. P'ce Mason. 
Sov/. Gr.\ Com.', of the Gr.\ and Sub.*. 
Council, at the O.*. of Charleston, So/. Car/. 
A'dre F. Auguste de Grasse, 

Grand Keeper of the Seals and Archives. 



80 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

Le certificat dans le livre d' AveilhS est comme suit : 

Fait au Grand Orient de Bordeaux et Paris, dans un 
lieu Saint et Secret, sous la Voute Celeste, pres le B.\ A.\, 
le 25 du septieme mois de l'annee 1762, et transmis au tres 
respectable et tres excellent Etienne Morin, Grand In- 
specteur de toutes les Loges regulierement constituees 
dans le nouveau monde. 

Au Grand Orient de Bordeaux, sous la Voute Celeste, 
les jour et an susdits, et certifie par nous, Grand Inspec- 
teur et Depute, le 22 Decembre 1762. 

Nous, Soussignes Deputes Inspecteurs Generaux et 
Princes Macons, etc., etc., etc., certifions que les Statuts et 
Reglemens transcrits ci-dessus et des autres parts, et don- 
nes par la Grande Loge et Souverain Grand Conseil 
des Sublimes Princes de la Magonnerie, au Grand Orient 
de France, au tres puissant et respectable frere Etienne 
Morin, sont conformes a l'original, dont il a transmis copie 
au tres respectable frere Francken, Depute Grand Inspec- 
teur en l'isle de la Jama'ique, et encore conformes a la copie 
duement en forme qu'on a remis dans les Archives de la 
Loge Sublime a l'Orient de Charleston, le tres respectable 
frere Hyman Isaac Long, lorsqu'il l'a constituee ; en foi 
de quoi nous avons signe, et pour plus grande authenticity 
avons appose au bas du present le sceau de nos armes, et 
le grand sceau des Princes Macons. 

A l'Orient de Charleston, Caroline du Sud, le 9eme jour 
du 4me mois appelle Tammuz, de l'annee 5557, de la Res- 
tauration, et de lere Vulgaire, le 9 Juin 1797. 

[SignS : Delahogue, Souverain, etc., H. I. Long, Robin, 
de Grasse, Saint Paul et Petit, tous comme Deputes 
Inspecteurs Generaux et Princes Macons ; avec certificat 
du frere Aveilh£, du 10 Decembre 1797, et de Dela- 
hogue, avec deux sceaux, l'un d'eux du Sublime Grand 
Conseil, et l'autre je ne connois pas. Vu par Auguste de 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 8l 

The certificate in Aveilhe's copy is as follows : 

Done at the Grand Orient of Bordeaux and Paris, in 
a holy and secret place, under the Celestial Vault, near the 
B.\ B.\, the 25th of the 7th month of the year 1762, and 
transmitted to the Very Resp.\ and Very Exc.\ Stephen 
Morin, Grand Inspector of all Lodges in the new world. 

At the Gr.\ O.*. of Bordeaux, under the Celestial Vault, 
the day and year aforesaid, and certified by us, Grand In- 
spector and Deputy, the 22d December, 1762. 

We, the undersigned, Deputies Inspectors Generals and 
Princes Masons, etc., etc., etc., do certify that the Statutes 
and Regulations above and herein before transcribed, and 
given by the Grand Lodge and Sovereign Grand 
Council of the Sublime Princes of Masonry, at the Grand 
Orient of Paris, to the Very Puissant and Very Respectable 
Brother Stephen Morin, conform to the Original, whereof 
he transmitted a copy to the Very Resp.*. Bro.\ Francken, 
Deputy Grand Inspector for the Island of Jamaica ; and 
that they also conform to the copy in due form deposited 
in the archives of the Sublime Lodge at the,0.\ of Charles- 
ton, by the Very Resp.*. Bro.\ Hyman Isaac Long, 
when he established that body. In faith whereof we have 
signed these presents, and for greater authenticity do affix 
below the Seal of our arms and the Great Seal of the 
Princes Masons. 

At the Orient of Charleston, South Carolina, the 9th day 
of the 4th Month, called Tammuz, of the year of the Res- 
toration, 5557, and of the Vulgar Era, the 9th of June, 
1797. 

[Signed by Delahogue, Sovereign, Long, Robin, De 
Grasse, St. Paul and Petit, as Deputy Inspectors Gen- 
eral and Princes Masons ; with certificate of Bro.\ Aveilhe, 
dated 10th December, 1797, and of Delahogue, with two 
seals, one that of the Sub.*. Gr.\ Council, and the other 



82 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

Grasse, K. H. P. R. S. Souv.\ Gr.\ Insp. Gen. du 33e 
degre, etc., a Charleston, le 12 Mars 5802.] 



DEVOIRS ET PRIVILEGES 



§> txtim t\t ^m (£wxx 0U WktMliM &t rguflte, 0u tin g tlxtm. 

Les Princes de Rose Croix ont droit de tenir le maillet 
dans toutes les Loges Symboliques ou ils se presentent. 
lis prennent place a cote du Venerable, et si cet honneur 
ne leur etoit pas offert, ils se placeroient apres le dernier 
apprentif, en signe d'humilite. 

Ils ne doivent signer aucunes pieces maconniques, sans 
les caracteres qui designent leur grade. Lorsqu'il y a un 
Chapitre r6g\6 dans un endroit, il doit s'assembler d'obli- 
gation six fois par an. 

Le Jeudi Saint, 

Le Jour de Paques, 

Le Jeudi d'apres Paques, 

Le Jour de TAscension, 

Le Jour de la Pentecote, 

Et le Jour de la Toussaint, independamment des 
deux fetes de la Saint Jean. 

Un Chapitre ne peut etre constitu6 a moins de trois. 
Lorsqu'il est plus nombreux, il a les memes Officiers qu'une 
Loge ordinaire, et les elections s'y font le Jeudi d'apres 
Paques. 

Les Chevaliers de Rose Croix sont obliges a la charite 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 83 

not known to me. Vis/ by Auguste de Grasse, K. H. P. 
R. S., Sov. Gr.\ Insp.\ Gen.-, of the 33d degree, etc., 
Charleston, 12th March, 5802]. 



DUTIES AND PRIVILEGES 



OF THE 



The Princes of Rose Croix are entitled to take the mallet 
in any Symbolic Lodges at which they are present. They 
sit by the side of the Ven.\, and if that honour is not 
offered them, they take their place behind the youngest 
apprentice, in token of their humility. 

They must sign no Masonic document, without adding 
the characters that indicate their degree. When a Chapter 
is regularly established any where, it must of necessity 
meet six times a year, to wit : 

On Holy [or Maundy] Thursday, 

On Easter day, 

On the Thursday after Easter, 

On Ascension day, 

On the day of Pentecost, 

And on All-Saints' Day ; besides meeting on the two 
feast-days of the Saint John. 

A Chapter cannot consist of less than three members. 
When there are more, it has the same Officers as an ordi- 
nary Lodge; and the elections are held on the Thursday 
after Easter. 

The Knights Rose Croix are bound to give charity to 



84 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

envers les pauvres, visiter les prisoniers, les malades, les 
secourir dans leurs besoins, selon ses facultes. 

Lorsqu'un Rose Croix meurt, on doit l'enterrer avec son 
cordon : les Chevaliers presents doivent assister a son con- 
voi, avec leurs decorations sous l'habit, si elles ne peuvent 
etre portees sans scandale. On doit faire un service au 
defunt dans le Chapitre, ou Ton doit prononcer son oraison 
funebre. 

Les Chevaliers ne peuvent se battre les uns contre les 
autres. 

lis ne peuvent se dispenser de se rendre aux invitations 
du Chapitre, que pour cause de maladie. 

Le Chapitre doit etre eclaire avec des bougies jaunes ou 
de l'huile d'olive. Un Chevalier de Rose Croix ne peut 
etre tuile lorsqu'il se presente en Loge ; aussi doit-il etre 
pour cela muni d'un brevet particulier qui declare son 
grade. II doit en porter le bijou dans toutes les Loges. 

Certifie conforme a l'original, depose aux Archives du 
Grand Conseil des Princes du Royal Secret, a l'Orient de 
Charleston, Caroline du Sud. 

J'n B'te M'ie Delahogue, 
Depute Gd. Insp. G'l et P'ce M'on, 
Souverain Gd. Command, du Conseil Sublime. 
A'dre F. Auguste de Grasse, 
Grand Garde des Sceaux et Archives. 
[Avec les deux sceaux.] 



La copie $ Aveilhe est certifie par Delahogue, Long, Robin, de Grasse, 
Saint Paul et Petit, le Juin 1797 ; et par Aveilhe le 10 Decembre, 1797, et 
vu par de Grasse, a Charleston, le 12 Mars 1802. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 85 

the poor, to visit those in prison and the sick, and to give 
them aid in their necessities, each according to his means. 

When a Knight Rose Croix dies, he is to be buried with 
his collar. All Knights in the place must attend the burial, 
wearing their insignia under their coats., if they cannot 
openly display them without scandal. A Funeral Service 
must be performed in the Chapter, at which an oration in 
memory of the deceased will be delivered. 

The Knights cannot engage in mortal combat one with 
the other. 

They cannot be excused for non-attendance at meetings 
of the Chapter, when notified, except in case of sickness. 

The Chapter must be lighted with candles of yellow 
wax, or lamps fed with olive oil. 

A Knight Rose Croix is not to be tyled, when he pre- 
sents himself for admission into a Lodge as a visitor. He 
should therefore have a special brief, evidencing his rank. 
He must wear his jewel in all Lodges. 

Certified to conform to the original in the archives of 
the Grand Council of the Princes of the Royal Secret, at 
the Orient of Charleston, South Carolina. 

J'n B'te M'ie Delahogue, 
Dep.*. Gr.\ Insp.\ Gen.*, and P'ce Mason, 

Sov.\ Gr.\ Commander of the Sub.-. Council. 
A'dre Auguste de Grasse, 
Grand Keeper of the Seals and Archives. 
[With two Seals.] 



The copy of Aveilhe is certified by Delahogue, Long, Robin, de Grasse, 
Saint Paul and Petit, the 9th June, 1797; and by Aveilhe. the 10th De- 
cember, 1797 ; and vised by de Grasse, at Charleston, the 12th March, 1802. 



ORDINANCES OF THE CHAPTER. 

[UNDER THE GRAND ORIENT OF FRANCE.] 




ARTICLE I. 

HE principal feast of the Chapter is the Thursday 
before Easter. No reason whatever will excuse 
a failure to hold a Chapter on that day ; and if, in 
the place where one lives, there be no other 
Knights, he must perform the ceremony alone, and unite in 
spirit with his Brethren, who on the same day will remem- 
ber him. If one is on a journey, still he can and even ought 
to perform this duty. 

ARTICLE II. 

If a Knight knows of another Knight not more than 
three leagues distant, he should write him, to hold a Chap- 
ter with him on Maundy Thursday ; and in that case they 
are to meet half-way. 

ARTICLE III. 

The Brothers Rose Croix are termed Knights Princes 
Perfect Masons. Their Mother Lodge is situated on the 
Mountain of Heredon, where, in all Europe, the first Chap- 
ter of the Order was held. In that Lodge is kept the 
Register of all the Chapters of Rose Croix that have been 
constituted. 

ARTICLE IV. 

The Knights Rose Croix are entitled to take the gavel, 
if they choose, in any Lodge. If they decline to exercise 
the privilege, they seat themselves immediately on the right 

(86) 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 8/ 

of the Master, and under the Canopy. They may after- 
wards remove to any other seat. 

ARTICLE V. 

They are positively prohibited from presenting them- 
selves, in any Lodge, without their cordon and jewel of a 
Rose Croix. 

ARTICLE VI. 

When a Knight visits a Chapter, he ought, out of humil- 
ity, after saluting the Master and Brethren, to take the 
lowest place in the Chapter ; but the Master should then 
place him in the highest, 

ARTICLE VII. 

Every Chapter regularly constituted must assemble at 
least five times a year, — to wit, on the Four Solemn Feasts, 
and on Maundy Thursday. A Chapter must never close 
without a refection following. 

A Chapter, like Masonic Bodies in General, should also 
be held on the days of the Saints John. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

A Knight should never sign any Masonic document, 
without adding his style, S.\ P.\ R.\ •J*.*. 

ARTICLE IX. 

A Chapter regularly constituted must consist of at least 
three members. When composed of but three, the Jun.\ 
Warden acts as Secretary. Regularly it is full with seven 
members; but the number may be increased to eleven; 
and, in the single case of two Chapters in one place desir- 
ing to unite, to thirty-three and no more. 

ARTICLE x. 
A Knight Rose Croix is empowered to make a Mason, if 



88 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

there be no Lodge within ten leagues, or for an extraordi- 
ary cause ; but he can raise him no further than to the Sixth 
Degree [of the Rit Moderne]. 

ARTICLE XI. 

All the Brethren are obligated to show charity, not only 
to Masons but to all others that are unfortunate ; and also 
to visit the sick and persons imprisoned, and to assist them 
to the utmost of their ability. 

ARTICLE XII. 

At the first institution of the Order, the duties of Knights 
were, to visit the hospitals, to nurse the sick, to enshroud 
and aid in burying the dead. These two last duties are no 
longer imposed, except in the case of a Knight whose body 
is by misfortune without burial, and provided that he has 
not acted unworthily of the Order, or contrary to the prin- 
ciples which make an honest man. 

ARTICLE XIII. 

A Knight is prohibited from fighting, under any possible 
pretext whatever, a duel with another Knight. 

ARTICLE XIV. 

A Knight owes it to his honor to defend the cause of his 
God, his Prince and his Country, to the last drop of his 
blood ; and under no pretext can he engage in a foreign 
service, without express permission from his Prince or 
Superior. 

ARTICLE XV. 

A Knight cannot excuse himself for non-attendance at a 
convocation of the Chapter, for any other reason than that 
of serious sickness. If he would be absent for any other 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 89 

reason, he must attend, and state the reason, and obtain 
permission to retire. 

ARTICLE XVI. 

The Chapter must always be lighted either with wax or 
olive-oil. 

ARTICLE XVII. 

The Chapter must never be holden without sending 
around the box of contribution for the poor: and the M.\ 
Wise has charge of that fund. 

ARTICLE XVIII. 

Every Knight must, in his turn, deliver a discourse for 
the instruction of his Brethren. 

ARTICLE XIX. 

Matters foreign to Masonry must never be mooted in the 
Chapter. Nothing can be discussed there except what re- 
lates to the Order. 

ARTICLE XX. 

Questions that concern religion, politics and the like, 
should never be spoken of by Knights; and scandal, cal- 
umny and flattery should be punished as the vilest offences. 

ARTICLE XXI. 

Great caution is to be used in conferring this Sublime 
Degree. It is never to be conferred until after a rigor- 
ous examination into the conduct, honor and morals of 
the applicant. The ballot is to be taken on three several 
occasions ; and equality being the basis of the Order, each 
Knight has a single vote and no more. 

ARTICLE XXII. 

The M.\ Wise, the Wardens and the Officers of the 



go CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

Chapter, will be selected every year, at the meeting on 
Maundy Thursday, and will enter immediately on the dis- 
charge of their duties. Those whom they succeed must 
be prepared to render their accounts at the same time, to 
their successors. Their accounts are rendered without be- 
ing under oath ; for a true Mason is not to be suspected of 
bad faith ; but still the accounts should be kept with the 
greatest accuracy. 

ARTICLE XXIII. 

The deliberations must always be signed by three Breth- 
ren ; and without that number no Chapter should be held. 

ARTICLE XXIV. 

No servant can be admitted to the Chapter. The last 
two Knights received perform the duties of servants; and 
from that no one is exempt. 

ARTICLE XXV. 

If a Knight falls sick, all the Brethren must visit him ; 
and care must be taken that he shall want for nothing ; for 
which purpose each Chapter should appoint an Attendant 
on the sick. 

ARTICLE XXVI. 

When a Knight dies, every other Knight must attend his 
funeral, all with their cordons and jewels under their coats. 

ARTICLE XXVII. 

With every Knight that dies, his cordon and jewel are 
to be buried. 

ARTICLE XXVIII. 

A funeral service will be performed at the expense ot the 
Chapter, at which all the Knights must be present, clothed 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 91 

as in the First Apartment. This ceremony will take place 
only when it can be done without causing scandal. 

ARTICLE XXIX. 

Immediately after the interment of a Bro.\, the Chapter 
will meet, and the Orator will pronounce the funeral ora- 
tion of the deceased. 

ARTICLE XXX. 

The Knight who succeeds to the place of the deceased 
will wear mourning until after two meetings of the Chap- 
ter. This mourning consists in covering the jewel with 
crape. 

ARTICLE XXXI. 

At the expiration of a year, the anniversary of the death 
of the deceased will be celebrated by a funeral service, 
and a session of the Chapter, in which appropriate tokens 
of respect will be paid his memory. 

ARTICLE XXXII. 

The names of the Knights taken away by death will 
never be effaced from the Register of the Chapter; but 
instead, a death's head and cross-bones will be drawn at 
the end of each name. 

ARTICLE XXXIII. 

If a Knight visits a Lodge, and the Master, through ig- 
norance, or for any other reason, does not offer him the 
mallet, nor recognize him in his degree and prerogatives, 
the Knight, not giving way to pride or anger, will conceal 
his ornaments under his coat, enter as a simple Mascn, and 
take the lowest place in the Lodge ; and cannot then take 
any higher place than that on the left of the Jun.\ Warden. 
This he will do, out of humility. 



STATUTS, K&GLEMENS, DEVOIRS ET PRIVILEGES 



H*ittM0 U $}txtxMm< 




ARTICLE I. 

ES Princes de Jerusalem sont les Chefs de la Ma- 

connerie. lis ont le droit de visiter et d'inspecter 

les Loges, jusqu'au Conseil de Chevaliers d'Ori- 

ent. lis peuvent casser et revoquer les travaux, 

s'ils sont contraires aux Loix Maconniques. 

ARTICLE II. 

Quand un Prince de Jerusalem visite une Loge ou un 
Conseil, il doit etre decore du bijou et des ornemens de 
son ordre, et s'annoncer comme Prince de Jerusalem. 

ARTICLE III. 

Le Ven6rable doit deputer un F.\ de ce grade, s'il y en 
a, pour aller l'examiner. Quand il l'a fait, il retourne pour 
en rendre compte a la Loge, et Tannoncer en sa qualit6. 
Si c'est un Conseil, le Souverain ordonne que les deux bat- 
tans de la porte soient ouverts pour former la voute d'acier, 
et faire placer le visiteur a sa droite. 

Si c'est dans une Loge Svmbolique, le Veneraole depute 
quatre freres pour aller le recevoir, en observant que ce ne 
(9*) 



STATUTES, KEGULATIONS, DUTIES AND PRIVILEGES 



f txuu trf MtxmXm. 




ARTICLE I. 

HE Princes of Jerusalem are the Chiefs of Ma- 
sonry. They have the right to visit and inspect 
Lodges, up to the degree of Knights of the East ; 
and may quash and recall their work, if it be 
contrary to the laws of Masonry. 

ARTICLE II. 

When a Prince of Jerusalem visits a Lodge or Council, 
he should wear the jewel and ornaments of his degree, and 
announce himself as a Prince of Jerusalem. 

ARTICLE III. 

The Ven.\ will delegate a Bro.\ of that degree, if there 
be one, to go out and examine him. When he has so done, 
he returns, reports to the Lodge, and announces the Visitor 
by his rank. 

If this is in a Council, the Sovereign orders the folding- 
doors to be thrown open, that the Vault of Steel may be 
formed, and the Visitor to be seated on his right. If in a 
Symbolic Lodge, the Ven.\ delegates four brethren to go 

(93) 



94 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

doit jamais etre les Officiers dignitaires, qui ne doivent 
jamais quitter leurs places. Ces deputes vont chercher le 
visiteur, le conduisent a la porte, dont on ouvre les deux 
battans, on forme la voute d'acier, et il est conduit a la 
place la plus eminente, et si le Venerable n'est pas Prince 
de Jerusalem, il lui offre son maillet et sa place, qu'il est 
libre d'accepter ou de refuser. Les memes ceremonies ont 
lieu lorsqu'il sort du Temple. 

Si un Prince de Jerusalem se presente a une Loge ou il 
n'y a aucun frere de ce grade, et sans certificat, on depute 
le frere le plus expert, et le Venerable meme, s'il est juge 
necessaire, pour aller l'examiner et s'assurer de ses connois- 
sances. Apres cet examen, il doit donner sa parole d'honneur 
qu'il est Prince de Jerusalem, ainsi qu'il est porte par Par- 
ticle 2. 

ARTICLE IV. 

Le Conseil des Princes de Jerusalem, se nomme Conseil 
des Tres Vaillans et Tres Illustres Princes. Toutes les Loges 
inferieures sont obligees de leur rendre compte de leur trav- 
aux ; et ils ont le droit d 'examiner leurs Constitutions, sans 
que personne puisse s'en formaliser. Les Princes de Jerusa- 
lem, au nombre de cinq, sont juges en dernier ressort des 
deliberations des Loges ; et quand ils ont prononce leur 
sentence, il n'y a point d'appel. Ils tiennent ce pouvoir de 
leurs predecessors, auxquels le peuple de Jerusalem le 
confera. Ils ont la tete couverte en Loge, et parlent au 
Venerable sans lui demander la parole. 

ARTICLE v. 

Les droits des Princes de Jerusalem leur ayant ete accord- 
es comme recompense des services qu'ils ont rendus au 
peuple de Jerusalem, leurs profondes connaissances, et les 
obligations que leur a la Magonnerie, leur a merite d'etre 
les egaux du Grand Prince Zorobabel de la race de David. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 9$ 

and receive him, never selecting the officers-dignitaries, who 
must never leave their stations. The Delegates go to the 
Visitor and conduct him to the entrance. The folding-doors 
are thrown open, the Vault of Steel is formed, and he is 
conducted to the most honourable seat ; and the Venerable, 
if he be not himself a Prince of Jerusalem, offers him his 
mallet and his seat, which he may accept or refuse as he 
pleases. The same ceremonies are to be observed when he 
retires from the Temple. 

If a Prince of Jerusalem applies to visit a Lodge in which 
there is no brother of that degree, and without his certifi- 
cate, the most expert Bro.\ is delegated, and the Ven.\ 
himself, if need be, to go out and examine him, and satisfy 
himself of his proficiency. After this examination, he 
must give his word of honour that he is a prince of Jerusa- 
lem, as is provided by Art. 2. 

ARTICLE IV. 

A Council of Princes of Jerusalem is styled " Council of 
the Very Valiant and Very Illustrious Princes." All inferior 
Lodges must report to them their work; and they have the 
right to examine their charters, without any one taking 
exception thereto. The Princes of Jerusalem, to the number 
of five, are the judges in the last resort of the decisions 
of the Lodges, there being no appeal from their judgments. 
They derive this power from their predecessors, on whom 
the people of Jerusalem conferred it. They sit covered in 
Lodges, and address the Ven.\ without asking permission. 

article v. 
The rights of the Princes of Jerusalem having been 
granted them as a reward for the services rendered by them 
to the people of Jerusalem, for their profound knowledge 
and the obligations under which they laid Masonry, they 
are deservedly the equals of the great Prince Zorobabel, 
of the race of David. 



g6 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

ARTICLE VI. 

Les Princes de Jerusalem doivent etre honnetes, justes, 
polis et stricts observateurs des loix, en faisant rendre la 
justice, et en faisant observer le bon ordre dans les Loges. 

ARTICLE VII. 

Si les Princes de Jerusalem ne menent pas une vie irre- 
prochable, ou qu'ils manquent a la probite, ils seront punis 
par les Princes de Jerusalem, et a la majorite. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

Si un Prince de Jerusalem en tourne un autre en ridicule, 
ou se moque de lui, il sera priv6 d'assister a trois Conseils 
consecutifs. 

ARTICLE IX. 

Si un Prince de Jerusalem en appelle un autre en duel, 
il sera exclu du Conseil, son nom biffe, et avis en sera donn6 
au Grand Conseil, a tous les Conseils de la correspondance, 
et a toutes les Loges Symboliques. 

ARTICLE X. 

Si, a une election d'Officiers, un Prince de Jerusalem 
sollicite des voix en sa faveur ou pour quelqu'autre, il sera 
exclus pour jamais. 

ARTICLE XL 

La Grande Fete des Princes de Jerusalem est le 23me jour 
du I2me mois, en memoire des actions de graces qui furent 
rendues ce jour a Dieu, pour la reconstruction du Temple. 
C'est ce jour que se font les elections des Officiers de tous 
les Conseils de Princes de Jerusalem. 

Le 2ome jour du iome mois, doit aussi se celebrer la fete 
de l'Ordre en commemoration de l'entree triomphante des 
Ambassadeurs a Jerusalem, a leur retour de Babylone. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 97 

ARTICLE VI. 

Princes of Jerusalem should be honourable and just men, 
courteous, and strict observers of the laws, seeing justice 
done, and enforcing good order in the Lodges. 

ARTICLE VII. 

If any Prince of Jerusalem does not lead an irreproacha- 
ble life, or acts dishonestly, he is to be punished by the other 
Princes by majority of votes. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

If a Prince of Jerusalem ridicules another, or derides him, 
he shall be forbidden to sit at three successive Councils. 

ARTICLE IX. 

If a Prince of Jerusalem challenges another to fight a 
duel, he is to be expelled from his Council, his name erased, 
and notice thereof given to the prand Council, to all cor- 
responding Councils, and to all the Symbolic Lodges. 

ARTICLE X. 

If, at any election of officers, a Prince of Jerusalem solic- 
its votes for himself or any other person, he shall be forever 
expelled. 

ARTICLE XL 

The Grand Feast of the Princes of Jerusalem is on the 23d 
day of the 12th month, in memory of the thank-offerings 
that day rendered to God, for the rebuilding of the Tem- 
ple. On that day the elections of Officers of all Councils 
of Princes of Jerusalem are to held. 

On the 20th day of the 10th month, also, a Feast of the 
Order is to be celebrated in commemoration of the tri- 
umphal entry into Jerusalem of the Ambassadors on their 
return from Babylon. 



98 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

ARTICLE XII. 

Un Conseil de Prince de Jerusalem, doit etre compos6 
au moins de cinq. Le Souverain represente Zorobabel. 

Les deux Surveillants sont nommes Tres Eclair£s. Les 
Officiers sont comme dans les autres Loges, et tous se 
nomment Illustres. 

Certifie conforme a l'original, depose aux Archives du 
Grand Conseil, a l'Orient Sublime de Charleston, Caroline 
du Sud. 

[Sign? par Delahogue et de Grasse, comme les Statuts, 
et avec les deux Sceaux.] 



La copie SAveilhe est certifie par Delahogue, Long, Robin, de Grasse, 
Saint Paul et Petit, le 9 Juin, 1797; et par Aveilhe, le 10 Decembre 1797, 
et vu par de Grasse, a Charleston, le 12 Mars, 5802. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 99 

ARTICLE XII. 

A Council of Princes of Jerusalem must be composed 
of at least five. The Sovereign represents Zorobabel. 
The two Wardens are styled " Very Enlightened." The 
Officers are as in other Lodges, and are all styled " Illustri- 
ous." 

Certified to conform to the original deposited in the 
Archives of the Grand Council, at the Sub/. O.*. of Charles- 
ton, South Carolina. 

{Signed by Delahogue and De Grasse, like the Stat- 
tutes ; and with two seals.] 



The Copy of Aveilhi is certified by Delahogue, Long, Robin, de Grasse, 
Saint-Paul, and Petit, the 9th June, 1797; and by Aveilhe, the 10th of 
December, 1797 ; and vise by de Grasse, at Charleston, 12th March, 1802. 




STATUTS ET REGLEMENS GENERAUX 



DES 



(SJtatfto §'<®xxtnt 




ARTICLE I. 

E Conseil des Chevaliers d'Orient sera compose 
du Souverain, du Garde des Sceaux, du General, 
du Grand Tresorier, du Ministre d'Etat, et de 
tous les FF.\ Chevaliers recus ou affili6s. 



ARTICLE II. 

Les Chevaliers d'Orient etant Souverains Princes de la 
Magonnerie, pour en perpetuer la souverainete, et y faire 
r6gner a jamais la bonne harmonie, seront tous 6gaux. 
C'est pourquoi la place eminente de Souverain sera rempli 
alternativement par tous les FF.\ d'annee en annee, chacun 
a leur tour. 

ARTICLE III. 

II n'en sera pas de meme du Grand Garde de Sceaux. II 
sera perpe'tuel, attendu qu'il est le seul Grand Garde des 
Archives secretes et anciennes de la Chevalerie, depositaire 
des Sceaux, charge de la correspondance g6ne"rale dans 
toutes les Loges de ce grade repandues sur la surface de la 
terre. II fera la convocation du Conseil, lorsqu'il en sera 

(lOd) 



STATUTES AND GENERAL REGULATIONS 



^niflte (ft iht (tot 




ARTICLE I. 

COUNCIL of Knights of the East is composed 
of the Sovereign, the Grand Keeper of the Seals, 
the General, the Grand Treasurer, the Grand 
Orator or Minister of State, and all the Bros.*. 
Knights, received or affiliated. 

ARTICLE II. 

The Knights of the East, being Sovereign Princes of 
Masonry, must all be equal, in order to perpetuate their 
sovereignty, and cause harmony always to prevail. For that 
reason, the eminent post of Sovereign is to be filled alter- 
nately by all the Brethren from year to year, each in his 
turn. 

ARTICLE III. 

But it is not so with the office of Grand Keeper of the Seals. 
That officer holds in perpetuity, in consequence of his 
being the sole Grand Keeper of the Secret and Ancient Ar- 
chives of Chivalry, the depositary of the Seals, and charged 
with the general correspondence with all bodies of this 
degree spread Over the surface of the Earth, He convokes 
7 ( IO 



102 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

requis. Cette place sera donnee par election a un Cheva- 
lier domicilie et habitu6 dans le lieu ou sera etablie cette 
Grande Loge. 

Lorsque cette place sera vacante, l'election sera faite aus- 
sitot entre les Chevaliers, a la pluralite des voix, par le 
scrutin. II sera toujours place le premier a droite du 
Souverain, et les visiteurs apres lui. 

ARTICLE IV. 

La place de General sera rempli alternativement par tous 
les Chevaliers, conformement a l'article 2. Ses fonctions 
sont de faire observer les regies et l'ordre. 

ARTICLE V. 

Le Grand Tresorier veillera de merae a. l'execution des 
reglemens, et sera place a gauche du General, a l'Occident. 
II sera depositaire de tous les fonds et ornemens de la 
Loge. II en rendra compte trois fois l'annee a tous les FF.\ 
Chevaliers assembles. On ne parviendra pas a cette place 
par anciennet6 : il en sera nomme un tous les ans au 
scrutin, et s'il est favorable au m^me, il sera continue. 

ARTICLE VI. 

La place de Grand Orateur sera remplie par tous les 
Chevaliers alternativement, conformement aux articles 2 
■et 4. II sera place le premier a gauche du Souverain. 
Cependant, comme le talent de la parole est un don de la 
nature et rare, les Chevaliers auront la liberte de refuser 
cette place, sans etre dans le cas de reproche. 

ARTICLE VII. 

De mSme que les Elus, Parfaits et Sublimes Macons sont 
tous Grands Surveillans nes de 1'Ordre de la Maconnerie, 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. IO3 

the Council when ordered to do so. This office is given 
by election to a Knight who is domiciled and resident in 
the place where this Grand Lodge is established. 

When this office is vacant, an election to fill it is imme- 
diately held by the Knights, by ballot, and a plurality of 
votes elects. The incumbent always sits nearest the Sov- 
ereign, on his right, and next to him the Visitors. 

ARTICLE IV. 

The office of General is filled by all the Knights alter- 
nately, according to Art. 2. The duties of this officer are 
to see the rules and order observed. 

ARTICLE V. 

The Grand Treasurer also sees to the enforcement of the 
Regulations, and sits on the left of the General, in the 
West. He is the custodian of all the funds and insignia of 
the Lodge. He renders his accounts three times a year to 
all the Knights assembled. This office is not filled by pro- 
motion ; but by annual election by ballot, and the incum- 
bent may be reeelected. 

ARTICLE VI. 

The office of Grand Orator is filled by all the Knights in 
turn, according to Articles 2 and 4. He sits on the left of 
the Sovereign. But, as talent and eloquence are rare gifts 
of Nature, a Knight may refuse to accept this office, with- 
out for that being liable to censure. 

ARTICLE VII. 

As all Elect, Perfect and Sublime Masons are ex-officio 
Wardens of the Order of Masonry, so Knights of the East 
are ex-officio Princes and Sovereigns of the Order in gen- 



104 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

les Chevaliers d'Orient sont les Princes et Souverains n£s 
de l'Ordre en general. Le Conseil d'Orient connoitra tous 
les differens qui naitront parrai les Grands Elus, Parfaits 
et Sublimes Macons. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

Un Chevalier d'Orient a droit partout ou il voyage, 
lorsqu'il rencontre un Macon Apprentif, Compagnon ou 
Maitre, pourvu qu'il n'y ait point de Loges des six derniers 
grades, etablies dans le lieu ou il se trouvera, de leur con- 
ferer ces six grades, mais en differens temps, s'il les en 
juge dignes ; quoique les Chevaliers aient le pouvoir d'en 
constituer d'autres, il ne le font cependant que dans des 
cas extraordinaires et qu'en faveur d'un frere qui ne serait 
pas domicilie dans une ville ou resideroient des Chevaliers 
de ce grade,- ne devant pas etre trop multiplie, ou dans des 
lieux oii il n'y auroit que des Loges etablies sur de faux 
principes, ou avec de fausses constitutions ; en ce cas il a 
le droit de les interdire, ou de les mettre dans la bonne 
voie, selon sa sagesse et sa prudence. 

ARTICLE IX. 

Si un Chevalier a commis quelques fautes graves, on ne 
pourra lui infliger de peines, qu'apres l'avoir entendu, et 
en avoir delibere, la Loge regulierement assemblee a cet 
effet, c'est-a-dire qu'il faut que tous les Chevaliers d'Orient 
soient convoques et que le plus grand nombre y soit. Les 
fautes et les punitions des Chevaliers seront tenues cachees 
aux freres des grades inferieurs, sous les plus grands 
peines. Les Conseils pour deliberer sur la police seront 
composes de sept Chevaliers au moins. 

ARTICLE X. 

Lorsqu'il sera question de faire passer un Elu, Parfait et 
Sublime Macon au grade de Chevalier d'Orient, il sera 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 105 

eral. The Council of Knights of the East takes cognizance 
of all disagreements among Grand Elect, Perfect and 
Sublime Masons. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

A Knight of the East has the right, wherever he travels, 
when he meets an Apprentice, Fellow Craft, or Master 
Mason, provided there are in the place no Lodges of the 
six lower degrees, to confer on such Bro.\ those six de- 
grees, if he find him worthy, but each at a different time. 
Though a Knight has the power to constitute other 
Knights, he does not do so except in extraordinary cases, 
and in favour of a Bro.\ domiciled in a place where no 
Knights of this degree reside ; because it ought not to be 
too much multiplied ; or in places where there are no 
Lodges except such as are established on false principles, 
or with irregular constitutions. In that case, he may either 
interdict such Lodges, or heal them, as his wisdom and 
prudence may direct. 

ARTICLE IX. 

If a Knight commit any grave offence, he is not to be 
punished therefor until he has been heard in his defence, 
nor until the matter has been regularly tried by the Lodge, 
met for that purpose ; that is to say, when all the Knights 
of the East have been summoned to attend, and a majority 
of them is present. The offences committed by Knights, 
and the punishment inflicted, are to be kept from the 
knowledge of all Brethren of inferior degrees, under the 
greatest penalties! Councils held to consider matters of 
police must consist of seven Knights, at least. 

ARTICLE X. 

When it is desired to advance an Elect, Perfect and 
Sublime Mason to the degree of Knight of the East, a 



106 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

propose un mois avant, pour avoir le temps de s'informer 
s'il s'est acquitte de ses devoirs avec zele et exactitude. 

ARTICLE XI. 

Tout Chevalier d'Orient a droit de commettre des 
Grands Elus, Parfaits pour veiller a la conduite des FF.\ 
qui aspirent aux Hauts Grades. 

ARTICLE XII. 

Nul Grand Elu, Parfait ne pourra parvenir au grade de 
Chevalier d'Orient qu'il n'ait ete nomme pour veiller a la 
conduite de tous les FF.\, et qu'il ne s'en soit acquitte au 
moins pendant sept mois ; le temps peut cependant etre 
diminue, selon les circonstances. 

ARTICLE XIII. 

Quoi qu'il soit porte par les articles 2, 4 et 6, que les 
Chevaliers ne pourront exercer leurs offices que pendant 
un an, ils pourront cependant continuer une seconde annee, 
s'il ne se trouve aucun Chevalier propre a remplir la place 
vacante. Le Jour de la Fete annuelle du 22 Mars, celui 
qui doit en sortir sera engage a. continuer une seconde 
annee, pour le bien de l'Ordre. 

ARTICLE XIV. 

Tous les Chevaliers d'Orient doivent se mettre en etat 
de remplir les places du grade des Souverains de l'Ordre 
de la Maconnerie. Ils doivent etre instruits que c'est pour 
cette raison, et par les principes d'egalita et d'harmonie qui 
doivent regner entr'eux, que les dignites doivent etre pos- 
sedees chacune tour a tour. En consequence, le Grand 
Conseil d'Orient s'assemblera une fois par mois, pour que 
les Chevaliers s'exercent alternativement sur tous les 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 107 

month, at least, must elapse after he is proposed, that the 
Council may have time to inform itself whether he has 
zealously and accurately performed his duties. 



ARTICLE XL 

Every Knight of the East has the right to commission 
Grand Elect, Perfect [and Sublime Masons] to supervise the 
conduct of such Brethren as aspire to the High Degrees. 

ARTICLE XII. 

No Grand Elect, Perfect [and Sublime Mason] can attain 
the degree of Knight of the East, until he has been ap- 
pointed to supervise the conduct of all the Brethren, and has 
done so for seven months ; but that time may be shortened 
according to circumstances. 

ARTICLE XIII. 

Although it is provided by Articles 2, 4 and 6, that the 
Knights hold office only one year, they may yet serve a sec- 
ond term, if no Knight be found suitable to fill the vacant 
place. On the annual Feast-day of the 22d of March, he 
who should go out of office may in such case, and for the 
good of the Order, be required to serve a second term. 

ARTICLE XIV. 

All Knights of the East ought to qualify themselves to fill 
the places of the Degree of the Sovereigns of the Masonic 
Order. They should learn that it is for this reason, and 
upon those principles of harmony and equality that ought to 
govern among them, that the dignities are to be filled, each 
in its turn. Consequently, the Grand Council of the East 
will meet once a month for practice by each of the Knights 
alternately in all the degrees. It would be a humiliating 



108 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

grades. II seroit humiliant pour un Magon, parvenu a la 
sublimite de ce grade, d'ignorer la science des grades infe- 
rieurs, lni qui est oblige d'instruire les autres. 



ARTICLE XV. 

Quand un Chevalier d'Orient visite une Loge de Perfec- 
tion ou de Royal Arche, il doit etre recu avec les honneurs 
de la voute ; et si le Venerable n'est point Chevalier, il est 
oblige de lui offrir le maillet et son siege, qu'il peut accep- 
ter ou refuser. S'il accepte, ce n'est que pour un moment ; 
il s'assied a la droite du Venerable, qui lui offre l'inspection 
de tous les travaux de la Loge. Si plusieurs Chevaliers 
visitent la Loge ensemble, ils prennent place a la droite et 
a la gauche du Trois-fois-Puissant, qui offre le maillet au 
plus ancien. 

ARTICLE XVI. 

Chaque Chevalier aura une copie des presents articles, 
collationee et certifiee veritable par le Grand Garde des 
Sceaux, une copie des Statuts et Reglemens de la Perfec- 
tion, et une copie des Reglemens Generaux de la Loge du 
premier Grade, afin d'etre en etat de maintenir le bon 
ordre et la discipline partout et dans toutes les Loges 
regulieres qu'il visitera. 

Collationne et certifiS veritable, par nous, Souverain 
Grand Commandeur et Grand Garde des Sceaux, du 
Grand Conseil du Roj^al Secret, a l'Orient de Charleston, 
Caroline du Sud. 

[Signe par Delahogue et de Grasse, comme les autres 
pieces.] 

La copie d'AvEiLHE, certifie et vise comme les autres 
pieces, sous tous les rapports. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. IO9 

thing for a Mason who has attained the sublime height of 
this degree, not to know the science of the inferior degrees, 
when he is obliged to instruct others therein. 

*• 

ARTICLE XV. 

When a Knight of the East visits a Lodge of Perfection 
or of the Royal Arch, he is to be received with the hon- 
ours of the Arch ; and if the Venerable is not a Knight, he 
must offer such visitor his mallet and his seat, which he 
may accept or refuse. If he accepts, he retains them but a 
moment, and then seats himself on the right of the Ven.\, 
who requests him to inspect all the work of the Lodge. If 
several Knights together visit a Lodge, they sit on the 
right and left of the Th.\ Puissant, who offers the mallet 
tp the eldest. 

ARTICLE XVI. 

Every Knight must have a copy of these present Articles, 
compared and certified to be correct by the Grand Keeper 
of the Seals, a copy of the Statutes and Regulations of 
Perfection, and a copy of the General Regulations for 
Lodges of the first degree, that he may be competent to 
maintain good order and discipline everywhere, and in all 
regular Lodges that he may visit. 

Compared, and certified as correct by us, Sovereign 
Gr.\ Commander and Grand Keeper of the Seals of the 
Grand Council of the Royal Secret at the Orient of 
Charleston, South Carolina. 

[Signed by Delahogue and de Grasse, like the other 
documents.] 

The copy of Aveilhe certified and visdd like the last 
document, in all respects. 



The following Institutes, Statutes and Regulations are translated from 
the Recueil des Actes du Supreme Conseil de France; where they are given as a 
part or sequence of the Constitution of 1762, without an)' indication of 
date or parentage. I have not succeeded in learning anything in regard to 
" Adington, Chancellor ;" but as they seem to have emanated from the 
Orient of 17 58' North Lat., they were, no doubt, enacted by the Sov.\ Gr.\ 
Council of Sub/. Princes, of the Royal Secret (25th degree) at Kingston, 
Jamaica, which, in 1797 and 1798, claimed, and was admitted to have power 
of discipline and control over that at Charleston, according to authentic 
documents in the Archives of the Sup.'. Council at Charleston. 



INSTITUTES. 




RT. I. The Grand Inspectors General of the 
Order, and Presidents of the Sublime Councils 
of Princes of High Masonry, are by impre- 
scriptible title the Chiefs of High Masonry. 

Art. 2. The Tribunal that directs the administration of 
High Masonry, and constitutes the different dependent 
degrees thereof, is styled the Grand Consistory. 

Art. 3. The Grand Inspectors General, and the Presi- 
dents of the Grand Councils of the Sublime Princes of the 
Royal Secret, are life-members of the Grand Consistory. 

Art. 4. The Grand Consistory is composed of the 
Grand Inspector of the Order, of the Presidents of the 
Councils of the Sublime Princes, and of twenty-one of the 
oldest of the Sublime Princes, taken in the order of pri- 
ority of reception as such. 

Art. 5. All Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret are 
entitled to be present in the assemblies of the Grand Con- 
sistory, and to partake of its deliberations. 

Art. 6. To the Grand Consistory belongs all power in 
regard to the doctrine of High Masonry. 

(no) 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. Ill 

Art. 7. Twelve Grand Officers, selected out of the 
Grand Inspectors General, the Presidents of the Councils 
of the Sublime Princes, and those Sublime Princes who 
are members of the Grand Consistory, compose the Corps 
of Dignitaries of that body ; to wit : 

1st. The Sovereign Grand Commander; 
2d. The Lieutenant Grand Commander; 
3d. The Second Lieutenant Grand Commander; 
4th. The Minister of State ; 
5th. The Grand Chancellor; 
6th. The Treasurer General ; 
7th. The Grand Keeper of the Seals and Archives ; 
8th. The Grand Master of Ceremonies ; 
9th. The Grand Expert Introducer ; 
10th. The Grand Expert Standard-bearer ; 
nth. The Grand Captain of the Guards; 
1 2th. The Grand Hospitaller. 

Art. 8. Every Grand Council of Sublime Princes of the 
Royal Secret, and every Council of Grand Elect Kadosh 
is entitled to be represented in the Grand Consistory by a 
Deputy, who must be selected from among the Sublime 
Princes duly patented and recognized. 

Art. 9. The Sovereign Grand Commander, or in his 
place and by his authorization, the First Lieutenant Grand 
Commander, or in his absence the Second Lieutenant 
Grand Commander, are the only persons who can convoke 
and preside over the Grand Consistory : and if the special 
case should occur that all these three Grand officers are 
out of the jurisdiction, then, and always by special author- 
ization, some one of the Grand officers shall be appointed 
in their stead, the nomination being made in a meeting of 
the Grand Consistory, specially convoked. 

Art. 10. In a meeting of the Grand Consistory, specially 
convoked, seven members, including the Grand Com- 



112 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

mander or one of his Lieutenants, may open the work, and 
the proceedings will be legal, but under no pretext can any 
business be done with a less number. 

STATUTES. 

Art. i. The Grand Consistory will meet four times a 
year, in Assembly of Communication, — on the 21st of 
March, 25th of June, 21st of September, and 27th of De- 
cember. In these communications whatever concerns 
High Masonry in general will be considered. Besides 
these four communications, one will be convoked every 
month, to give special consideration to the affairs of the 
Order. 

Art. 2. Every three years, on the 27th of December, 
the Grand Consistory will elect its Grand Officers, from 
among the Grand Inspectors General, the Presidents of 
the Councils of the Sublime Princes, and the twenty-one 
active members of the Grand Consistory. Those holding 
the Grand Offices may be reelected. 

Art. 3. The ex-Grand Officers of the Grand Consistory 
are entitled to a patent of the official rank which they have 
respectively held, wherein the time during which they held 
such office shall be specified. 

Art. 4. There shall be appointed by the Grand Consis- 
tory, from among the Sublime Princes, Deputy Inspectors 
General, to represent it in the different places under its 
jurisdiction ; whose powers shall be defined by the instruc- 
tions given them, when their Constitutional patents shall 
be transmitted or delivered to them. 

Art. 5. Each Deputy Inspector General shall, within 
his department, see executed the Institutes, Statutes and 
General Regulations of High Masonry, shall compel 
regularity in the work, and shall represent the Grand Con- 
sistory in whatever appertains to the General Administra- 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 113 

tion, shall act as an Inspector, and shall make full report 
to the Grand Consistory, which report shall be read in the 
Grand Assemblies of Communication. 

Art. 6. All questions brought before the Grand Consis- 
tory shall be settled and determined by plurality of votes. 
The President alone shall have two votes. No question 
can be discussed except on a motion seconded, nor any one 
decided until the opinion of the Minister of State has been 
given. 

Art. 7. The resolutions of the Grand Councils of the 
Sublime Princes, when an appeal is taken therefrom to the 
Grand Consistory, shall not have execution until after 
affirmance by the Grand Consistory, and notification of the 
resolution of affirmance. 

Art. 8. There shall be appointed, in the bosom of the 
Grand Consistory, a Committee of General Administra- 
tion, composed of six members, including always the Min- 
ister of State, the Grand Chancellor and the Treasurer 
General. This Committee shall be required to furnish 
reports of its action and decisions, but these shall be pro- 
visionally executed in cases of emergency. 

Art. 9. A register shall be kept, of all the Sublime 
Princes of the Royal Secret, who are duly recognized and 
patented, containing the date of reception of each, his 
name, surname, age and domicil. 

Art. 10. Each Grand Council of Sublime Princes of the 
Royal Secret, Council of Knights Kadosh, etc., etc., shall 
keep a register, containing the dates of their Patents of 
Constitution, the circumstances of their establishment, and 
the names of their members ; all in accordance with the 
reports made by the different Deputy Inspectors General. 

Art. 11. The Grand Keeper of the Seals shall affix the 
seal only upon the signature of the Sovereign Grand Com- 
mander, or his Representative; in matters affecting the 
General Administration, only upon those of the Minister 



114 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

of State and Grand Chancellor; and to Patents to be 
issued, only on those of the seven first Grand Officers. 

Art. i 2c All petitions presented to the Grand Consis- 
tory, for Patents of Constitution to establish a Sacred 
Asylum of High Masonry, shall be referred to the Inspec- 
tor General of the Department, who shall annex thereto 
his report showing the Masonic character of the petitioners, 
and his opinion as to the propriety of refusing or granting 
the Patent, with an exact statement of the names, surnames, 
ages, occupations and domicils of the Petitioners, that 
upon full advice the Grand Consistory may determine as 
may seem right. 

Art. 13. The Grand Inspectors General of the Order, 
duly patented and recognized, in foreign countries where 
there is no Grand Consistory, have the incontestable right 
to erect, constitute, prohibit, suspend and exclude, in the 
Lodges of Perfection, etc., as they shall deem proper; they 
reporting to the Grand Consistory from which their powers 
are derived ; and on the express charge of conforming 
strictly to the Institutes, Statutes and General Regulations 
of High Masonry. 

Art. 14. A Patent of Constitution for the establishment 
of a Sacred Asylum of High Masonry shall not issue, 
unless there be at least five Brethren to compose it, of the 
degree of Sublime Prince of the Royal Secret, for a Sov- 
ereign Grand Council of that degree ; seven Knights Elect 
Kadosh for a Grand Council of that degree ; and seven 
of the proper degree for any other body. 

Art. 15. A register shall be kept, divided into four col- 
umns ; the first of which shall contain the petitions pre- 
sented by the different Lodges of Perfection or by the 
Deputy Inspectors General ; the second, the name of the 
Department, the locality of the body, and the vertical 
point; the third, the names of the Commissioners who re- 
port on the application ; and the fourth, the decisions 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. I15 

thereon. The Chancellor General shall alone have the 
right to make extracts from this Register, and deliver them 
to those entitled to receive them, compared and signed by 
them, and sealed with the Great Seal. 

Art. 16. At the time of the installation of a Sacred Asy- 
lum of High Masonry, the members composing it shall 
all make and sign their pledge of obedience to the Insti- 
tutes, Statutes and General Regulations of High Masonry ; 
a duplicate whereof shall be sent up by the Deputy In- 
spector General to the Grand Consistory, to be deposited 
in the archives, with the other proceedings at such instal- 
lation. 

Art. 17. The form of the pledge shall be as follows : 

" We, the undersigned, do hereby 

declare that we do agree to abide by and execute the In- 
stitutes, Statutes, and General Regulations, and obey the 
Supreme Tribunal of High Masonry, conformably to the 
tenor and true meaning of the obligations which we have 
assumed in the initiations into the several Sublime degrees 
that we have received." 

Art. 18. The installation of a Sacred Asylum of High 
Masonry in the Capital or Seat of the Grand Consistory, 
shall be always done by three of its members ; and in a 
Province, by the Deputy Inspector General of the juris- 
diction, who, in such case, is authorized to delegate part 
of his powers to the two highest in degree among 
the brethren, that they may assist him in the installa- 
tion. 



In the fullness of their wisdom and power, the Chiefs and 
true Protectors of High Masonry have decreed and estab- 
lished the present Institutes, Statutes and General Regula 
tions, to be at all points kept and observed according to 
their own form and tenor. 



Il6 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

Given at the Central Point of the True Light, the 20th 
day of the 2d Month, Ijar, of the year of the world 5732. 

{Compared and signed) Adington, 

Grand Chancellor. 



TO THE GLORY OF THE GRAND ARCHITECT OF THE UNIVERSE.' 

At the Orient of the World, under the C.\ C.\ of the 
Zenith, near the Burning Bush, at the vertical point that 
answers to iy° 58' South [North?] Lat.\, under the sign of 
Capricorn, of the 9th day of the 2d Month named Ijar, 
5801. 

By order of the Grand Sovereign Consistory of Princes 
Metropolitan of Heredom, I the Grand Chancellor, have 
delivered and certified the following extract from the Gen- 
eral Collection of Constitutional Balustres of the Grand 
Metropolitan Consistory, to be transmitted to the Grand 
Deputy of the Grand Consistory established at the Cen- 
tral Point of 18 47' North Latitude * 

{Signed) Adington, 

Grand Chancellor. 

* Note : Jeremie,in the Island of San Domingo. 



EXTRACT 



FROM THE 



Collection of Constitutional Balustres. 
Instructions as to the General Principles 

OF 

Art. i. Whenever, in a State where there is neither a 
Grand Consistory nor a Grand Council of Sublime Princes 
of the Royal Secret, there are any Grand Inspectors Gen- 
eral and Princes of the Royal Secret, the Grand Inspector 
General whose patent and recognition bear the oldest date, 
or, if there be no Inspectors General, then the oldest 
Prince of the Royal Secret, is invested with the adminis- 
trative and dogmatic power of High Masonry, and takes 
accordingly the title of Sovereign. 

Art. 2. He confers the last degrees, and gives patents 
thereupon, without other formality than the counter-signa- 
ture of his Grand Chancellor. 

Art. 3. In cases not provided for by the law of High 
Masonry, his decisions have the force of law, and are to be 
executed throughout his jurisdiction. 

Art. 4. The Grand Inspectors General, and Princes of 
the Royal Secret, have the right to initiate, to inspect Ma- 
sonic work, and to exercise a general superintendence over 
the execution of the Institutes, Statutes, and General Reg- 
ulations ; but, in all cases, they must report their action to 
the Sovereign, and it must be sanctioned and vise'd by him. 
8 (117) 



Il8 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

Art. 5. Every Grand Inspector General, or Prince of 
the Royal Secret, in the cases provided for by articles 1, 2 
and 3, must keep an exact record of his Masonic action, 
each act in the regular order of its date. 

Art. 6. This record should be opened by an entry 
stating the Masonic character of the person keeping it, the 
purpose of the Register, and the names and quality of 
those whom he initiates, and be closed by a ne varietur, 
paraphed, with mention of the number of folios of which 
the Register consists. 

Art. 7. Whenever a Grand Inspector General, or Prince 
of the Royal Secret, recognizes a brother of the same rank, 
he should vise the patent of such brother, and have his own 
vised by him, the visa being dated, and giving the vertical 
point of the place. 

Art. 8. Every Grand Inspector or Prince of the Royal 
Secret must require all whom he initiates or affiliates, be- 
fore their reception, to take the obligation prescribed by 
the General Regulations of High Masonry ; and he is re- 
quired to dismiss those who refuse to comply with this 
pre-requisite. 

Art. 9. A Grand Inspector General, or Prince of the 
Royal Secret must take the greatest care to enter upon his 
register every Masonic act done by him, in the order in 
which, and as soon as, each is done, and accurately to in- 
dex it, so that every entry may be readily referred to ; and 
he must also have each entry signed by the person affilia- 
ted, initiated, etc. ; as also a duplicate of the necessary 
obligation, to be laid up in his archives. 

Art. 10. Those Grand Inspectors General and Princes 
Masons who are at too great a distance to obtain the sanc- 
tion and visa of the Sovereign, must at least once a year 
forward to him a copy of the minutes of their proceedings, 
in due form, to obtain his sanction. 

Art. 11. In a country where there is no Grand Consis- 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. II9 

tory established, but only Grand Councils of the Sublime 
Princes Masons of the Royal Secret, the Grand Inspectors 
General and Princes Masons can exercise their powers 
only when domiciled at least 25 leagues from the nearest 
Council. 

Art. 12. As soon as a Grand Consistory is established 
in a Country, the Grand Inspectors General and Princes 
Masons lose the right of individually exercising the ad- 
ministrative and doctrinal power, it being then concentred 
in the Central Authority. 

Art. 13. The Grand Inspectors General and Princes 
Masons, when seven of them meet in General Committee, 
in a country where no Legislative body of High Masonry 
exists, may apply for a charter of organization to the Sov- 
ereign Grand Inspector General ; who has, in that case, 
authority to constitute the body applied for. 



Of Leg islation. 
ONLY CHAPTER 



The Grand Dignitaries of at least five Grand Councils 
of Sublime Princes, met in General Committee in the Me- 
tropolis of a Country in which no Legislative Body of 
High Masonry has been established, have the right to or- 
ganize a Constituent Chapter General, and to select from 
the members of the Committee those who shall compose it; 
conforming in all respects to the laws of High Masonry. 



Of Administration and Doctrine. 

Art. 1. The Grand Inspectors General and Princes of 
the Royal Secret, met in the General Committee in the 
Metropolis of a Country where no Consistory is yet estab- 



120 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

lished, have the right to organize themselves into a Grand 
Consistory, and to select from the members of the Com- 
mittee those who are to'compose the Consistory; conform- 
ing, in establishing the same, to the general laws of High 
Masonry. 

Art. 2. All the Grand Inspectors General and Princes 
Masons throughout such country should be convoked on 
the occasion ; and to be recognized as such, each should 
be legally patented, and his patent regularly sealed, signed 
and counter-signed. 

Art. 3. The Consistory so established will be at once 
invested with all the administrative and doctrinal power 
allowed by the laws of High Masonry. 



Of the Organization of the Grand Consistory. 

Art. 1. The Grand Consistor}^ is organized as follows: 
Twelve Grand Officers or Dignitaries are chosen at wiM 
from among the Grand Inspectors General and the Presi- 
dents of the Grand Councils of the Sublime Princes, who 
are members by right of the Grand Consistory, and from 
among the twenty-one eldest Princes Masons, duly patented 
and recognized. 

Art. 2. After the Grand Dignitaries of the Consistory 
are elected, a Supreme Council of Grand Inspectors Gen- 
eral, or Grand Council of Appeal and Legislation is 
established. 

Art. 3. The twelve eldest Grand Inspectors General, 
not being Grand Dignitaries, form the Grand Council of 
Appeal ; in which character they take the oath and are 
proclaimed. 

Art. 4. In the deliberations of the Grand Consistory, 
the members of the Grand Council of Appeal may join in 
debate, but do not vote. 

Art. 5. In case there should not be a sufficient number 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 121 

of Grand Inspectors General to complete the Grand Con- 
sistory, the eldest Presidents of the Councils, and in de- 
fault of them, the eldest of the Princes Members of the 
Councils, are proclaimed Grand Inspectors General, and 
members of the Grand Consistory. 

Art. 6. Besides the twenty -one active members, there are 
selected, always in the order of their age, from among the 
Sublime Princes, adjunct members, to complete the num- 
ber of the Grand Consistory, which is fixed at eighty-one : 
so that the Grand Dignitaries, Grand Officers, Members of 
the Supreme Grand Council of Appeal, Presidents of the 
Councils, and the active and adjunct members, to the num- 
ber in all of eighty-one, complete the Grand Consistory. 

Art. 7. The Adjunct Members, though a part of the 
Grand Consistory, have only a consultative voice therein ; 
but they may be called to fill temporarily the places and 
perform the duties of the Dignitaries and Officers. 

Art. 8. They of right take the places, when vacant, of the 
active members in the deliberations; in which case they 
have a right to vote, and succeed to all the rights of those 
whose places they fill. 

Art. 9. The Deputies or Representatives of the Sublime 
Councils of Princes can be selected from among them only. 

Art. 10. They may be appointed to serve on Commit- 
tees and as members of Deputations, and to perform other 
duties in the ceremonial of the Grand Consistory. 



Of the Prerogatives of the Grand Councils of the Sublime 
Princes of the Royal Secret. 

Art. 1. The Grand Councils of Princes Masons exercise 
the Departmental power in their respective jurisdictions. 

\rt. 2. They have the power of inspection of all the 
works of High Masonry. 

Art. 3. And of seeing to the execution of the general 



122 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 



laws of High Masonry, and the particular regulations of 
the Grand Consistory. 

Art. 4. They transmit and present directly to the Grand 
Consistory, in their own names, the petitions for patents 
and charters preferred to them by the Chapters and Coun- 
cils under their jurisdiction. 



Of the Deputy Inspectors General. 

Art. 1. The Deputy Inspectors General established in 
a jurisdiction where there is no Grand Consistory, will be 
the representatives of the Grand Consistory, and perform 
those duties of supervision and inspection that are above 
assigned to the Grand Councils of the Sublime Princes. 

Art. 2. They are, however, bound in all respects to 
conform to what is prescribed for their government by the 
laws of High Masonry. 

EXEMPLIFICATION compared and certified to be correct : 

[Signed.] ADINGTON, 

Grand Chancellor, 




A HISTORICAL INQUIRY 



IN REGARD TO 



tsfy (|ran& (JonsfifoHons ojf 1786. 




A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

HE Supreme Council at Charleston had, originally, only the 
French imperfect copy, hereinafter given, of these Constitu- 
tions of 1786. The Latin copy first appeared appended to 
the Treaty made at Paris, on the 23d of February, 1834, 
between the Hicks " Supreme Council for the Western Hemisphere," at 
New York, the Supreme Council of France, and the so-called Supreme 
Council of Brazil, created by the Cerneau or Hicks body; to which the 
Supreme Council of Belgium afterwards acceded. 

The Latin copy, then published, was certified, as will be seen at the 
conclusion of the copy now printed, by eight gentlemen, the names of 
some of whom are noble, and all well and honorably known, to have been 
by them carefully examined and compared with the authentic* official copy 
of the Institutes, etc., u whereof the officialf duplicates are deposited and 
have been carefully and faithfully preserved in all their purity, among the 
Archives of the Order." Wherefore they certified the copy appended 
to the Treaty, to be "faithfully and literally conformable to the originals 
of the said documents." 

Setier, who signed this certificate, was the printer by whom the Recueil 
des Acles du Supreme Conseil de France had been published, containing 
the French copy of the Constitutions, in 1832. The Baron Freteau de 
Peny and Comte Thiebauf, who also signed it, were members of the Su- 
preme Council of France, of high respectability : and among the other 

* ' A l'exp''dition authentique.' "Expedition : the copy of an act of justice, 
[judicial record,] signed by a public officer." — Diet, of French Academy. 

f ' Les Ampliations officielles ' "Ampliation : Term of Finance, [a Treas- 
ury phrase] : The duplicate of an acquittance or other act, which is retained 
for production." — Diet. French Academy. "The Duplicate." — Fleming and 
Tibbins Diet. "Official copy, exemplification, duplicate," — Spiers & Sideline's 
Diet. 

(i*5) 



126 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

signers was one whose name is known to and honored by the whole civil- 
ized world, the Marquis de La Fayette. 

This certificate, and any intrinsic evidence afforded by the Constitu- 
tions themselves, are all the direct and positive proof we have of their au- 
thenticity. It is at least higher evidence than we have of the authenticity 
of Anderson's Constitutions, especially since the discovery of the sup- 
pressed edition of 1722: and very few historical or religious documents 
or books have as direct and explicit evidence in their favor. 

Of the French copy, we only know that the copy published in the He- 
wlett des Actes is in all respects like that which the Supreme Council of 
France had in 1817, furnished it by the Bro.\ Comte de Grasse ; and 
that it is no doubt identical with that which the Supreme Council at 
Charleston had at the beginning. 

That Supreme Council never had the Latin copy in its archives at all, 
until the present Grand Commander, about the year 1855, was furnished 
at New Orleans with an original copy of the Treaty, with the Grand Con- 
stitutions in Latin appended, printed in France in 1834. 

The odious charge has been again and again repeated, that these Latin 
Constitutions were forged at Charleston. It is quite certain that this is 
not true, because the Supreme Council at Charleston never had them, 
until it received copies of the edition published by the Grand Com- 
mander. If they were forged anywhere, it was not at Charleston: and if 
anything was forged there, it was ihe French copy, as it afterwards ap- 
peared in the Recueil des Actes. 

We state elsewhere in this volume, the reasons that have led us to 
believe that the French Constitutions were but an informal redaction in 
French of the substance of the Articles of the Latin Constitutions, with- 
out any formulas of preface or authentication, and that they were brought to 
this country by the Bro.\ Comte de Grasse; and why they were made to 
allow two Supreme Councils for the United States, and one for the French 
and one for the English West Indian Islands; while the Latin Constitu- 
tions allow but two for all North America. 

The character of the men who first became Members of the Supreme 
Council at Charleston, repels the idea that they forged the French Consti- 
tutions. Colonel Mitchell and Maj >r Bowen had been officers in the 
Army of the United States; Dr. Dalcho was a reputable Clergyman; Dr. 
Auld a man of high character and physician ; Dr. Moultrie a gentle- 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 1 2? 

man of unimpeachable honour; and as Colonel Mitchell and Dr. Dalcho 
were the first two members, the forgery, if there was any, must have been 
committed or procured by, or known to, one or both of them. 

We, at one time, and for some years, thought it probable that Frederic 
the Great had nothing to do with these Constitutions, but that they origi- 
nated in Europe, perhaps at Geneva, not long before the year 1800, and 
that they were attributed to a Supreme Council convened at Berlin, and 
purported to have been approved by Frederic, by a pious fraud, similar 
to those which imputed the Epistle of Barnabas and the Apocryphal Gos- 
pels to the persons whose names they bear ; which created the Charter of 
Cologne, and Masonic Manuscripts alleged to be in the Bodleian library; 
to the authorship of the laws of Numa imputed to the Nymph Egeria, 
and of the Koran to the Angel Gabriel. 

But we now believe that they were made at Berlin, under the auspices 
of Frederic, in May, 1786, and that he was the Patron and Protector of 
the high degrees, and did approve these Grand Constitutions. We have 
not endeavored to be convinced, nor have had any opinion which we felt 
a pride in sustaining : and we now propose to place the reader in posses- 
sion of the facts that have changed our opinion, and leave each to decide 
for himself. 



The Baron de Marguerittes said, on the trial of the Comte de Grasse 
Tilly, Grand Commander, before a part of the Members of the Supreme 
Council for the French Possessions of America, claiming to be such Su- 
preme Council, in September, 18 t8, (after quoting in full, Articles 5, 9, 
10, 12 and 17 of the French Constitutions, precisely as these were after- 
wards printed in the Rscusil des Actes): "Know, M.\ 111.'. Brethren, 
that a Scottish Knight has in his possession the original charter of 1786, 
signed with his own hand by the late Frederic the Great, King of Prussia. 
This Code will be placed before your eyes; and you will then acquire the 
new conviction that there exists no other Regulator, no other Constitution 
that has instituted the Supreme Councils,' and that therefore there cannot 
be any other Power on earth than these same Supreme Councils of Sov.\ 
Gr.\ Insps.'. Gen.*., rightfully and legitimately exercising the Supreme and 
Sovereign Government of the Scottish Masonry." 

That Frederic was understood, in the United States, to be the chief of 
the High Masonry in Europe, is quite certain. On the 2d of November, 



128 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

1785, the Bro.\ Solomon Bush, who was " Grand Elect, Perfect and Sub- 
lime Knight of the East and Prince of Jerusalem, Sovereign Knight of the 
Sun, and of the Black and White Eagle, Prince of the Royal Secret, and 
Deputy Inspector General, and Grand Master over all Lodges, Chapters 
and Grand Councils of the Superior Degrees, in North America, within 
the State of Pennsylvania," by Letters-Patent/rom "the Sovereign Grand 
Council of Princes, under their hands and seals regularly established by 
the Sublime Grand Council of Princes" addressed a letter to Frederic, 
as " Most Sublime and Powerful Sovereign, Illustrious Chief of the Grand 
Council of Masons ;" in which he solicits the King, as " our Great Thrice 
Puissant and Grand Commander," "in the dignified and exalted rank 
which you have done us the honor to maintain, in your generous Presi- 
dency over the two Hemispheres, at the Great East of Berlin," graciously 
to hear him, upon the subject of the letter. 

In it he speaks of the King's " Sovereign guidance of the Grand Coun- 
cil of the Spacious Hemisphere of Knights and Princes ;" of " the Regu- 
lations and establishments of the Grand Council," and declares that he 
feels himself called upon, in conformity to them, and in " compliance with 
the particular desires and partialities of the Sublime Grand Chapter over 
which I preside, to acquaint our worthy and much beloved Brethren in 
Council convened, at the Grand East in Berlin," that he had, in pursuance 
of the powers vested in him, " made, created, constituted and established 
a Sublime Lodge at the Grand East of Philadelphia, in Pennsylvania and 
North America aforesaid ; and on the 20th day of September, 1785, in the 
presence of a great and numerous Assembly of the Fraternity, publicly 
consecrated the same, and set it apart for the purposes of Sublime Masonry 
forever." 

Distant from " the Grand East of Berlin," those for whom he spoke 
desired to comply with " those salutary rules and wise regulations, which 
have been framed and concerted for our better government," and therefore 
solicited Masonic intercourse and correspondence, that "we may not abuse 
the old Landmarks, or deviate from that regard, which is so justly due to 
the will of our Sovereigns;" and expressed the hope, " that the great light 
of Berlin will condescend to shine upon us." , 

And he said, "Agreeably to the rules of the Grand Councils, 1 now 
enclose a list of the members of our Lodge, in the prescribed form. We 
wish the Grand Council every success and prosperity," etc. 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. I2g 

This letter may be found in the ' Mirror and Keystone* (Phila.) of 
July 5, 1854, p. 212. 

In the old minute-book (111.*. Bro. \ Carson, of Cincinnati, says) of the 
Grand Lodge of Perfection at Albany, New York, established in 1767, 
the Lodge is required, under date of September 3d, 1770, to prepare 
reports, etc., for transmission to Berlin. 

We have in our possession a ritual of the Rose Croix of Kilwinning, 
which is a copy of one certified by Huet de Lachelle, " Ecuyer Senechal 
du Petit Goave, Grand Maitre du Grand et Sublime Chap.'. Provincial 
d'Heredom de Kilwinning, seant au Petit Goave, Isle St. Domingue, 
sous le litre distinct if du St. Esprit" on the 26th of October, 1796, in 
which it is stated by the Bro.*. Lachelle, that the Chapter of Rose Croix 
established in the Island of Santo Domingo, prior to the year 1788, not 
being regular, that at the Petit Goave corresponded with the " Grand 
Loge du Grand et Sublime Ordre d"Herede Kilwinning, in France," sit- 
ting at the 0.\ of Rouen, to procure regularization ; which Grand Lodge 
offered its services, to aid them them in effecting it. " We made our 
application," he says, "to the Chief of the Order, through the interme- 
diation of the Grand Lodge of France at Rouen In 1788 we ob- 
tained, from the Sovereign Chief of the Order, our Constitutions of Grand 
Lodge of the Royal Order of Heredom of Kilwinning in Santo Do- 
mingo." And afterwards he states that the Chef d? Ordre, by one of his 
letters, authorized him to regularize the Chapter La Verite, which had 
emigrated from Cap Francois to Baltimore in Maryland, at the commence- 
ment of the Revolution on the Island ; having been originally estab- 
lished by a Bro.*. who had no authority. It was healed by a Bro.'. 
sent to Baltimore for the purpose, in the name of the Chief of the 
Order. 

Some individual in Europe, it seems, was regarded as the head of the 
Order, about the time when Frederic died ; as the correspondence spoken 
of is said to have been attended with great delays ; .and the first reply 
from the Grand Lodge of Rouen arrived in 1787. 

In 1789, FranQois Xavier Martin, afterwards for many years Chief 
Justice of the Supreme Court of the State of Louisiana, in an address 
delivered at Newbern, in North Carolina, published two or three years 
afterward in the Free Masons Magazine, London, said that Frederic the 
Great was, in his lifetime, at the head of Masonry in Europe. 



130 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

In TEncydopedie Magonnique,' of Chemin Dupontes, published at 
Paris in 1823, Vol. 3, p. 390, is the following Article: 

HIGH DEGREES OF SCOTTICISM. 

" Here is that wherewith to put to the torture all the present and future 
Saumaises of Masonry. The Scottish Masonry in twenty-five degrees 
certainly existed in 1761 ; but that in thirty-three was generally believed 
to have been fabricated in America, and not to have been carried to France 
until 1 804, by refugee colonists, who are accused of having falsely attribu- 
ted it to Frederic, in order to gain for it greater credit. 

u . But we have seen, handled and most accurately copied a patent of 
33d , delivered by a Consistory at Geneva, in 1797, to the Resp.\ Bro.*. 
Vill.\ at present an officer of the Grand Orient of France, which would 
seem to prove, that if Frederic the Great did not organize the Scottish 
Masonry, in 33 degrees, in 1786, which it was impossible for him to do, 
considering the state of his health, this Scottish Masonry nevertheless 
existed in some of the States of Europe. The Bro.*. Vill.\ who might, 
by having himself regularized by the Gr.\ Orient of France, and deposit- 
ing with it his patent, have been excused from payment of one half the 
fees, preferred to retain the patent, and receive the degree anew, as if not 
in possession of it already. Here follows an accurate description of this 
document, so important in the history of Masonry. 

" It is surmounted by an Eagle with wings displayed, holding a compass 
in one of its claws, and in the other, a key. A ribbon surrounds it, with 
the words ' Gr.\ Lodge of Geneva.' At the foot of one of the columns 
is a woman, holding a balance. The patent commences thus: 

" In the name and under the Auspices of the Metropolitan Grand 
Lodge in Scotland, and under the Celestial Vault of the Zenith, at the 
24th degree of Long.', and 44 deg.\ 12 m.\ Lat.\ 

" To our 111.'. Sov.\ Gr.\ Inspectors General, Free Masons of all the 
degrees Ancient and Modern, spread over the surface of the two Hemis- 
pheres, 

" HEALTH. FORCE. UNION. 

"We, Sov.\ Gr.\ Insps.*. Gener.'. composing the Consistory established 
at the Orient of Geneva, by Letters Constitutive of the Metropolitan and 
Universal Gr.*. L.\ of Edinburgh in Scotland, of date the 10th day of 
the first month, 5729, after having verified the letters of Knight of Cadosh, 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 131 

and carefully examined the M.\ 111.', and Dear. . . . upon the points of 
instruction and morals, and in all the degrees Ancient and Modern, to the 
30th degree inclusive, we have conferred upon him the 31st, 32d and 33d 
degrees, the last, unique and sublime Degrees of Masonry : to enjoy the 
rights and honours attached to those high and sublime degrees. 

" ' Vail.*, of Geneva, under the vault. . . .' 

" [The remainder is effaced.] 

" We shall also avail ourselves of this occasion, to mention also the 
Brief of Rose Croix, given to the same Brother. It has for caption : 
' At the Or.', of the Univ.*., from a Most Holy Place, of the Metropoli- 
tan Lodge of Scotland, established at Geneva, by the numbers jj, S.\ F.\ 
U.\, the Masonic year 5796. It is declared therein that he professes the 
Christian religion, that he is a Mason, Knight of the Sword, styled of the 
East. The right is given him to make and perfect Masons to the 6th de- 
gree inclusively, called Knight of the Sword or of the East, and to consti- 
tute a Lodge by his presence. . . . Blessed be he who shall give him 
welcome.' " 

Ragon (Orihod. Maf. 302) gives the same patents, in the same words, 
prefacing thus : 

" 1 797- — ^ appears that at this period, there existed at Geneva a So- 
ciety of Masons-Speculators, delivering patents of the 33d degree. Here 
is the description of that which was sold to the Bro.*. VUIard-Espinasse, 
who afterwards became an officer of the Gr.\ Orient of France, where he 
took, with the degree, a new patent of the 33d, August 17, 1825." 

Ragon's *' History" of the Ancient and Accepted Rite is full of errors, 
and he lavishes, at a safe distance of time and place, abundant vitupera- 
tion on the original members of the Supreme Council at Charleston. In 
his Orthodoxie Mafonnique, he says that the Ancient and Accepted Scot- 
tish Rite was created in 1797, at Charleston, by four Jews, John Mitchell, 
Frederick Dalcho, Emanuel de la Motta and Abraham Alexander; of 
whom one only, de la Motta, was a Hebrew. These gentlemen he stig- 
matizes as speculators, pretenders and forgers, with much volubility, with- 
out knowing whether there was any truth in these charges, or whether 
they were simply libels, as they were. 

He simply copies from Gavel, (Mafonnerie PUtoresque, 207,) tht 
whole account which the latter gives of the creation of the Supreme Coun- 
cil at Charleston, and the inception of the Rite; except that Clavel says 



132 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

that the Rite was created in 1801, by Jive Jews, naming Isaac Auld with 
the four mentioned by Ragon. Why the latter changed the date to 1797, 
and reduced the number of Jews, he does not inform us. Nothing justi- 
fied the change of date ; and he had no knowledge whatever as to the 
nativity or lineage of any of the gentlemen whom he slanders. 

It was in response to these and other statements, that the Supreme 
Council at Charleston, by a circular of the 2d of August, 1845, pro- 
nounced Clavel's statements to be false and slanderous, exhibiting either a 
deplorable ignorance of the true history of the Order, or a wanton viola- 
tion of truth. 

Vassal (Essai on the institution of the Scottish Bite, cited by Besuchet, 
1 Precis Historique, 292) says, that the patent given by the Supreme Coun- 
cil at Charleston to the Bro.\ Comte de Grasse, had the signatures, 
" Dalchs, 33"; Borven, 33* ; Dieben, 33'; Abraham Alexander, 33'; De la 
Hogue, 33V These, he says, are all unknown names, except that of De 
la Hogue. 

For the first three of these, read Dalcho, Bowen and IAeben. 

The tableau of the Sublime Grand Lodge of Perfection, of South 
Carolina, for 1802, tells us who the Members of the Supreme Council 
were. 

The Supreme Council at Charleston was opened, (Circular of Dec. 4, 
1802,) on the 31st of May, 1801, by the Bros.'. John Mitchell and Fred- 
erick Dalcho ; and in the course of the year 1802 the whole number 
(nine) of Grand Inspectors General was completed. These were, Col. 
John Mitchell, Dr. Frederick Dalcho, Emanuel de la Motta, Abraham 
Alexander, Major Thos. Bartholomew Bowen, Israel de Lieben, Dr. Isaac 
Auld, Moses C, Levy and Dr. James Moultrie. The Bro.\ Comte de 
Grasse was a member, before and on the 21st of February, 1802, on which 
day his patent was issued, certifying that fact, and that he was Grand 
Commander for life of the French West India Islands. In August he was 
commissioned Grand Representative in those Islands; and ceased about 
that time to be a member, by removing from the United States to Santo 
Domingo. 

Col. John Mitchell was a Justice and Notary, then 60 years of age, 
native of Ireland, late Lieut.'. Colonel in the army of the United States, 
and a member of the Society of the Cincinnati. 

Dr. Frederick Dalcho, then 32 years of age, was a native of Maryland 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 1 33 

He was an Episcopalian, a physician residing in Charleston, and member 
of the Medical Society of South Carolina. 

Dr. Isaac Auld was 32 years of age, and a native of Pennsylvania; of 
Scotch descent, and a physician. 

Thomas B. Bowen, was a printer, aged 60 years, had been Major in the 
army of the United States, and was a Member of the Cincinnati. 

Israel de Lieben was a Commission Merchant, native of Bohemia, and 
aged 61 years. 

Emanuel de la Motta was a Commission Merchant and Auctioneer, 
native of Santa Cruz, and 42 years of age. 

Abraham Alexander was by birth a South Carolinian. 

Dr. James Moultrie, 38 years of age, was a native of South Carolina. 

We do not know the birth-place of Moses C. Levy. He and De la 
Motta were no doubt Jews or of Hebrew descent, and so perhaps De 
Lieben was. 

Alexandre-FranQois-Auguste de Grasse Tilly, was son of the Comte de 
Grasse who commanded the French fleet, sent to the assistance of Wash- 
ington towards the close of the war of the Revolution, and who, with 
twenty-five sail of the line, fought the British Admiral, Graves, at the 
mouth of the Chesapeake Bay. The son was born at Versailles, in France, 
about 1766, was made a Mason in the Scottish Mother-Lodge, du Contrat 
Social, at Paris, and in 1796 was a Member of Lodge la Candeur, in 
Charleston. He was there on the 12th of November, 1796, and on the 
10th of August, 1799, was one °f tne founders of the Lodge la Reunion 
Franpaise, of which he was at some time Master. These facts appear by 
the tableaus, of the Lodge la Candeur for 1802, and of la Reunion 
Franfaise for 1804 and 1806; and by a certificate granted Isaac Her- 
mand, by the Lodge la Candeur, on the 21st of December, 1796. The 
Negroes revolted in Santo Domingo in 1791, and all the horrors of servile 
and civil war tortured that island for several years. The British invaded 
the island, and to secure the assistance of all the population against them, 
the French Government abolished Slavery. In 1802 Napoleon sent an 
expedition there under Le Clerc, to subdue and enslave the Negroes. 
Then it was that the Bro.\ Comte de Grasse returned to Santo Domingo, 
and established a Supreme Council at Port-au-Prince. But the expedition 
ended in defeat and disgrace, the French were expelled again from the 
Island, and he returned to France. It is not known with certainty, but 

9 



134 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

the presumption is, that he had resided in Santo Domingo, before he came 
to South Carolina. We do not know whether his residence in that 
State was uninterrupted or not, from 1796 to 1799, and from that year to 
1802. 

It is not in the least probable, indeed it is absurd to imagine, that Col- 
onel Mitchell and Dr. Dalcho invented or arranged the Ancient and Ac- 
cepted Rite, or got up the Grand Constitutions. Neither of them was the 
kind of man to put his hand to that kind of work. It is not probable 
that either of them could write Latin or French. As we have said, the 
French copy of the Constitutions, only, was in possession of the Supreme 
Council at Charleston, until 1859. 

This very imperfect French copy, which consists merely of so many 
Articles, without preface^ formality of enactment by any body in Power, 
or authentication of any sort, contains no list of the degrees, nor even the 
name of the Rite. It is most probable that de Grasse procured it, in or 
from Europe, and created the Supreme Council. By Article V. of these 
Constitutions, it required three persons to constitute a quorum and com- 
pose a Supreme Council ; and therefore Colonel Mitchell and Dr. 
Dalcho alone could not have been, by themselves, such a body. The 
Bro.*. de Grasse intended establishing a Supreme Council at Santo Do- 
mingo, for tne French West India Islands ; and no other person had any 
interest to make the Constitutions read so as to allow such a Council, ex- 
cept his father-in-law, Jean Baptiste Delahogue, who also resided in 
Charleston in 1796,1799 and 1801, and was also a 33d, and appointed to 
be Lieutenant Grand Commander for the French West Indies. It was 
for this reason, evidently, that neither of them was placed on the roll of 
members of the body at Charleston, though the Bro.'. Delahogue had 
his patent of 33d, as de Grasse did, from that body, and was sent by it to 
extend the Rite in Louisiana. 

The earliest assault upon the Grand Constitutions of 1786,50 far as 
we know, was contained in a discourse before the Sow. Scottish Chapter, 
Pere du FamiRe,z\. Angers, in February, 18 12, published in Hermes, 
Vol. i. p. 296. It is as follows : 

"After 1750, the Reformed Masonry only was professed in Prussia; 
and the King of that State, who protected the Order, had never been 
either its Chief or Grand Master. But if he had been so, on the 1st of 
May, 1786, he could not then have approved or made regulations for 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 1 35 

Masonry ; for, before that period, he had had an attack of asphyxic apo- 
plexy. His malady lasted eleven months, without interruption or relief. 
He died in the year 1786. Consult the l S 'cret History of the Covert of 
Berlin,'' 2 vols. Svo., 1789, vol. 1, p. 215, Letter 28. 

" If this Sovereign died in 1786, after eleven months of an extremely 
severe disease, how could he take part in the enactment of 1st May in the 
same year? But Frederic II., we have already said, was not even Grand 
Master of the Prussian Lodges, still less of the German Lodges. Open 
the 3d volume of the History of the Prussian Monarchy, published in 
1788, 4 vols, in 8vo., by Mirabeau, and you will find this passage : ' It is a 
pity that Frederic II. . . did not carry his zeal so far as to become Grand 
Master of all the German Lodges, or at least of the Prussian ones, as it 
would have given him a considerable increase of power. . . and many of 
his military undertakings. . . would have had different results, if he had 
never embroiled himself with the Superiors of this Association.' This 
passage is extracted from the German work of M. Fischer's. See Fischer's 
Geschichte Friederichs des 2 ten. vol. 1." 

V Arche Sainte, 191, and La Revue Historique, et de la Fr.\ Map/., 
in 1832, p. 86, deny the authenticity of these Constitutions. The former 
gives no reason. The latter says that all well informed persons are aware 
that for the last fifteen years of his life, Frederick neither directly nor indi- 
rectly occupied himself with Masonry, and that he was always the declared 
enemy of the high degrees. It refers to Encyc. der Freimaurerei, by 
Lessing, vol. 1. 

The Bro.% Le Blanc Marconnay, 33d., in a Report to the Grand 
Orient of France, made in August, 1852, in regard to difficulties in Louis- 
iana, considered the authenticity of the Constitutions of 1786. He first 
said, of the Bro.\ de Grasse, "He never established a Supreme Council in 
the Island of St. Domingo, as has been asserted. He came direct from 
South Carolina to France." But the Comte de Grasse did not go direct 
from South Carolina to France. He went to Port-au-Prince, and we have 
in our possession authentic copies of documents issued by him there. And 
he did confer the 33d degree there, and create a Supreme Council. We 
have, in the Register of the Bro.\ Antoine Bideaud, a list of its Members, 
of whom he was one. 

We do not notice the gross misstatements of the Bro.\ Marconnay, in 
regard to the union of bodies of the Scottish Rite, with the Grand Lodge 



I36 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

and the Grand Orient of France. Suffice it to say, that, to make the 
Grand Orient legitimate possessor of the Scottish Masonry, he deliber- 
ately falsifies history, as can easily be shown, and as we have shown 
elsewhere. 

He imputes the Constitutions of 1786 to Stephen Morin, who was 
commissioned in 1761, by the Grand Council (of Emperors of the East 
and West) and the Gr.\ Lodge of France, then temporarily united, under 
the Comte de Clermont and his Deputy Chaillon de Joinville. He says, 
" When Stephen Morin imported the Rite of Perfection, or the Ancient 
and Accepted Rite, into America, he attempted somewhat to disguise its 
origin, and to give it more importance than it really had. He conse- 
quently fathered the merits of the modifications upon an absolute Monarch, 
and extemporized the law of May 1, 1786, which he arranged for his 
own purposes." It is amusing to see with what positiveness such asser- 
tions are made, without one particle of proof to sustain them or reason to 
make them, and with abundant evidence against them, long before pub- 
lished, and commonly known. 

He refers to and appends a letter written to him, on the 17th of 
August, 1833, from "The old Scottish Directory of the National Grand 
Lodge of the Three Globes," signed by the Grand Master, the Senior 
Warden and three others; in which they said, ''Concerning the opinions 
prevailing among you, we inform you that Frederick the Great is partly the 
author of the system adopted by our Lodge, but that he never interfered 
with her affairs, nor prescribed any laws to the Masons, over whom he ex- 
tended his protection throughout his States. . . 

" Such is the state of things, and all that is rumoured among you about 
enactments and ordinances of Frederick the Great and of a Superior Senate, 
which must exist, stands on no grounds whatever." 

Before we present the other objections, made by the Gr.\ Lodge of the 
Three Globes in December, 1861, let us dispose of the objection first 
presented, — that of Frederic's incapacity from sickness. 

After 1750, it is said, the Reformed Masonry only was practised in 
Prussia. That this was the regular system, of the known Grand Lodges, 
there is no doubt; but it is also true that in Prussia, as every where in 
Germany, many other degrees were worked, and Secret Organizations ex- 
isted, and the Illuminati used the forms and ceremonies of Masonry to 
conceal their existence and designs. 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 1 37 

The Histoire Secrete de la Cour de Berlin is a series of letters writ- 
ten by Mirabeau, who was at Berlin in the summer of 1786, and when 
Frederick died, in a diplomatic capacity on secret service, d'Esterno being 
the French Minister at that Court. 

There is not one word of truth in the statements as to Frederick's health 
and intellectual capacity in 3Iay, 1786. His intellect was as clear then 
as it ever was; and he attended to all his duties and business during his 
illness and up to the very day of his dsath. Coxe, Hist, of the House of 
Austria, iii. 507 ? says, that " he had been for some time afflicted with the 
dropsy, and a complication of disorders, but preserved the vigor of his admin- 
istration and exerted the powers of his mind, almost to the last moment" 

And Schlosser, (Hist, of iSth Century, transl. by Damson, p. 382,) 
after giving an account of the quarrel which broke out between the States 
of Holland and the Stadtholder William V. (who married the niece of 
Frederick), in September, 1785, and detailing the occurrences of 17th March, 
1786, when the adherents of the States created a tumult at the Hague, 
says, that on that occasion, Frederick II. showed his accustomed greatness 
of mind. ..." He was besieged on all sides with applications to interfere 
in the affairs of the husband of his niece, bur he always recommended his 
haughty niece to remain within the limits of the Constitution, although he 
entered into negotiations with the States-General on the subject of the com- 
plaints made by the Prince, and in particular caused to be delivered to 
them two very decided notes respecting the command of the garrison of 
the Hague." And he adds, that "notwithstanding the decisive tone of 
these representations, Frederick . . . caused the draft of the instructions 
sent by him to the Prussian Minister at the Hague to be laid before him, 
and struck out, with his own hand, all such passages as seemed to lay too 
little stress upon the Constitutional power of the States." 

Schlosser says, also, that the letters of Mirabeau, and their gossip, are 
entitled, generally, to but little credit. 

Chemin Dupontes, in a memoir which received the prize in the Lodge 
des Coeurs Unis, in 1824, said, " Frederick the Great protected Masonry ; 
but neither he nor his Council amused themselves with making degrees, 
nd if they had done so, we should recognize their work. Besides, 
,ederic died on the 17th of August, 1786, after a painful illness of eleven 
monrhs. He could not, therefore, on the 1st of May of the same year, 
have made or approved any Masonic Regulations." 



138 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

Clavel says, (Hist. Pitt. 207,) that from the year 1774 until his death, 
Frederick in no wise concerned himself about Masonry; that on the 1st of 
May, 1786, he was dying, and absolutely incapable of attending to any 
business whatever [which is a fair specimen of Gavel's historical knowl- 
edge] ; that he was the declared enemy of the high degrees, which he 
considered an injury to Masonry, [a consideration which never occurred 
to him, because he thought all Masonry a humbug,] and that there never 
was a Council of the 33d Degree in Prussia, where previously to 1786, the 
Rite of Perfection had been for the most part abandoned. 

And Schlosser says, (iv. 478,) " Frederick himself continued to belong 
to the Order, till after the Silesian war. He ceased to be a member, 
shortly before the commencement of the Seven Years' War, at the very 
time when these Orders began to be abused by every species of deception; 
and he also commanded such of his Ministers of State as belonged to the 
Order, to desist from visiting their Lodges." 

There is no doubt that Frederick came to the conclusion that the great 
pretensions of Masonry, in the Blue degrees, were merely imaginary and 
deceptive. He ridiculed the Order, and thought its ceremonies mere 
child's play, and some of his sayings to that effect have been preserved. It 
does not at all follow that he might not, at a later day, have found it 
politic to put himself at the head of an Order that had become a Power; 
and, adopting such of the degrees as were not objectionable, to reject all 
that were of dangerous tendency, that had fallen into the hands of the 
Jesuits, or been engrafted on the order by the Iliuminati. 

He had very little veneration for religion, and was not likely to have 
much for Masonry. 

The statement, so often repeated, that Frederick was not in a condition 
to attend to any business, in May, 1786, we repeat, is a mere bald and 
naked falsehood, contradicted by every account of the closing scenes of 
his life. There never was the least foundation for it. It is simply a lie. 

Mirabeau, who is quoted as authority in support of this lie, in his 
10th Letter (of the Histoire Secrete), written on the 2d of August, 1786, 
said, " Au reste, la tele est parfaitement libre, et Von travaille meme 
beaucoup;"* and in Letter xiv., on the 17th of August, he wrote, *• Je 
savais, le mercredi, .... quit n 'avail parte qu'd midi aux Secre- 

* For the rest, his head is perfectly clear, and he even labours a great deal. 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 1 39 

taries qui attendaient depuis cinq heures de matin : que cependant les 
depeches avaient ete nettes et precises." * 

The great king had the dropsy, and indulged enormously in eating the 
coarsest viands in huge quantities, almost to the last; and when, after he 
had died, his body was punctured, and the water let out, he so shrunk up 
as to seem hardly larger than a child. Only a handful of bones was left: 
and yet he was the great King and the great Minister of State, until the 
very day before his death. 

In the year 1786, he was 74 years of age, and in full possession of those 
uncommon powers of understanding, by which he had always been dis- 
tinguished. But his body was not equally vigorous with his mind, he hav- 
ing become dropsical. The Count Hertzberg attended him until the moment 
of his death, and has given in his " Memoire historique sur la derniere 
annee de la vie de Frederic II" a full account of his mental and bodily 
condition, confirming what Mirabeau said, as we have quoted above, that 
on the 2d of August, his head was perfectly clear, and he performed a 
great amount of labor; and that, the day before his death, though he said 
nothing until noon, to the Secretaries in waiting since five in the morning, 
the despatches dictated by him were perfectly distinct, clear and precise. 

The Count Hertzberg says, " He employed the same indefatigable atten- 
tion to the internal government of his kingdom, and to the management of 
his affairs, during the last seven months of his life, as he had done formerly, 
and with the same success, notwithstanding the painful malady with which 
he was all the time afflicted." He did not for a moment remit his practice 
of reading all the despatches of his foreign ministers, and of dictating, 
every morning, from five until seven, the answers to be immediately sent. 
He maintained a regular correspondence with the Ministers of his Cabinet, 
and those for foreign affairs, on all great political concerns. " He kept up 
the same exact and daily correspondence with the Ministers in the Depart- 
ment of Justice, and in that of the Finances; and he directed, himself, 
without any Minister or General, the whole of the military correspondence, 
dictating his orders to his Secretaries and Aides-de-Camp." Only a few 
days before his death, he thus dictated all the manoeuvres to be performed 
at the reviews in Silesia, " adverting to the minutest circumstances of 

* I knew, on Wednesday, . . . that nothing was said until noon, to the 
Secretaries, who were in attendance from five o'clock in the morning ; but that 
nevertheless the despatches were perspicuous and precise. 



140 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

locality." He settled new plans for the cultivation of land, and the im- 
provement of manufactures, weeks after the date of the Grand Constitu- 
tions. 

On the 6th of June, 1786, he wrote to Dr. Zimmerman, at Hanover, 
requesting him to repair to Potsdam, that he might consult him. The 
doctor did so, immediately, and remained until the 11th of July. He 
found the king afflicted with dropsy, but in the perfect possession of his in- 
tellect and mental vigor; and afterwards published his " Conversations 
with the late King of Prussia," had during that visit. 

Mirabeau, in letter of 11th July, 1786, of his Histoire Secrete, said: 
" Parties are very busy at Berlin, especially that of Prince Henry, who is 
eternally eager, without well knowing what he wishes. But all is silence 
in the king's presence. He still is king, and will remain so until tJie last 
moment" 

Count Hertzberg says, that during the last five weeks of his life, though 
he was much swollen with dropsy, could not lie on a bed, nor move from 
his chair, he never betrayed the least svmptom of uneasiness, or of any dis- 
agreeable sensation, but preserved always his serene, tranquil and con- 
tented air, and conversed, in the most cordial and agreeable manner, on 
public news, literature, ancient and modern history, and particularly on 
rural affairs and gardening. He read, night and morning, the despatches 
of his foreign ambassadors, and the civil and military reports of his minis- 
ters and generals, and dictated the answers to his three Cabinet Secretaries, 
in the most minute and regular manner ; as he did his answers to the letters 
and applications of individuals ; leaving his Secretaries nothing to do, but 
to add the titles, dates and usual formalities. He gave regularly the verbal 
orders relative to the duties of the garrison of Potsdam for the day. 

" This course of life was continued without variation, until the 1 $th of 
August, on which day he dictated and signed his despatches, in a manner 
that would have done honor to a Minister the most conservant with the 
routine of business." On the 16th, and not until then, he ceased to dis- 
charge the functions of a King and Minister of State, and was deprived of 
his senses, and on the 17th he died. Mem. ffistorique, 8 , 9, 10. Towers, 
Mbmoires of Frederic III., vol. 2, 411 to 423. 

Thiebault, (Original Anecdo'e* of Frederick the Great, translated, 
PhVa., 1806, Vol. 1, p. 141,) says, "He directed his State affairs to the 
very last, and a few moments before his decease, he insisted on signing a 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 141 

letter addressed to M. de Launay, but his sight and strength failing him, he 
did little more than blot the paper." Thiebault had been at the Court 
of Frederick twenty years, and had personal knowledge of that whereof 
he wrote. 

See also Count Hertzberg's account of Freierick's transaction of business 
in August, in the work of Vehse, Court of Prussia, translated by Demm- 
ler, pp. 286-7. From 4th to 9th of August, he was consulting the Sile- 
sian Minister, Hoym, about reclaiming waste land, and establishing manu- 
factures. He read all despatches, until the last. On Tuesday, August 
15th, he slept until 1 1 a. m. Then he transacted all the business of the 
Cabinet, dictating to the Cabinet Counsellor, Laspeyres, despatches so lucid 
and well arranged, as would have done honor to the most experienced 
Minister ; among others, instructions for an Ambassador, in four whole 
quarto pages. Before that, he had given General Rohdich dispositions for 
manoeuvres of the garrison of Potsdam, on the next field-day. These were 
his last acts as a ruler. Ilertzberg, Goitz and Schwerin were in the ad- 
joining room when he died. 

From Lord Dover's " Life of Frederick II." London, 1832, we take 
the following facts and circumstances, which are stated there, in addition 
to those wrrch we have taken from Towers, all of which are also to be 
found in Lord Dover's book. 

Frederick had had gout for some time, and in August, 1785, fever. On 
the 18th of September, 1785, he had an attack of apoplexy, from which 
he recovered. During the autumn his fever left him, but was succeeded 
by a hard dry cough. His legs swelled, and oppression in his chest pre- 
vented his sleeping in bed. The gout left him, and never returned. In 
April, 1786, he was better, and on the 17th of that month he went to 
Sans Souci, which residence he never afterwards left. He made attempts 
soon afcer, to ride on horseback, but weakness compelled him to give that 
up, and to be wheeled about in a garden chair. " Still, however, under all 
his sufferings, Frederick continued to execute with extreme punctuality and 
great mental activity, the duties of his station." Lord Dover, ii. 440. 

On the 4th of Ju ] y, 1786, he applied himself to public business from 
half-past three in the morning, to seven. Then he ate a huge breakfast, at 
eleven was helped on horseback, and remained riding, and frequently gal- 
loping, about the gardens of Sans Souci, for three hours. He continually 
held long conversations with Dr. Zimmermann, from the 23d of June to 



142 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

the 12th of July. During the last seven months of his life, he labored 
constantly, to confirm his last great work, the Germanic League ; to inter- 
fere with effect in the troubles of Holland, and to support his rights and 
those of his subjects, against the reclamation of the City of Dantzic. 
Lord Dover, ii. 460. After dinner, (dining at 12,) he signed all the des- 
patches and letters which he had dictated in the morning. At 5 o'clock 
he received society, and conversed with them till eight, and passed the 
rest of the evening in having select passages from ancient authors, such as 
Cicero and Plutarch, read to him. Then he perused his newly arrived 
despatches, or took the short intervals of sleep which his sufferings permit- 
ted. "This course of life continued till the 15th of August." Lord 
Lover, ii. 464. 

We may safely " rest the case," as far as this point is concerned : and it 
is the one on which the greatest stress has been laid, ever since the writers 
of the Grand Orient of France commenced the war on the Grand Consti- 
tutions. That body, originally created by a revolting Committee of the 
Grand Lodge of France, and which during the Empire was compelled to 
respect the rights of the Supreme Council of France, to which, receiving from 
it the degrees of the Ancient and Accepted Rite in 1804, all its prominent 
members had sworn allegiance, — that body which had never had or pre- 
tended to the least jurisdiction over the degrees above the 1 8th, clutched 
the whole, when it hastened to prostrate itself and rub its muzzle in the 
dust before the Bourbon throne, on the fall of the Empire ; and, as the 
Grand Constitutions, permitting but one Supreme Council in France 
branded that set up 'in its bosom,' as illegitimate and spurious, as it was, its 
writers denied the authenticity of those Constitutions, which they were all 
sworn to obey, who had the degrees of the Rite. So Foulhouze after- 
wards did in Louisiana, and has had imitators among others who had sworn 
to obev them as the Supreme law of the Rite, whenever and wherever they 
were made. 

Freemasonry first went from England to Germany, and the Lodge of the 
Three Globes, at Berlin, was thus established, being only a Symbolic 
Lodge, like the Lodge Royale Yorck. 

In 1743, Baron Hunde was at Paris, and there received the high de- 
grees from the adherents of the Stuarts ; and had power given him to pro- 
pagate these degrees in Germany. But he was not very active, upon his 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 143 

return there. In 1756 or 1757, a complete revolution took place. The 
French officers who were prisoners in Prussia introduced the French de- 
grees, and a Commissary named Rosa brought from Paris a wagon-load of 
Masonic ornaments, which were all distributed before they reached Berlin, 
and he had to order another. In half a year Free Masonry underwent a 
complete revolution all over Germany, and Chevaliers of the Rose Croix 
and Kadosh multiplied without number. About 1764 a Bohemian named 
Leucht, calling himself Johnson, appeared in Germany as a teacher of the 
true Masonry, who, after a little, informed the German Brethren that the 
Baron Hunde was Grand Master of the Seventh Province, which included 
the whole of Germany and the royal dominions of Prussia^ The Lodges sub- 
mitted to him as such : and after two or three years a Convention was held 
at Altenberg, and the Templar Rite of Strict Observance was established. 

Then Dr. Zinzendorf introduced a new system, which he said was from 
Sweden, and of this a National Grand Lodge was established at Berlin. 

Then Starck and after him the Baron Knigge introduced Schisms ; and 
Masonry was filled with Clergymen, Professors, Men of Letters, and persons 
holding offices in the law-courts. Knigge brought about a General Conven- 
tion at Wilhelmsbad in Hainault, of members of all Rites and Degrees ; at 
which the Marquis of Costanza and Knigge formed the Eclectic Masonry 
of the United Lodges of Germany. Such was the condition of the Order 
in Germany in 1776. In 1775 a Lodge of the Eclectic System was estab- 
lished at Munich in Bavaria, The Lodge Theodore of Good Council, 
which held a patent from the Lodge Royal York at Berlin, but had a sys- 
tem of its own, by instructions from the Lodge at Lyons. Of this Lodge 
at Munich, Dr. Adam Weishaupt was a member, and established the Order 
of Illuminati, under the inspiration of a bitter hatred of the Jesuits. He 
was of the Order of Strict Observance, and a Rosicrucian. 

Among the prominent members of the new Order (the Illuminati), were 
Baron Knigge, the most active member next to Weishaupt, the Baron Bassus, 
Zwack, Nicolai, a bookseller at Berlin, the Marquis Costanza, Bahrdt, a 
clergyman, Mirabeau, and the Duke of Orleans. The authentic letters 
and documents published by Robison show that in the Degrees given to the 
members generally, the principles of morality and of civil and religious liberty 
were expounded ; but Weishaupt invented higher degrees, made known to 
a ftw only, and not favorably received by other prominent members, 
which taught that all religion was falsehood. 



144 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

Nicolai was an eminent and learned bookseller at Berlin. He joined the 
Order in January, 1782 (while he was engaged in hunting out Jesuits), be- 
ing induced to do so by the Baron Knigge, who afterwards quarreled with 
Weishaupt and left the Order. 

Knigge was converted to Illuminism by the Marquis Costanza, and pro- 
cured many members for the Order. It was chiefly by his exertions among 
the Masons in the Protestant countries, that the Eclectic System of Free Ma- 
sonry was introduced, and afterwards brought under the direction of the 
Illuminati. This was entirely owing to his extensive connections among the 
Masons. He travelled extensively, before he embraced Illuminism, from 
Lodge to Lodge, and even from house to house, to unite the Masons ; and 
afterwards went over the same ground to extend the Eclectic System, and 
get the Lodges under the direction of the Illuminati, by their choice 
of Masters and Wardens. He was of a devotional turn, a man of the world 
who had kept good company, and was offended and shocked by the irre- 
ligious projects of Weishaupt. After laboring four years with great zeal, 
this dissatisfaction and the disingenuous tricks of Weishaupt caused him to 
break off his connection with the Society, in 1784, and to publish a declar- 
ation of what he had done in it. 

Nicolai fell into a bitter quarrel with Dr. Starck, of Darmstadt, a court 
preacher, by accusing him of Jesuitism. Starck was a restless spirit, devoted 
to Masonry, and had gone through every Mystery in Germany, except Il- 
luminism. He was an unwearied book-maker, and having by diligent in- 
quiry found out that Nicolai had been entrusted with all the secrets of 
Weishaupt's higher degrees, he publicly accused him of it, and ruined his 
moral character. 

Dr. Zimmerman, author of " Thoughts on Solitude," and who was with 
Frederick in June and July, 1786, was an llluminatus, President of the Or- 
der in Manheim, and most active in propagating it in other countries. He 
was employed by it as a Missionary, and erected Lodges at Neufchatel and 
in Hungary, and even in Rome. When in Hungary he boasted of having 
established more than a hundred Lodges, some of which were in England. 

In 1768, Mirabeau, with the Duke de Lauzun and the Abbe Perigord, 
afterwards Bishop of Autun, reformed a Lodge of Philalethes at Paris 
which met in the Jacobin College or Convent. While at the Court of 
Berlin, he became an llluminatus, and on his return to France imparted 
6ome of his illumination to that Lodge, of which he was a Warden in 1788. 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 145 

Robison gives a list of the Lodges mentioned in the private papers that 
were seized in Bavaria. The Elector of Bavaria had, a little before the 
year 1783, issued an edict, forbidding, during his pleasure, all Secret As- 
semblies, and closing the Masonic Lodges. But the Lodge " Theodore " 
continued to meet, notwithstanding. 

In the beginning of 1783, six persons were summoned before the Court 
of Enquiry, and questioned respecting the Order of the Illuminati. Their 
declarations were published, and were very unfavorable. The Elector is- 
sued another edict, forbidding all hidden assemblies; and a third, expressly 
abolishing the Order of Illuminati. It was followed by a search for papers. 
Weishaupt was deprived of his professor's chair, and banished. The Ital- 
ian Marquises, Costanza and Savioli were banished, as well as Zwack, a 
Counsellor. The original correspondence and papers of the Order were 
not found until 1786 and 1787, in which years large collections were found 
at the houses of Zwack and Baron Bassus or Batz. 

The list already mentioned contains the names of some forty places in 
Germany, where there were Lodges. There were fourteen in Austria, sev- 
eral in Upper Saxony, Westphalia, Strasburg ; many in Livonia, Courland, 
Alsace, Hesse ; many in Holland, Switzerland and Poland ; several in 
America, some at Rome, in England, in Florence, Turin and Naples, and 
many in France. 

The list of prominent members given, contains the names of Noblemen, 
Counsellors, Professors, Priests and Military Officers. 

There was no persecution of the Order, or prohibition of Secret As- 
semblies, or edict against the Masonic Lodges, in Prussia, while the Illu- 
minati were being persecuted in Bavaria. 

When the impostor Johnson had induced most of the persons of princely 
and noble rank in Darmstadt, Brunswick, Saxony and elsewhere, to enter 
into the system of Free Masonry or Templarism taught by him, and had 
been unmasked by the Baron Von Hunde, the latter took his place, and 
sought to form an Order of Knighthood for the Nobility, out of the Free 
Masons. This was the Strict Observance. It severed itself from all other 
branches of Masonry, and required all its Subordinate Lodges to exclude 
all members of other Lodges of Free Masons from their meetings. In- 
to this Society many German Princes, Barons and Counts entered. Ferdi- 
nand of Brunswick adhered to it to the last ; and Prince Louis of Darm- 
stadt entertained immense ideas of what might be accomplished by it. The 



I46 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

reigning Duke Charles of Brunswick, the celebrated General in the Seven 
Years' War, belonged to this Order. The Grand Lodge at London had 
appointed Duke Ferdinand Grand Master of all the Lodges in a great part 
of North. Germany; and the members of the Strict Observance succeeded 
in having him chosen in 1772, as Grand Master of all the German Lodges. 

The Order becoming thus strong and popular, the ex-Jesuits endeavored 
to make use of Free Masonry for the furtherance of their views; and the 
numerous body of Rosicrusians was a tool of the Jesuits in Bavaria. 

The biographer of Hippel, a prominent member of the Order, and who 
publicly acknowledged that he was indebted, for all his knowledge of men 
and of the icorld, to Free Masonry, says : " His connection with Free Ma- 
sonry began in 1760, at the very period in which a number of higher 
consecrated offices were introduced into this Order, in addition to the three 
gradations of rank in the Order of St. John. These additions found ac- 
ceptance in Konigsberg, at which place a court-preacher, Starck, who was 
one of the most active promoters of the higher Free Masonry, filled dis- 
tinguished offices and had many friends. At this time, also, Hippel en- 
tered into priestly orders." 

To counteract the schemes of the Ex-Jesuits, Weishaupt and his friends 
set on foot Illuminism. As originally founded, it was altogether dissimilar 
from Free Masonry, of which its founders knew very little. Knigge was 
the first who gave the Order a form, which he borrowed from Masonry. 

Adolphe-Franpois-Frederic, Baron de Knigge (we learn from the 
Biographie Universelle), German philosopher and litterateur, was born in 
1757, a short distance from Hanover. He studied at Gottingen, resided 
at various Courts and Cities in Germany, and died on the 6th of May, 
1796, at Bremen. He became known by many works in German on phil- 
osophical subjects, morality and literature. 

We learn from Schlosser and from his own letters, that he was a man of 
the world, acquainted with life and all its intrigues, and with no tendency 
towards Mysticism or a contemplative life. 

Many of the noblest men of the German plains joined the Illuminati, and 
their names are found on the lists, with those of Weishaupt, Zwack and 
Knigge. Among the names of the Bavarians persecuted as Illuminati, will be 
found those of the most distinguished and best men of the country ; though 
many were of a very different description. 

The idea of the new Order was conceived in 1776, and its first, or " Min- 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 147 

crval " degree, " was to be an institution for the cultivation of a free 
spirit, in a country in which no man dared utter a free word." Von 
Zwack had procured some knowledge of the external forms of Free Ma- 
sonry, its symbols, degrees and initiation ; of all which Weishaupt knew 
nothing ; and classes and gradations were established, and the Order insti- 
tuted as a branch of Free Masonry, As early as 1778, there were twelve 
Lodges in Catholic Bavaria, Franconia and the Tyrol. Distinguished men, 
like Born and Sonnenfels in Vienna, entered the Order; and when Baron 
Von Knigge applied his accurate knowledge of Free Masonry to it, the 
Lodges of Masons became its intruments, to prepare and furnish candidates. 
Knigge was Chamberlain at Weimar in Saxony, and had lived at Franc- 
furt and Heidelberg, in the very centre of Mysticism and Masonry. He 
played a prominent part in all the Orders, and then became celebrated as a 
writer. 

He and Zimmermann had a bitter dispute in regard to Secret Orders, the 
latter being in favor only of what was empty and despotical. Zimmermann 
was a dull and common-place person, ridiculed by all men of understanding, 
but bepraised by the newspapers, and accepted by the world as a prophet. 

In the year 1780, the Counts Costanza and Saviola travelled to North 
Germany, to gain recruits among the Free Masons, for the Lodges of the 
Tlluminati, whom they represented as a sect of Free Masons. Knigge received 
them favorably, and became the friend of and co-operator with Weishaupt. 
Among the Free Masons, Mystics were at that time everywhere met with ; 
and frequently persons desirous of prostituting the Order, to promote protest- 
ant priestcraft or Jesuitical Papism. There were plenty of the latter among 
the Free Masons of the Strict Observance. Knigge readily found recruits 
in the Lodges, of Free Masons disinclined to Mysticism, and many of the 
most noble-minded men in Germany attached themselves to an association 
antagonistic to despotism and obscurantism. Feder, in Gottingen, was won 
over to the Order ; and Nicolai, the bookseller at Berlin, joined it when 
he travelled in Bavaria in 1781. 

As has been said, Knigge introduced into the new Order everything that 
he found in the ceremonies, consecrations, doctrines and hieroglyphs of the 
various systems of Free Masonry with which he was acquainted, which he 
found suitable, or calculated to decoy the fashionable and vain. At length 
an opportunity offered to engraft the new Order completely on Masonry. 
The Lodges of Free Masonry had fallen into a decline. Hunde's Strict Ob- 



I48 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY, 

servance began to be considered a deception and imposture; and vehement 
complaints were heard on all hands against Starck's Jesuitism and the influ- 
ence of the Rosicrucians. 

To stop this decline, Conventions were held ; and finally, Knigge set up 
the Eclectic system, in opposition to the Strict Observance; and the latter 
was declared a deception, though it continued under Prince Ferdinand, its 
Grand Master. In June, 1782, Knigge received J. J. C. Bode, a very 
zealous Free Mason, among the Illuminati of the highest order. This 
brother had played an active and distinguished part in the affairs of Ma- 
sonry, as one of its officials, and manfully resisted its tendency to Rosicru- 
cianism and Jesuitism. He was a printer and publisher in Hamburg, and 
had removed thence to Weimar, where he made, in some measure, a busi- 
ness of his Free Masonry ; attended Conventions, carried on an extensive 
correspondence, and superintended the publication of works upon the craft. 

All the Free Masons in North Germany, who were in favor of religious 
and civil liberty, joined Bode ; among whom Major Von dem Busche and 
Leuchseuring, tutor of the princes, were the most remarkable. They 
made the dissemination of the Eclectic Free- Masonry a pretence for spread- 
ing the principles of the Illuminati, which, by their instrumentality, found 
partisans and adherents in foreign countries. Bode was the apostle of the 
new Order in Saxony. Leuchseuring, in the Prussian dominions, aided 
by Nicolai ; Feder in the Hanoverian territory; and Von dem Busche in 
the Netherlands. 

Weishaupt permitted Bode to modify the principles of the Order, or 
rather, to suppress his, Weishaupt's own peculiar notions taught in the 
higher degrees, as too far advanced for North Germany. The Order soon 
embraced all classes, and its members consisted at the same time of the 
most distinguished men of the higher ranks of life, and the students of the 
universities, among whom it took its origin. Jn Bavaria, too, many of its 
members rejected every noble principle and all religion. 

Dissensions soon grew up in the bosom of the Order, between the Ba- 
varians and those of the Free Masons wtiom Knigge had gained for the 
Order ; and a dispute between Weishaupt and Knigge respecting the Con- 
stitution of the Order and its ceremonies ended, in 1784, in a complete 
separation of the North German party, of which those of Prussia were a 
part. 

Knigge wanted to incorporate into the Order the whole pomp of the 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 149 

Catholic Church ; its consecration, ceremonies, garments, etc. The Bava- 
rians opposed this, for they were Catholics. 

In 1784, upon obtaining possession of a document which developed the 
plans of the Illuminati, the Jesuits urged the Elector of Bavaria to perse- 
cute the Order, though one of his ministers, the ablest men in Bavaria, 
several of his daily companions, and members of the first families in the 
Electorate belonged to it. Utzschneider, himself an Illuminatus, a Baron 
of the Exchequer, communicated the document to the Rosicrucianb, Free 
Masons and Jesuits ; he and others leaving the Order, to gain the favor of 
the Jesuits by informing against their late friends. Utzschneider first hand- 
ed in a secret accusation to the Elector, and then publicly complained 
to him in person. Early in 1784, an anonymous public warning appeared 
against the Order, declaring its principles dangerous to the well-being of 
the State, and destructive of morality. The Order answered by a public 
challenge to its accusers, to prove their allegations ; and these published a 
" Necessary Appendix " to the warning. This introduction to the persecu- 
tion was managed with Jesuitic cunning, and probably had some connec- 
tion with Knigge's prudent secession from the Order in the same year. In 
June, 1784, a general ordinance issued, strictly prohibiting all Secret So- 
cieties in Bavaria ; but, as there were in the Order some 2,000 men, of the 
highest ranks and most distinguished families, their adversaries moved with 
deliberation and caution. 

Meetings of Illuminati and Free Masons were prohibited by name, in 
March and August, 1785. The Edict of the 1st of March was agains. 
the Free Masons, and was ascribed to the Duchess Clementine, mistress of 
Utzschneider. On the 9th of September, 1785, a formal accusatioi 
against the Illuminati was published, signed and sworn to by Utzschneider 
Priest Cosandey and Professor Griinberger, with long lists of names of 
persons alleged to belong to the Order. Dreadful charges were made 
and yet, says Schlosser, from whom we have quoted the whole accoun: 
(vol. iv. pp. 472, et seq.), " the views of the Illuminati, in despite of the 
abuses which resulted from the Secret Constitution of the Order, had con- 
tributed most materially to introduce and diffuse light into the darkness of 
the Middle Ages which prevailed in the benighted countries of Germany " 

(P-493)- 

Count Seinsheim, Montgelas, Charles Von Dalberg, afterwards Coadju- 
tor of Mayence and Prince Primate, and Ernest II., Duke of Gotha,,were 
IO 



150 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

among the members of the Order. Mauvillon, a friend of Mirabeau, was 
one of the most active, and cherished revolutionary ideas. He hated 
courts, and had ample cause to do it from his experience in Hesse-Cassel, 
under Frederic, the brutal Landgrave of that State, who sold 17,000 of 
his subjects to England, to fight and die in the American Colonies, and 
emulated the oppressions of Charles, Duke of Wtirtemberg. As a military 
man of large scientific knowledge, Mauvillon was favored by Ferdinand of 
Brunswick, and there became intimate with Mirabeau, and was marked as 
a most suspicious person, by Zimmermann and the Jesuits. 

The Bavarian persecution was commenced by two ex-Jesuit fathers, both 
of them Electoral Privy Councillors, before the discovery of the scandal- 
ous papers found in Zwackh's house in October, 1786. Weishaupt was 
banished, and found an asylum in Ratisbon, his friends being forbidden to 
write to him, and the Jesuits of Munich beseeching the authorities of his 
city of refuge to drive him away. His friends who visited him were 
seized by the Inquisition on their return, for having held Lodges; and, on 
their way, eaten meat on a fast-day. Two of them were deprived of 
their offices, and one put in a penal garrison. Another was banished 
from the University. Schlosser gives a long list of persons deprived of 
their places, arrested without lawful grounds, and otherwise persecuted. 
The censorship of the press was exercised with more severity than before. 
Counter-statements from persons condemned were forbidden. Secret con- 
versations were watched, and knavish spies were everywhere. Cabinet 
Orders sent men to the house of correction. Banishments and confine- 
ments in fortresses were common. 

During these troubles, from 1778 to 1786, Joseph II. of Austria was en- 
deavoring to extend his power by acquiring Bavaria, and Frederic was as 
actively engaged in thwarting his efforts, defeating him, finally, and creat- 
ing the Germanic League in 1785. 

tl Though far, in other respects, from cherishing the spirit of a spying 
and persecuting police, either in his words or actions," says Schlosser (iv. 
490), "Frederic had kept a sharp eye upon the Order" (of Illuminati) 
u and its proceedings, long before the storm burst upon its head." " The 
governments of North Germany," he says again, " showed some indulgence 
to the Illuminati, on account of the Free Masons, although the former 
members of the Order were everywhere under a species of police superin- 
tendence, like the Carbonari of our days." 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. I 51 

As to the religious, or irreligious principles of the Order, Frederic was, 
of course, indifferent. He had no religious creed, and his ideas agreed 
with those of Voltaire and other free-thinkers in France. It was only in 
its political aspect that the Order claimed his attention. 

He consulted Frenchmen alone, in introducing his new excise regula- 
tions, and employed them afterwards to collect the excises. He consulted 
a French Farmer-General as his oracle on the first institution of his op- 
pressive financial schemes, and unconditionally followed his advice. This 
was the physician Helvetius, whom the King received as his friend at Sans 
Souci, and who was a Free Mason as well as a philosopher, a member of 
the Lodge in which Franklin acted as Junior Warden when Voltaire was 
initiated. The lowest estimate of the number of Frenchmen employed in 
Prussia, in connection with the revenue, is 500. Zimmerman gives the 
number at 3,000; Mirabeau and Mauvillon regard 1,500 as nearest the 
truth ; of these, many must have been Free Masons. 

In France, as is well known, the Rite of Perfection was worked, after 
1759, in 25 degrees. 

The Rite of Strict Observance was the third Masonic innovation of the 
Jesuits. It consisted of six degrees ; Apprentice, Companion, Master, 
Scottish Master, Novice and Templar. The Baron Von Hunde (Charles 
Gathel) added a seventh, which was kept concealed, styled Eques Prqfessus. 

The clerks of the Relaxed Observance (de la late Observance) was cre- 
ated by a schism in the Strict Observance. Among other of its chiefs were 
the Baron de Raven and the Preacher Starck. There were ten degrees ; 
Apprentice, Companion, Master, African Brother, Knight of St. Andrew, 
Knight of the Eagle or Master Elect, Scottish Master, Sovereign Magus, 
Provincial Master of the Red Cross, and Magus, or Knight of Splendor .and 
Light. The tenth was subdivided into five parts; Knight Novice of the 
third year ; Knight Novice of the fifth year ; Knight Novice of the seventh 
year ; Knight Levite ; Knight Priest. 

The same schism produced the High Observance, in which they dealt 
with Alchemy. Magic, etc., and the Exact Observance, the teachings of 
which partook of that of the first two Observances, that had for their 
bases Jesuitism and Catholicism. 

In 1767, the Order of Architects of Africa, or African Brothers, was es- 
tablished at Berlin. It had eleven degrees, none of them contained in the 
Rite of Perfection. About 1770, Zinnendorf (Knight Commander of the 



152 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

Strict Observance, Director of the Lodges in Prussia, Member of the Lodge 
of the Three Globes, and Prior of the Templars, who founded a Lodge 
in 1768 at Potsdam, and one in 1769 at Berlin, both of the Templar 
Regime), established a Rite known by his own name. It contained four de- 
grees, besides the Symbolic ones, i. e., Scottish Apprentice and Compan- 
ion ; Scottish Master; Clerk, or Favourite of St. John, a Swedish degree; 
and Bro.\ Elu. 

The Eclectic Rite was settled in 1783, in General Assembly, by the 
Grand Lodges of Francfurt and Wetzlar. It consisted of the three Blue 
degrees only. 

The degrees of the Illuminati were, 1st, of the Nursery: — Preparation, 
Novice, Minerval, Illuminatus Minor; 2d, of Masonry: — Apprentice, 
Fellow Craft, Master, Illuminatus Major or Scottish Novice, Illuminatus 
Diligens, or Scottish Knight; 3d, of the Mysteries; Lesser: — Presbyter, 
Priest, Prince, Regent ; Greater : — Magus, Rex. 

All these Rites and Orders existed in Prussia, and if dangerous any where, 
they were dangerous there. But while Frederic II. lived, his government 
took no measures of repression against any of them, nor did they create, in 
Prussia, any trouble or excitement. Frederic had protected the Jesuits, 
when they were persecuted elsewhere ; and it was certainly a wiser policy to 
put himself at the head of all the Masonic Orders, and select a certain 
number of degrees out of all the Rites, including none of the degrees of the 
Strict Observance above the third, and none of the Illuminati, than to 
make war upon, and by persecutions make more dangerous, the Masons in 
his Kingdom: and being himself a Mason, it was easy to effect this. 

"In this country," Robison says, "we have no conception of the au- 
thority of a National Grand Master. When Prince Ferdinand of Bruns- 
wick, by great exertion among the jarring sects in Germany, had got him- 
self elected Grand Master of the Strict Observance, it gave serious alarm to 
the Emperor, and to all the Princes in Germany ; and contributed greatly 
to their connivance at the attempts of the Illuminati to discredit that party. 
In the great cities of Germany, the inhabitants paid more respect to the 
Grand Master of the Masons, than to their respective Princes." 

That Frederic was not favorably disposed towards the higher degrees, or 
what were called so, of the Strict Observance and other Rites, is very prob- 
ble. He spoke sneeringly of all Free Masonry, and regarded it as a hollow 
and empty affair, not worthy to engage the time and attention of rational 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 1 53 

men. Compared with the cares of a king or a minister, it seemed to him 
mere nonsence and idle torn-foolery. But when it became dangerous to 
thrones, or when it seemed that it might become so, and when its off-shoot 
or graft, Uluminism, became so effective an antagonist of Papism and Jesuit- 
ry, it became worthy Frederic's attention. He managed it somehow. There 
were no disturbances or trouble caused by it in his kingdom. 

At the time when the llluminati were thus suppressed in Bavaria and 
elsewhere, they had their circles all over Germany. Francfurt sur le Mein 
instructed Mayence, Darmstadt, Nieuwied, Cologne and Weimar. Wei- 
mar instructed Cassel, Gottingen, Wetzlar, Brunswick and Gotha. Gotha 
carried its light to Erfurt, Leipsic, Halle, Dresden and Dessau. Dessau had 
charge of Torgau, Wittenberg, Mecklenburg and Berlin. Berlin commu- 
nicated with Stettin, Breslau, Franckfurt sur 1' Oder ; and Franckfurt sur 
1' Oder took care of Kcenigsberg and the cities of Prussia. Essai Sur la 
Secte des Illumines (by M. de Luchet) ; Paris, 1789. 



Prussia was a Protestant Kingdom. Frederic was a philosopher, in the 
meaning of that word at that day, holding the opinions of Voltaire, Rous- 
seau, d' Alembert, Condorcetand others. He was opposed to all tyranny 
over the conscience, and of course to Papism. To prevent the extension 
of Romanism in Germany, and to limit the power and dominions of Aus- 
tria, were the great purposes of his life. Within his own kingdom he re- 
solved to govern, and did govern everything. It will be seen that, towards 
the last of his life, he had reasons for wishing to control the Masonic 
Order. 

Frederic's greatest merit in the cause of Germany was in warding off the 
last comprehensive plan of the Roman church for the conversion of the 
Protestants. He preserved Germany from the attempt of Maria Theresa 
to make Catholicism the religion of the Empire. Vehse, Court of Prussia. 

The Country of the Elector Palatine was under a Papal Sovereign, of 
the bigoted line of the House of Neuberg. The Elector of Saxony had 
returned to the fold of the Roman church in 1697, when the crown of 
Poland was put on his head. 

In the 1 8th century, the Church of Rome attempted by intrigue to bring 
Germany back to the fold. Snares were laid for Wurtemberg and Hesse 
Cassel. These Frederic thwarted. 



154 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

The Jesuits were spread over Germany, from the Palatinate and Swabia, 
through Franconia and the Rhenish Provinces, and extended into West- 
phalia, Saxony and Silesia. 

Frederic, in 1 749, still allied with France, endeavored to make head against 
the Austro-Jesuit movement, with the help of the Courts of the Palatinate 
and Cologne. 

He secured the Protestant religion in Wurtemberg and Hesse Cassel. It 
was owing to him alone that the Elector of Hesse Cassel, William, who 
succeeded in 1785, was a Protestant. When, in 1753, the Heir Presump- 
tive of the Dukedom of Wurtemberg married the Princess of Brandenburg- 
Schwedt, Frederic insisted on a pledge in the marriage contract, that the 
children of the marriage should be brought up in the Protestant religion. 
Their son Frederick I., King of Wurtemberg, succeeding in 1797, became, 
after sixty-five years, the first Protestant ruler of that Kingdom. 

Frederic's interference in these affairs, excited against him the Roman 
Catholic Potentates of Europe, whose spirit of revenge was formidably 
manifested in the coalition of 1756, when Austria and France united for 
his destruction. The principal motive which actuated Louis XV. in form- 
ing this coalition, was a religious one. This the papers of the Duke de 
Choiseul prove. His object was to crush Frederic and Protestantism. 
Frederic saved Germany in 1756, by the resolute stand he made against 
the House of Hapsburg. 

Yet he tolerated and protected the Catholics, in his own Kingdom ; and 
the Jesuits, when they were expelled from all other European countries. 
He allowed freedom of speech and of printing, — freedom of speech even in 
political matters ; freedom of the press in regard to everything except mat- 
ters of State. He even invited the Jesuits banished from other countries, 
to come to Prussia. 

The friendship of Frederic for Voltaire, and their long and intimate 
correspondence are well known. He had great regard for the other writers 
who were engaged, during the latter part of his life, in promulgating liberal 
opinions in France, and consequently he must have approved ot the prin- 
ciples taught in the Masonic Lodges, of which men like Helvetius and 
Franklin were members; of the principles of the real Scottish Masonry : 
for these principles were his own. 

Frederic II., says Schlosser, had the best reasons for taking the Jesuits 
in Silesia under his protection, of whose schools, besides, Voltaire gave him 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 155 

the most favorable account. Prussia did not then possess Miinster or Po- 
sen, portions of the Archbishopric of Treves or Cologne, and had there- 
fore nothing to fear from Romish influence, and would otherwise have been 
obliged to make large contributions from the public treasury for the pur- 
poses of education, of which the Jesuits took charge without pecuniary aid. 
He was in truth perfectly indifferent what his subjects thought or believed, 
provided they only served, paid taxes, and were obedient. Hist, of the 
iSth Century, iv. 462. 

In November, 1780, Joseph II. ascended the throne of Austria. He de- 
sired to obtain possession of Bavaria, for which, in 1785, he proposed 
to exchange Belgium. His plan was favoured by Russia, and the 
Elector Charles-Theodore ; to prevent which, Frederic formed a Con- 
federation, known as the Germanic League, among the principal Powers 
of Germanv, and thus defeated it. The treaty between them was signed 
on the 23d of July, 1785, the parties being Prussia, and the Electors 
of Saxony and Hanover. It was afterwards joined by the Elector 
of Mentz, the Duke of Deux-ponts, as heir presumptive of Bavaria, 
Hesse-Cassel, Brunswick, Baden, Saxe Gotha and Weimar, by Anspach 
and Baireuth, the Duke of Mecklenburg, the Princes of Anhalt-Dessau, 
Bernberg and Cothin and the Prince-Bishop of Osnabruck. Its object 
was to maintain the Constitution of the German Empire, and check the 
ambitious designs of the Court of Austria. 2 Vehse, Court of Austria, 
translated by Demmler, 436. 

The Free Masons were, in 1785, numerous enough to make their support 
desirable, either to Austria or Prussia. Each sought it. 

Vehse says, (Court of Austria, ii. 312, trans, of Demmler,) that Jo- 
seph II. put himself at the head of the Secret Orders, partly from vanity, 
and partly for the purpose of using them. The Free Masons and 
Illuminati, he says, "were made the tools of his plans for the acquisition of 
Bavaria. The Barons Bassus, Costanza and Knigge, while thinking they 
subserved the Order of Free Masonry, were the dupes of Joseph, "until 
Frederic opened, their eyes." 

How did he open their eyes? or, rather, how did he bring the influence 
of the Masonry of which these men were the chiefs, over from Joseph II. 
to himself? We think it ivas by the sensible and effective measure of 
putting himself at their head. If he did so, the Constitutions of 17S6 
were a natural result. 



156 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

The question whether Frederic did put himself at the head of the Free 
Masonry of the higher degrees, and form a scale which rejected all those 
invented in Germany, including those of the Rite of Strict Observance, 
the Eclectic Rite and the llluminati, is one of probability. To decide it, 
one must understand what was the condition of Free Masonry and Ulumin- 
ism in Germany, and especially in Prussia, in 1785 and 1786. 

On the 19th of August, 1773, r ^ e celebrated brief of Pope Clement XIV. 
was published, which abolished the Order of Jesuits all over tie world. 
"The abolition of the Order operated precisely in the same manner in 
Bavaria and in the other blind countries of the Catholic or rather Eccle- 
siastical States of Germany, as the removal of the Archbishop of Cologne," 
Schlosser says, "a few years ago, — the darkness became thicker than before. 
The ex-Jesuits, now become Martyrs, proved more dangerous and perni- 
cious in the form of an opposition which creeps into Secret Societies, and as- 
sumes a thousand protean forms, than they had previously been as a domi- 
nant and envied power. ... It was principally the Jesuits, who, un- 
der Leopold and Francis, destroyed all the fruits of Joseph's exertions and 
labors in Austria; and true to the spirit of the casuistry which they had 
learned in their Order, they continued to offer a hypocritical homage to 
enlightenment during the reign of Joseph, and distinguished themselves un- 
der the following reigns by a foul system of espionage, calumny and accu- 
sations." — Schlosser, iv. 459-461. 

The Bishops in Bavaria were especially enraged at the abolition of the 
Order, and protected and aided the Jesuits. The Saxon Prince, Clement, 
Bishop of Treves and Augsburg, had a Jesuit for Confessor, and was com- 
pletely surrounded by the Order; and all its fanatics were collected in 
Augsburg and Dillingen, and there railed against Protestants from the pul- 
pits. Charles Theodore of the Palatinate allowed the same at Heidelberg 
and Dusseldorf. In Bavaria, the ex-Jesuits continued to be the favorites at 
Court, and Frank, the King's Confessor, exercised unlimited powers over 
his Sovereign, until his death in 1795. 

Of course it was foreseen that the Jesuits would labor assiduously for the 
restoration of the Order. The result was, that Ck a design was entertained 
in Bavaria of instituting another Secret Society to oppose the secret asso- 
ciation of the Jesuits in favor of ignorance and superstition ; and for the 
maintenance of what its founders called knowledge and light ; and whose 
members therefore were to be distinguished as the llluminati" These were 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 1 57 

anxious to prevent the restoration of the Order of Jesus, " and therefore their 
struggle for life and death with the Jesuits and Papism, which appears in- 
capable of maintaining its ground without Jesuits." Schlosser, iv. 463, 4. 

The impartial account of the Illuminati given by Schlosser is entitled to 
full credit. He says, after speaking of Weishaupt, Knigge and others : li As 
to the associations themselves, we can neither say so much evil of the Free 
Masons and the Illuminati, as Barruel and Germans of his stamp have said, nor 
bestow upon them such commendations as the enemies of the Jesuits and 
their doctrines are accustomed to do." He very sensibly remarks that the 
men, their Orders, and the longing after secret initiations and revelations, 
were not the causes, but the effects of a new order of things, that had been 
slowly developing itself. 

Robison (Proofs of a Conspiracy), is generally correct in the account he 
gives of the establishment of the different Rites and bodies in Germany. 
In regard to the principles, either of these organizations or of the Illumi- 
nati, he argues like a prosecuting attorney, and his conclusions do not always 
legitimately flow from the evidence which he produces. 

The Lodge des Chevaliers Bienfaisants de la Sainte Cite, at Lyons, in 
France, was the most zealous and systematic of all the Cosmopolitan Lodges, 
and erected many Lodges in France, and granted constitutions to many in 
Germany. Jn 1769 and 1770, all the Lodges in Alsace and Lorraine put 
themselves under its patronage; and one of its daughter-Lodges, TJieodor 
von der guten Bach, at Munich, was suppressed by the Elector of Bavaria 
in 1786. Jt had others at Regensburg, Spire and Worms. 

When we scrutinize the Constitutions ascribed to Frederic, we find in 
them passages which so perfectly apply to the circumstances that existed at 
their imputed date, as to form strong evidence that they were written at 
that time. 

For example, in the preface, after speaking of the division of Masonry 
into Rites, these words are found : " But still other divisions, springing 
from the first, caused the constitution of new associations, most of which 
hav e nothing whatever in common with the liberal art of Masonry, except the 
name, and some forms preserved by their founders to keep secret their 
purposes, — purposes often exclusive, sometimes dangerous, and almost al- 
ways opposed to the traditional principles and sublime doctrines of Free 
Masonry." 

" The well-known dissensions which those new associations excited and 



158 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

long kept alive in the Order, exposed it to the suspicion and distrust of al- 
rnost all Monarchs, and to the cruel persecutions of some." .... 

" Recent and urgent representations which of late have reached us from 
every quarter, have satisfied us of the urgent necessity of erecting a strong 
barrier against that spirit of intolerance, sectarianism, schism and anarchy, 
which late innovators are busily laboring to introduce among the breth- 
ren, aiming at objects more or less narrow, inconsiderate or reprehensible, 
and proposed for specious reasons, and which, by changing the nature of 
the true art of Free Masonry, necessarily tend to lead it astrav, and may 
thus bring the Order into general contempt, and lead to its extinction. And 

We, ADVISED OF WHAT IS NOW PASSING IN THE NEIGHBORING KINGDOMS, Cannot 

but admit the existence of this urgent and pressing necessity." 

Certainly these passages faithfully describe the condition of things exist- 
ing in Free Masonry in Germany, in 1786, the perversion of its forms and 
ceremonies to the purposes of the llluminati, and the disturbances and troubles 
caused by the latter Order in Bavaria and elsewhere ; as well as the at least 
supposed and firmly believed possession of the Rite of Strict Observance by 
the Jesuits. A forger, after the French Revolution, would hardly have 
thought of assigning these particular reasons. That great cataclysm had 
effaced the remembrance of these things, as if they had never been. Starck 
and Wcellner, both preachers, and Protestants, of course shared these sen- 
timents, in regard both to the Jesuits and Illuminati ; and it is not probable 
that d' Esterno, a French Nobleman, Minister of the King of France, and 
no friend of Mirabeau, was in favor either of the revolutionary plots of 
one, or the Papistical machinations of the other. 

In December, 1861, the Grand Lodge of the Three Globes, at Berlin, 
put forth a Protocol, in regard to the Edition of the Grand Constitutions of 
1786, impeaching iheir authenticity on five grounds. 

1st. That Frederic attended to Masonic affairs for only seven years af- 
ter his initiation, "and was never engaged in them afterward.; but kept 
himself aloof from every direct participation in them, devoting himself with 
almost superhuman exertions, exclusively to the troubles an 1 cares of gov- 
ernment, and to the command of his army." 

When one is endeavoring to establish or disprove a proposition, by 
an argument founded on probabilities, nothing should be invented, to serve 
as a make-weight. The last clause of the foregoing sentence avails itself of 
the supposed fact that Frederic was so exclusively and unremittingly en- 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. I 59 

gaged in the matters spoken of, as to have neither time nor inclination to 
attend to Masonry, or, in fact, to anything else, to aid the conclusion 
supposed to follow from his indifference to Masonry when a few years had 
elapsed after his initiation. 

But every one knows that Frederic always found time to attend to many 
other matters than the cares of government and the command of his army. 
After the peace of Teschen, signed on the l 3th of May, 1779, he " returned 
to Potsdam, and to those peaceful occupations, which continued, without in- 
terruption, till his death." Soon after the war ended, the Prince de Ligne 
visited him by invitation ; and during his stay, they conversed together 
daily, for five hours. " The universality of his conversation," the Prince 
says, '•' completed my enchantment at his powers. The arts, war, medicine, 
literature, religion, philosophy, morality, history and legislation passed in 
review by turns." Lord Dover, ii. 407. Never was a King and Military 
Commander who found more time for correspondence with men of letters, 
for study, for conversation, than Frederic II. 

That he paid no attention to Masonry, after a few years had passed from 
the time of his initiation, is true. It is true, also, that he considered the 
expectations of great benefit to humanity to result from it, utterly chimeri- 
cal, and its ceremonies puerile. In its 3d ground, the Protocol says, " It 
does not correspond at all to the manner of thinking and acting of the 
Sublime Sovereign, to have occupied himself, near the end of his earthly 
career, with things which he had characterized as idle, valueless and play- 
work." He had so characterized Masonry in general, not speaking of the 
High Degrees ; and a King and General like him was not likely to be much 
impressed by the ceremonies, secrets, or learning, of the degrees of Appren- 
tice, Fellow and Master. 

But when Masonry had widely extended itself in his dominions and over 
the neighboring States, and Noblemen, Generals and Statesmen were made 
members of the Order, and even Monarchs; when another Order claim- 
ing to be connected with and based upon it, obedient to a single head, and 
managed by men of intellect, had become a power in Germany, professing 
the principles of civil and religious liberty, revolutionary in its aims, and 
desiring to overturn all thrones, and this, too, numbering among its mem- 
bers men of the highest rank, the most vigorous intellect and the no- 
blest characters, might not Frederic have come to think Free Masonry pow- 
erful and dangerous, and to deem it wise to put himself at the head of the 



l6o A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

high philosophical and chivalric degrees, excluding the Strict Observance, 
supposed to be controlled by the Jesuits, and Illuminism, governed by the 
revolutionists, from the scale of degrees of Free Masonry altogether. 

We may at least say that Frederic's former contempt for Masonry is of 
little value in this inquiry, except to build a probability on; and it amounts 
to very little in the attempt to determine what he was likely to do or not 
to do, when circumstances and the nature and importance of the Order 
had so changed. 

He was eminently a politic man. He preferred protecting and befriend- 
ing the Jesuits, to persecuting them, when they were suppressed everywhere. 
He was a latitudinarian and sceptic in religion, and bitterly opposed to 
Jesuitry and Papal domination. So were the principles of the Scottish Ma- 
sonry. He had, in 1786, just succeeded in establishing the Germanic 
League, and was wise enough to lose no opportunity and neglect no means 
to strengthen that league and to counteract the designs of Joseph on the 
one side and the Bavarian Jesuits on the other. He had kept a watchful 
eye on the Illuminati, Schlosser tells us. The chiefs of Masonry had been, 
we have seen, used as instruments by Joseph, until Frederic showed them 
their error. How could he otherwise draw them away from Joseph, than 
by becoming their Patron and Protector? It is not a question of what he 
thought of Masonry, in what estimation he held it, what he cared for its 
principles ; but of what policy would lead him to do. Wherefore the first 
argument of the Protocol amounts to nothing. 

Barruel, a Catholic, in his " Memoir es pour servir a la Histoire du Jacobi- 
nisme," iv. 302, says that the Germanic Union was " a new coalition formed 
by the principal Adepts of Illuminism, and disastrously famous in Germany :" 
and, at p. 291, speaks of " that threat of Weishaupt that he would con- 
quer, or rather destroy the Strict Observance and the Rose Croixes." 
When General Count Pappenheim, Governor of Ingoldstadt, and Count 
Leinsheim, Minister, and Vice-President of the Council at Munich, were 
of the Illuminati, Secret Orders were no longer unworthy of Frederic's 
attention. 

Weishaupt, writing to Zwack, in January, 1783, sketched a plan for a 
system of Confederated Masonic Lodges, to furnish candidates for Illumin- 
ism, and to get the upper hand of and destroy the Strict Observance. 
"The most important affair for us," he said, "is to establish an Eclectic 
Masonry. With that we have all we wish." Many Lodges, among them 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. l6l 

the English Lodge Edessa, of Francfurt, he said, were ready to accede to 
his plan. In support of this project, he enlisted the Dukes Ferdinand of 
Brunswick and Charles of Hesse-Cassel and the Prince of Neuwied, and, 
for a time, Charles Augustus, Duke of Saxe Weimar. Others of its adher- 
ents were the Count de Kollowrath, Ernest Louis, Duke of Saxe Gotha, 
the Count Von Stolberg. uncle of the Prince of Neuwied, and with him 
the whole of that Court, the Count de Cobentzl, Treasurer at Eichstadt, 
Sauer, Chancellor at Ratisbon, and. Sonnenfels, Councillor and Censor at 
Vienna. His great obstacles were the jealousy of the Rose Croixes, and that 
of the Brethren of the Strict Observance, and the Philalethes. 

In the new or Eclectic System established at Wilhelmsbad, the Illuminati 
governed, gained entrance into the Directories, and fraternized with the Breth- 
ren of the Strict Observance. The Master of a Lodge (Discours d' un 
Venerable sur le dernier sort de la Franc-Mafomierie) lamented this, and 
said that it was owing to the labors of Bode, and to the assistance given him 
by Knigge. " To the great astonishment," he said, " to the great grief of 
all true Brethren, it was by means of Bode and him, that throughout all 
Germany, the greatest part of our Lodges were impregnated and infected 
with this llluminism." 

In 1783, the Grand Lodge of the Three Globes, at Berlin, by circular 
letter, anathematized all Brethren who lent themselves to llluminism ; but the 
letter made little impression ; and the chiefs of llluminism, in their Instruc- 
tions for the Degree of llluminatus Dirigens, said, u Of all the Lodges le- 
gitimately constituted in Germany, there is but one, that is not united to 
our Superiors; and that one has had to cease its labors." 

Barruel says, u A more astounding mystery still, and which would seem 
to be beyond the reach of human faith, if the progress of the Illuminati did 
not explain it, was the inactivity and species of sleep in which the German 
Courts remained buried, in the midst of the dangers which that of Bavaria 
had made so present and so palpable." Frederic II. had died, when the proofs 
against the Illuminati were discovered ; but the Illuminati, Barruel says, 
accuse him of instigating the Court of Munich to persecute the chiefs 
and leading adepts. He admits that Frederic himself took no measures 
against them in his States. 

Why did he not? Those who deny that he concerned himself about 
Masonry, must find a reply, if they can. It is undeniable that he was re- 
puted, even in America, to be at the head of the high degrees ; and whenever 



l62 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

the meaning of the Camp of the 32c! degree, and of its words is discovered, 
it will be found, we believe, that they have allusion to him as the repre- 
sentative of liberal ideas and the acknowledged head and chief of anti- 
papism on the Continent of Europe. 

2d. "In the year 1762, the third Silesian Campaign engaged the whole 
attention of the King." [No one has ever claimed that he had any per- 
sonal share in enacting the Regulations of 1762, which were in fact made 
at Bordeaux in France, by nine Commissioners.] "On the 1st of May, 
1786, he resided, a martyr to the gout, decrepit and weary of life, in his 
castle of Sans Souci, near Potsdam, not in Berlin. Soon after the 10th of 
September, 1785, he went from Berlin to Potsdam, and never returned to 
Berlin : and on the 17th of April, 1761, he removed to the castle of Sans 
Souci, which he never afterwards left." 

3d. " It is therefore a falsehood that King Frederic the Great had con- 
voked, on the 1st of May, 1786, in his residence at Berlin, a Grand 
Council for regulating the high degrees." 

Frederic was not troubled with the gout, at all, in 1786. It had left 
him in the fall of 1785. The phrase " decrepit and weary of life," involves 
a falsehood, or rather two. He had the dropsy : he could not sleep, except 
in a chair : he was feeble of body, could not ride without suffering great 
fatigue : but his intellect was as keen, clear, and vigorous and bold as ever. He 
could labor in the discharge of his kingly duties, as many hours in the twenty- 
four as ever, and the work was as well done as ever. The protocol plainly 
means the word " decrepit " to give the impression that he was feeble of 
mind as well as body, and not in a condition to pay attention to the mak- 
ing of Constitutions for the Scottish Masonry. 

So it means that the phrase " weary of life " shall give the impression 
that he no longer took an interest in the affairs of this life. Nothing could be 
more false. His interest in every thing that concerned his kingdom, his 
power, his influence, or that concerned improvements in agriculture and 
the discipline of his army, education and religious freedom, or the main- 
tenance of Protestant ascendancy, continued unabated to the very last day 
of his life. He was not weary of life. No man was ever less so. He ate 
gluttonously and with relish and was as fond of amusing conversation as any 
man. He was anxious to live. Not satisfied with his regular physicians, 
he invited Dr. Zimmerman to his court, and took his remedies. 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 163 

The Grand Lodge of the Three Globes could not have been ignorant of 
what Frederic's true condition was, during his last illness. To misrepre- 
sent it, by the use of words carefully selected for the purpose, was not cred- 
itable practice. It was not employed as a pettifogger, to make out a case 
after the mode resorted to in small courts ; but it was assuming to decide 
authoritatively as a judge, and speaking ex cathedra. 

The simple fact relied on in grounds 2d and 3d, and the deduction from 
it, are, that Frederic was not at Berlin, after the 17th of April, and so could 
not have held a Council at Berlin, on the 1st of May, 1786. 

The Constitutions do purport to have been sanctioned and signed by him 
at Berlin ; and it is equally true that he was at Potsdam, seventeen miles 
distant. We date documents, often, at the Grand Orient of Charleston, 
and yet sign and issue them at Washington. Berlin was the capital of 
Prussia, and the Masonic Grand Orient. The convention of Inspectors — 
held at all — would naturally be held there. The Ministers of Frederic re- 
sided and had their offices there. On the 31st of May, in each year, they 
arrived at Potsdam, where Frederic had always resided, and made their re- 
ports to the King. The Treasury was at Berlin, (Thiebault, Orig. Anecd. 
of Frederic the Great, ii. 93; transl. Phila., 1806). It was natural 
enough that the Constitutions should purport to have been sanctioned and 
signed at the capital. 

When Frederic was about to commence the Seven Years' War, in 1756, 
he published his Declaration of Motives, at Berlin ; and it is probable that 
most of the public acts af the Government were dated at the same place. 
We have not the means of verifying this; but it is natural to suppose so, 
especially as, we repeat, from the time he became King, he always lived at 
Potsdam. 

This ground is rather a thin one. 

4th. " The Documents kept from time to time in the Archives of the 
Grand National Mother Lodge, do not show the slightest trace of the above 
mentioned documents, or of the existence of a Grand Council in Berlin." 

We do not know why they should, as the Grand National Mother 
Lodge was simply a symbolic Lodge, which turned itself into a Grand 
Lodge. It had nothing to do with the Scottish Masonry ; and it is not in 
its archives that one would look to find documents relating to a Rite of 
Masonry or to degrees which it knew nothing of. 

It is quite certain that there were bodies of the Higher Degrees and of 



164 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

different Rites, at Berlin. During the life-time of Frederic the Great, none 
of these were in any way interfered with. But his successor, Frederic Wil- 
liam III., was but a little while (some two years) on the throne, when he 
followed the example of Bavaria, in persecuting the IUuminati and higher 
degrees ; and the latter soon disappeared from Prussia. It would hardly be 
deemed very suspicious or strange, if documents concerning a Supreme 
Council were not to be found in the archives of the Grand Lodge of a 
State. Frederic died three months and a half after the date of the Constitu- 
tions ; and as the persecution soon followed, it is not strange that no traces 
remain in Prussia of the existence of a Supreme Council there. 

5th. " Of the persons who are said to have signed those documents, only 
Stark and Wcellner are here known ; the others are entirely uknnown, 
nowhere mentioned in any of the numerous Masonic books or writings 
collected here" 

Unfortunately for the reputation of the Grand Lodge of the Three 
Globes, as Students of History, the name of d' Esterno, one of the signers, 
is not unknown. He was the French Ambassador at Berlin, when Mira- 
beau went there, during Frederic's last illness, and when he died. He is 
spoken of by Mirabeau {Hist. Secrete de la Cour de Berlin), in Letters 
vi. and xiv. Mirabeau was sent there at the instance of Prince Henry, 
second brother of Frederic, who spoke of d'Esterno as " the upright and 
worthy Comte d'Esterno," but as not of a character decided or active 
enough for the actual circumstances. He wrote to Calonne, Minister of 
the King of France, to send some man of a different description, and Calonne 
sent Mirabeau ; and Mirabeau complained to Calonne that he was not 
well received by d'Esterno. 

The signatures not effaced, are H > Esterno i Stark, Wcellner and H. 
Willelm, and the initial letter D. . . . We do not find the name of 
"Willelm in the Biographia TJniverselle or its Supplement ; but neither do 
we find those of the Baron Von Hunde, of Counts Constanza or Costanza 
and Savioli, of the Baron Bassus or Batz, or of Payne, Sayer or Anderson. 

Starck, the Protocol says, could not have signed the documents of 1762, 
and 1786. Nobody pretends that he signed the regulations of 1762. He 
went, it says, in 1781, from Konigsberg in Prussia, to Darmstadt, as first 
Preacher of the Court there ; and declares, in his Defence against the Accu- 
sations of Nicolai and others, published in 1787, that he had had nothing to 
do with Masonry since 1777, and had been very indifferent to every thing 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 165 

that had happened among the Free Masons; so much so, as not to wish to 
answer letters from former friends on such subjects. 

That he resided at Darmstadt, some 250 or 275 miles from Berlin, did 
not make it impossible for him to visit the latter place. The account given 
of him in the Biographie Universelle is as follows: 

"Starck: (Jean Auguste cfe), Preacher of the Court of Hesse-Darmstadt, 
born at Schwerin, the 29th of October, 1741, was son of the President of 
the Consistory of that city. Brought up in the Lutheran faith, he applied 
himself by turns to theology, belles-lettres and the study of the oriental 
languages, and distinguished himself by his acumen and aptitude. In 1761, 
he became a member of the Teutonic Academy of Gottingen, and in 1762, 
was invited to occupy the chair of Oriental Languages and Antiquities in 
the College of St. Peter at Petersburg, which place he filled with distinc- 
tion during two years and a half.'' 

Pleading a desire to travel, in order to perfect himself in his studies, 
he resigned his chair and went to Paris, with recommendations from the 
French Minister in Russia to the Bishop of Orleans, and others. He ar- 
rived at Paris in October, 1765, and abjured Protestantism on the 8th of 
February, 1766. He was offered the post of Director of the College of 
St. Peter at Petersburg, and a chair in the University of Rostock; but 
preferred to obtain one at Paris ; failing in which, he returned to Ger- 
many, where his abjuration not being known, he resumed the exercise of 
the Protestant religion. 

In 1770 he was invited to Konigsberg, once the capital of Prussia, and 
where Frederic I. was crowned in 1701, to exercise the functions of Pro- 
fessor of Theology and Preacher to the Court. Six years after, he was 
Preacher-in-Chief and Superintendent-General; but had hardly received 
these appointments, when, to every one's astonishment he voluntarily re- 
signed them, making his valedictory on the 1st of January, 1777. He 
went then to Mitau, to fill a chair of Philosophy, in which he no longer had 
to teach the Lutheran religion. But in 1781 he accepted the place of first 
preacher of the Court of Darmstadt, and that of chief of the Consistory, 
which he resigned, to occupy himself exclusively with the duties of his 
chair. His enemies accused him of being secretly a Catholic, which accu- 
sation he did not repel, but his conduct gave color to it. 

Starck was held in great consideration at Darmstadt. To the end he 
wrote against the philosophical system, and Biester, Gedicke and Nicolai 
II 



l66 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

accused him of Jesuitism. The Landgrave, afterwards Grand Duke, of 
Hesse Darmstadt, held him in especial esteem, and in 1807 conferred on 
him the Grand Cross of the Order of Louis, for merit, and in 1811 made 
him a Baron. He died in March, 1816. His works are numerous and pro- 
found. Among them are, " Sur les Anciens et Nouveanx Mysteres," 
published at Berlin, in 1782; Nicaise, or a collection of Free-Masonic let- 
ters, translated from the French, published at Francfurt, in 1785-1786; 
and a work on Crypto-Catholicism, Proselytism, Jesuitism, Secret Societies, 
and the charges against himself, published at Francfurt, in the same years. 
None of these are within our reach. 

The publication of the first two of these works is pretty good proof that 
he had not abandoned Masonry, either in 1782 or in 1785 and 1786. 
His " defence " is not within our reach. Robison says of him [Proofs of 
Consp., 2oyJ : " Starck, however, would in Britain, be a very singular 
character, considered as a clergyman. The frivolous Secrets of Masonry 
have either engrossed his whole mind, or he has labored in them as a lu- 
crative trade, by which he took advantage of the folly of others." He 
says this of him, in connection with his defence of Jesuitism. The bio- 
grapher of Hippel, in the Nekrologie, 1797, Vol. I. 274-5, says that the addi- 
tions to St. John's Masonry " found acceptance at Konigsberg, at which place 
a Court preacher, Starck, who was one of the most active promoters of the 
higher Free Masonry, filled distinguished offices and had many friends." 

It is certainly not even improbable that Starck, opposed to Illuminism, and 
therefore, perhaps, having become discontented with Masonry, should have 
had his love for the Higher Degrees, which he received in France, revive 
when Frederic offered (if he did so) to take the Scottish Masonry under 
his protection. If he published works in regard to it, and a collection of 
Masonic letters, in 1782 and 1785-6, he had certainly not abandoned it. 

Wcellner had been elected, in 1775, the Protocol says, alt Scholtischer 
Obermeister, and held this office until 1791, when he was elected Nation- 
al Grand Master. " Nowhere in the archives can be found evidence that 
he took an interest in the High Degrees." Two letters, it says, were sent him 
by " les Philalethes chefs legitimes du regime Martinique de la respect- 
able Loge des Cceurs Beunis, a V Orient de Paris?' in 1786 and 1787, 
in relation to a convention to be held at Paris. He must therefore have 
:been known in France as in some manner connected with French Masonry. 

This is what the Biographie JJniverselle informs us about Wcellner : 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 167 

" Johann Christopher von Wcellner, was born in 1732, at Dceberitz, a 
town in the Electoral March. He was a Minister of Religion, and studied 
theology at Halle. In 1755 he was Curate of Gross- Behnitz, in the envi- 
rons of Berlin. He wrote a Memoir on the partition of communal. proper- 
ty which brought him into notice. Prince Henry, brother of Frederic, 
took him into his Council, and the Hereditary Prince received from him 
lessons in public economy. This was the origin of the favour he enjoyed 
with that Prince, after the latter came to the throne. 

"To gain this favor, he became initiated a Rose Croix, and propagated 
its doctrines zealously. The Rose Croix of Berlin formed a sect of pecu- 
liar character. Bischoffswerder was at their head, an intriguing man who 
had the whole confidence of the King — a mystic, believer in magic, seeker 
of the philosopher's srone, &c. In public they were accused of being 
Jesuits in disguise, because they seemed to favor the doctrines, or at least 
the ceremonies of the Catholic religion.'' 

The Grand Lodge of the Three Globes knew as little about Wollner as 
about Starck. 

The fact that names like those above, none of them ministers or favorites 
of Frederic, appear upon the Constitutions, and that those of Herzberg, 
Le Catt, the Count de Goertz and Mollendorf do not figure there, seems to 
us to be a strong proof of their authenticity. If they were forged, why 
was the name of d' Esterno selected — a name not found at all in the Bio- 
graphie Universelle, and not at all likely to have been known at Charleston 
in 1801. Who at Charleston, in fact, knew anything about Starck or Woll- 
ner? Even the Grand Lodge of the Three Globes at Berlin is blissfully 
ignorant that such a person as d' Esterno was ever known. Why should 
the names of Starck and Wollner have been selected, one Court Preacher 
at Darmstadt, the other not generally known as possessed of the High 
Degrees? And why that of Willelm, about whom nothing at all can be 
discovered ? 

The initial D . . may be that of the name of Denina, who had become 
known to Frederic as the author of the History of the Revolutions of Italy, 
and whom Frederic, in consequence of the merit of that work, had engaged 
in his service, and sent for him from Turin. He appears to have been a man 
of labor and instruction, but of moderate abilities. He published, sub- 
sequently, two or three works upon the subject of the reign of Frederic, the 
literary men of Prussia, &c. 2 Lord Dover, 433. 



1 68 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

The very fact that neither of the signers is known to have resided at 
Berlin, except d' Esterno. a Frenchman ; and that two of them did not 
reside even in the kingdom, proves it almost impossible that the Constitu- 
tions could have been forged anywhere, after the French Revolution, and 
very improbable that they were forged at all. What forger would have 
selected these names ? If they are genuine.it proves that the Supreme 
Council was not a Prussian but a European body ; and that a forger would 
never have thought of. 



Dr. Robert B. Folger, in his compilation called a history, says of the 
Grand Constitutions of 1786 : " The signatures are wanting, or at least 
most of them ; and we are told by the Charleston people, in a note ap- 
pended to the document, that this imperfection is owing to the effects of 
attrition and sea-water, to the action of which it has been frequently ex- 
posed." Doctor Folger, 33d, is not told so by "the Charleston people," 
at all. The note is appended in the copy published in France, in 1834, 
certified by Lafayette and others to be a true copy of the original, act- 
ually compared by them. " The Charleston people " are or were, probably, 
not respectable enough to be entitled to decent words from Dr. Folger; 
but we incline to think that the word of the good Marquis de Lafayette 
will weigh as heavy as his. Of the ignorance of history which makes the 
learned Doctor say that Frederic "died in the month of May, 1786, at 
the very time when he was said to be at work at these Institutes;" and that 
" for full eleven months before his death he was powerless, and a part of 
the time insensible, having suffered from paralysis," — of loose and auda- 
ciously incorrect statements like these, we need say nothing. Before 
undertaking to write " history," Dr. Folger would have done well to read 
some books on the subject about which he proposed to treat, and not have 
resorted to the easier plan of saying what nobody else had ever said, and so 
becoming a writer of fiction. 

Dr. Folger thinks the Constitutions forged because the Latin is bad. 
We do not see why forged Latin should necessarily be bad, or bad Latin 
be necessarily forged. 

One specimen of his criticism will suffice : 

In Article XI. he prints, " Gradu?n Equitis Kadosch, item xxxi, et xxxii. 
non tribuentur" and asks "What barbarian wrote that Latin document?" 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 169 

In our edition we read, "Gradus . . . non tribuentur ;" and no school-boy 
could be " barbarian " enough to make such a blunder as to write "gradum 
tribuentur." Of course it is not barbaric Latin, but a mere error of 
copyist or printer ; and so are all that he points out. We do not remem- 
ber that any of them existed in the copy printed in 1834 (which we have 
not seen since 1859); an< ^ ^° not remember making any corrections. But 
if they did exist there, they were so plainly and palpably mere errors, that 
there could be no reason for not correcting them. Whoever wrote the Con- 
stitutions, it is very evident from the general style, that he knew by far too 
much of the Latin grammar to make such blunders ignorantly, even if the 
Latin is not Ciceronian or classical. 

The criticisms upon the efFacement of part of the signatures, and upon 
the reason assigned for it, are answered by the simple statement that a 
number of honorable gentlemen have certified that the names were so 
effaced, and that they saw and examined the originals. If Dr. Folger does 
not believe them, and does believe that they lied, wilfully and deliberately, 
it is his right, we suppose. But we think that he is the first man, living or 
dead, who ever coolly branded Lafayette as a wilful liar. 

It would be time and labor very poorly expended to go over and expose all 
the misrepresentations of Dr. Folger in regard to the Supreme Council at 
Charleston, and these Grand Constitutions. The beginnings of Free 
Masonry itself, in its present form, late in the 17th or early in the 18th 
century, and those of many rites of it subsequently created, are hidden 
in obscurity. Nothing was published about them, and no records were 
kept. The Scottish Rite began like the rest, and was only known when it 
began to be strong. If Dr. Folger were to rail by the week at the 
"revivers" of Masonry in 1717 for forging their Constitutions, or against 
the Rite of Perfection because its founders are wholly unknown, as the 
date of its origin is, it would amount to very little ; but it would 
amount to just as much as his railing against the founders of the Supreme 
Council at Charleston. 

"The suicide of the soul is to think evil." 

CONCLUSIONS. 

We think we may safely say that the charge that the Grand Constitu- 
tions were forged at Charleston is completely disproved, and that it will be 



170 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

contemptible hereafter to repeat it. No set of speculating Jews consti- 
tuted the Supreme Council established there ; and those who care for the 
reputations of Colonel Mitchell and Doctors Dalcho, Auld and Moultrie 
may well afford to despise the scurrilous libels of the Ragons, Gavels and 
Folgers. 

And, secondly, that it is not by any means proven or certain that the 
Constitutions were not really made at Berlin, as they purport to have been, 
and approved by Frederic. We think that the preponderance of the 
evidence, internal and external, is on the side of their authenticity, apart 
from the positive testimony of the certificate of 1832. » 

And, thirdly, that the Supreme Council at Charleston had a perfect 
right to adopt them as the law of the new Order, no matter where, when, 
or by whom they were made, as Anderson's Constitutions were adopted in 
Symbolic Masonry ; that they are and always have been the law of the 
Rite, because they icere so adopted ; and because no man has ever lawfully 
received the degrees of the Rite without swearing to maintain them as its su- 
preme law; for, as to the articles themselves, there is no substantial differ- 
ence between the French and Latin copies. 

And, thirdly, that there is not one particle of proof, of any sort, cir- 
cumstantial or historical or by argument from improbability, that they are 
not genuine and authentic. In law, documents of great age, found in the 
possession of those interested under them, to whom they rightfully belong, 
and with whom they might naturally be expected to be found, are ad- 
mitted in evidence without proof, to establish title or facts. They prove 
themselves, and to be avoided must be disproved by evidence. There is 
no evidence against the genuineness of these Grand Constitutions. 



OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SCOTTISH MASONRY 
IN THE UNITED STATES, 

AND THE CREATION AND FOUNDERS OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL 
OF THE UNITED STATES, AT CHARLESTON, IN l8oi. 

In 17^8, certain Masons, styling themselves "Sovereign Princes and 
Grand Officers of the Grand anJ Sovereign Lodge of St. John of Jerusa- 
lem," founded at Paris a body ca led, " The Chapter" (or Council) " of 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. I/I 

Emperors of the East and West." Their Rite seems in the beginning to 
have consisted of twenty-five degrees ; at least, all the writers who speak of 
its original scale, assign to it that number.'* 

The rite established (or adopted) by this chapter or council, consisting 
of twenty-five degrees, has ordinarily been known as the Rite of Perfection, 
or of Heredom.f 

In 1759 tne Council of Emperors of the East and West is said to have 
established a Council of Princes of the Royal Secret at Bordeaux. J 

In 1761 Lacorne, enraged because the Grand Lodge refused to act with 
him in his character of Deputy or Substitute-General of the Grand Master, 
and its members to sit with him, set up a new Grand Lodge. Both Grand 
Lodges granted charters, and the Council of Emperors constituted lodges 
and chapters at Paris and throughout France.^ 

In the midst of this confusion, Etienne (or Stephen) Morin was com- 
missioned — some writers say by the Council of Emperors, and others by the 
Grand Lodge. Ragon says, by the Grand Lodge of Lacorne.\ 

The patent to Etienne Morin, which all the writers agree, and the copies 
extant show, was granted on the 27th of August, 1761, runs as follows: 

" To the glory of the Grand Architect of the Universe. 

"At the Grand Orient of France, and by the good pleasure of His Most 
Serene Highness, and the thrice Illustrious Brother, Bourbon, Comte de 
Clermont, Prince of the Blood, Grand Master and Protector of all the 
Regular Lodges. At the Orient of a place well lighted, where peace, si- 
lence and harmony reign, Anno Lucis, 5761, and according to the vulgar 
style, the 27th August, 1 76 l. 

" LUX EX TENEBRIS. 

"We, the undersigned, Deputies General of the Royal Art, Grand 

* Levesque, Aper;u 56. 1 Thory, Acta Lat. 74. Vidal Fezandi«, Essai Hist. 
145. Ragon, Orthod. Ma?. 48, 49, izg. Clavel, Hist. Pitt. 167. Besuchet, 1 
Precis Hist. 37. Rebold, Hist. Gen 136. f Ragon, Orthod. Mac. 129. 

% Thory, 1 Acta Lat. 78. Ragon, Orthod. Ma?. 171. 

§ Levesque, 57. Thory, 1 Acta Lat. 78. L'Arche Sainte, 46, 

I Thory, 1 Acta Lat. 78. Ragon, Orthod. Mac 131, Clavel, Hist. Pitt. 206, 
say from the Council of Emperors. The Advocates of the Grand Orient, in its 
controversies with the Supreme Council of France, say, from the Grand Lodge, 
See, for example, 1'Arche Sainte, 49, The patent speaks for itself. 



172 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

Wardens and Officers of the Grand and Sovereign Lodge of St. John of 
Jerusalem, established at the Orient of Paris; and we, Perfect Grand 
Masters of the Grand Council of the regular lodges under the protection of 
the Grand and Sovereign Lodge, by the sacred and mysterious numbers, 
do declare, certify and prescribe to all the well-beloved brethren, knights 
and princes spread over the two hemispheres, that we being assembled by 
order of the Deputy-General President of the Grand Council, a petition 
communicated to us by the respectable Bro.\ Lacorne, Deputy of our 
Thrice Illustrious Grand Master, Knight and Prince-Mason, was read 
while we were in session, representing that our very dear Bro.'. Etienne 
Morin, Grand Elect, Perfect and Sublime Ancient Master, Knight and 
Sublime Prince of all the Orders of the Sublime Masonry of Perfection, 
Member of the Royal Lodge de la Trinite, etc., being about to sail for 
America, and desiring to be able to work under legal authority for the ad- 
vancement and increase of the Royal Art in all its perfection, prays that it 
will please the Grand Council and Grand Lodge to grant him letters-patent 
for the giving Charters of Constitution. 

"Upon the report that has been made us therein, and we knowing the 
eminent qualities of the very dear Bro. - . Etienne Morin, we have unhesi- 
tatingly granted him this slight satisfaction for the services that he has al- 
ways done to the Order, and whereof his zeal guarantees to us the contin- 
uance. 

" For these causes, and for other good and sufficient reasons, applauding 
and encouraging the very dear Bro.'. Etienne Morin in his designs, and 
wishing to give him testimonials of our gratirude, we have, by unanimous 
consent, constituted and instituted him, and do by these presents constitute 
and institute him. and do give to the Brother Etienne Morin, whose signa- 
ture is on the margin of these presents, full and entire power to form and 
establish a lodge, for the purpose therein of receiving candidates, and ex- 
tending the Royal Order of Freemasons in all the perfect and sublime de- 
grees ; to take care that the statutes and general regulations of the Grand 
and Sovereign Lodge in particular, be kept and observed ; and never to 
admit therein any but the true and legitimate brethren of Sublime Masonry; 

" To regulate and govern all the members who shall compose the said 
Lodge which he may establish in the four quarters of the globe, where he 
shall arrive or may remain, under the title of' Lodge of St. John,' surnanr. 
ed ' Perfect Harmony ;' giving him power to select such officers to aid 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 173 

him in governing his lodge, as he shall think proper, whom we command and 
enjoin to obey and respect him. We order and command all masters of 
regular lodges, of whatever rank they may be, spread over the surface of 
the earth and sea, we pray them and enjoin upon them, in the name of the 
Royal Order, and in presence of our Th.\ 111.'. Grand Master, to recognize 
as we do, our very dear Brother Etienne Morin, in his character of our Gr/. 
Inspector, in all parts of the New World, appointed to enforce the observ- 
ance of our laws, and as Resp/. Master of the Lodge la Parfaite Harmo- 
nic ; and we do by these presents constitute our very dear Brother Etienne 
Morin, our Grand Master Inspector, and do authorize and empower him 
to establish in every part of the world the Perfect and Sublime Masonry, 
etc., etc., etc. 

" Consequently, we pray all our brethren in general to give to our said 
Brother, Etienne Morin, such aid and assistance as shall be in their power; 
requiring them to do likewise towards all the brethren who shall be mem- 
bers of his Lodge, and towards those whom he has admitted and constituted, 
and shall hereafter admit and constitute in the Sublime Degrees of High 
Perfection, whom we give him full and entire power to multiply, and to 
create Inspectors in all places where the Sublime Degrees are not establish- 
ed ; well knowing his great knowledge and capacity. 

"In testimony whereof, we have delivered to him these presents, signed 
by the Deputy-General of the Order, Grand Commander of the White 
and Black Eagle, Sovereign Sublime Prince of the Royal Secret, and by us 
Grand Inspectors, Sublime officers of the Grand Council and Grand Lodge 
established in this capital; and we have sealed them with the great seal of 
our 111.'. Grand Master, His Most Serene Highness, and with that of our 
Grand Lodge and Sovereign Grand Council. At the Grand Orient of 
Paris, the year of The Light, 5761, and, according to the vulgar Era, the 
27th August, 1 761. 

''Signed: Chaillon de Joinville, Deputy-General of the Order, Ven/. 
Master of the first Lodge in France, called St. Antoine, Chief of the Emi- 
nent Degrees, Commander and Sublime Prince of the Royal Secret, etc., 
etc., etc. . . . The Bro.\ Prince De Rohan, Master of the Grand Lodge 
V Intelligence, Sovereign Prince of Masons, etc., etc., etc. . . . Lacorne, 
Deputy of the Grand Master, Resp/. Master of the Lodge de la Trinite, 
Grand Elect Perfect Knight, Sublime Prince Mason, etc., etc., etc. . . . 
Maximilien de St. Simeon, Sen.*. Warden, Grv El/, Perf/. K.t/. and Pr.\ 



174 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

Mason, etc. . . . Savalette de Bukoly, Grand Keeper of the Seals, Grand 
Elect Perfect Knight and Prince Mason, etc. . . . Taupin, Grand Am- 
bassador of His Highness, Grand Elect Perfect Master, Knight, Prince 
Mason, etc. . . . The Count de Choiseul, Ven.\ Master of the Lodge 
des Enfans de la Gloire, Grand Elect Perfect Master, Knight and Prince 
Mason, etc. . . . Boucher de Lenoncourt, Ven.\ Master of the Lodge 
de la Vertu, Grand Elect Perfect Master, Kt.\ Pr.\ Mason, etc. . . . 
Brest de la Chaussee, Ven.\ Master of the Lodge de V Exactitude, Grand 
Elect Perfect Master, Kt.\ and Pr.\ Mason. By order of the Grand 
Lodge also signed, Daubantin, Gw. El.*. Perf.'. Mason, Kt.\ Pr.\ Mason, 
Ven.\ of the Lodge Saint Alphonse, Gr.\ Secretary of the Gr.\ Lodge 
and Sublime Council of the Princes Masons in France." 

We translate from a copy in the Register of 111.*. Bro.*. Jean Baptiste 
Marie Delahogue, Deputy Grand Inspector-General, written throughout 
with his own hand, in 1798 and 1799, and remaining in the archives of the 
Supreme Council at Charleston, certified throughout by himself and the 
111.*. Bro. - . Count Alexandre Francj as Auguste de Grasse-Tilly, and au- 
thenticated by the seal of the Sublime Grand Council of Princes of the Royal 
Secret at Charleston. This copy, certified by the Brother Delahogue to 
be copied by him from the Register of the Bro.*. Hyman Isaac Long, 
is the oldest extant of which we have any knowledge; and, as may be seen, 
it agrees substantially with that given by Ragon.* 

Every one can determine for himself from whom this patent emanated. 

The Grand Lodge of France, as originally constituted, was strictly a 
Symbolic Grand Lodge, and its constitutions were like those of Anderson, 
except that they contained an article (the last), which forbade any supe- 
riority being admitted in the " Scottish Masters •" of which a writer in La 
Franc Magonnerie, in 1744, complained, averring that most of the Masters 
and Wardens did not know that Masonry consisted of seven degrees.j 1 
And it is positively asserted by-Vidal Fezandie, Gavel and others, that the 
Grand Lodge of France never did know any other than the symbolic 
degrees. J 

The patent to 111.*. Bro.'. Morin, on its face, emanated from the Depu- 

* Ragon, Orthod. Mac. 132. 

\ Freemason's Quarterly Mag., 1853, p. 6oo, quoted from Kloss, 
% Vidal-Fezandie, Essais Hist. 152. Clavel, Revue Historique, etc., de la 
Franc Maconnerie, 20. 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 1 75 

ties-General of the Grand Master, the " Grand Sovereign Lodge of St. John 
of Jerusalem," through its Wardens and Officers ; and the " Grand Council 
of the Regular Lodges under the protection of the Grand and Sovereign 
Lodge," by its Perfect Grand Masters. 

Now, we still have remaining " the statutes agreed by the Honorable 
Lodge of St. John of Jerusalem, of the Orient of Paris, governed by the 
Very High and Very Mighty Lord Louis de Bourbon, Count de Clermont, 
Prince of the Blood, Grand Master of all the regular Lodges of France, to 
serve as rules for all those of the kingdom." Articles xxiii and xlii provid- 
ed for the supremacy of the Scottish Degrees; the former securing to those 
who possessed them the right of sitting covered in lodge ; and the latter 
appointing them "Superintendents and Inspectors of the Work ;" " for," 
says the latter, " they alone are permitted to censure any errors in the work. 
They have the right of speaking at any time, and of being always armed 
and covered ; and if they fall into error, can be reprimanded by Scottish 
Masons only." These regulations were sealed with the mysterious seal of 
the Scottish lodge or grade, in red wax, with golden and azure threads. 
Kloss (vol. i., p. 83) thinks that they show that "the Grand Lodge of 
France " did recognize the Scottish degrees, although it had shortly before 
assigned to the sixty Masters and Wardens, as a reason for making new 
regulations, the necessity of avoiding these degrees.* 

It is to be noticed, in connection with this, that there is some confusion 
of dates. All the writers give the year 1 762 as the date of the revocation by 
the Grand Master, Count de Clermont, of the powers of Lacorne, and the 
appointment of Chaillon de Joinville (or de Jonville) as his General Dep- 
uty ; and they all say that the revocation of the powers of one was con- 
temporaneous with the appointment of the other; but, according to the 
patent of Morin, de Joinville was Deputy-General, and Lacorne Deputy 
also, of the Grand Master, in August, 1761, and they were acting in con- 
cert. The writers say also that in 1762, on the 24th of June, after de 
Joinville was appointed, negotiations were set on foot, and the old Grand 
Lodge and that of Lacorne were united, and new regulations made.f 

* Freemason's Quarterly Mag , 1853, pp. 606-609. 

f Thory, 1 Acta Lat. 79. Boub>'e, Etudes sur la F. Maconnerie, 101. Le- 
vesque, 57. Rebold, 164. Besuchet, Precis Hist, par J. C. B., vol. i, pp. 41, 
42. Ragon, Orthod. Mac. 50, 



176 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

The most probable solution of the matter is, that the patent to M:>rin 
was issued in 1762, or that de Joinville was appointed, and the two Grand 
Lodges united, in 1 76 1 ; at any rate, that the patent was granted after this 
union. If it had been granted before, while Lacorne was going on with 
his new Grand Lodge, and after his powers were revoked, how could de Join- 
ville have united with him in granting the patent, and recognized him as 
Deputy of the Grand Master ? And the regulations cited by Kloss, were 
either those of the Lacorne Grand Lodge, or of the united Grand Lodge; 
and in all probability the recognition of the superiority of the Scottish de- 
grees was one condition of the Union ; for Chaillon de Joinville himself 
claims in the patent the rank of " Sublime Prince of the Royal Secret ;" 
and he does not entitle himself " Grand Inspector," as those below him in 
rank do. 

The authority to Morin was, it seems, a joint authority, given by both 
bodies and the Deputies-General of the Grand Master; the Grand Lodge 
giving him power to establish a symbolic lodge, and making him a kind of Dep- 
uty Grand Master for America, and the Grand Council giving him power 
to confer the higher degrees, and the rank of Inspector over all bodies of 
those degrees, with power of substitution. 

On the 2 1st of September, 1762, it is said, nine commissioners from the 
Council of Emperors of East and West of Paris, and from the Council of 
Princes of the Royal Secret at Bordeaux, met at the latter place, and set- 
tled the Regulations of the Masonry of Perfection in thirty-five articles. 

Wherever and whenever made, the testimony of all the writers is unani- 
mous, that these Constitutions became as early as 1762, the law of the Rite 
of Perfection.* That Brother Morin accepted them as such, is clear; 
because he either carried them with him to America, or received them 
soon after his arrival there, and furnished them to the Deputy Inspectors 
whom he appointed. In what year he went to America we do not know; 
but it was not long after 1 761 ; for in 1769, he was in Kingston, Jamaica. 
In two old rituals of the twenty-fourth degree (fCadosh), in our possession, 

* Ragon, Orthod. Ma§. 294. Chemin Dupontes, Cours Pratique de la Franc 
Ma$onnerie, 213. Vidal-Fezandie, Essai Hist. 167. Count Muraire, de Inde- 
pendence des Rites Maconniques, 3. Discourse before the Sov.\ Chap.*. 
Eeoss.-. du Pere de Famille, at Angers, 1. Hermes, 296. Kauffmann & 
Cherpin, Hist. Phil. 452. L'Univers. Ma?. 119. 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 177 

is the following note: "The Grand Inspector, Stephen Morin, founder 
of the Lodge of Perfection, in a Consistory of Princes of the Royal Secret, 
held at Kingston, Jamaica, in January of the Masonic Year, 5769, informed 
the Princes Masons that latterly there had been some excitement at 
Paris, and investigations had been made there, to learn whether the Masons 
styled ' Kadosch,' were not in reality the Knights Templar; and that it had 
in consequence been determined, in the Grand Chapter of Communication 
of Berlin and Paris, that the degree should for the future be styled ' Knights 
of the White and Black Eagle,' and that the jewel should be a 'Black 
Eagle.' " That degree is so styled in the Regulations of 1762. 

Before tracing the progress of this Rite in America, let us briefly refer 
.to certain important events that occurred in France prior to the year 1801. 

Lacorne, the unworthy Deputy of the Grand Master Comte de Cler- 
mont, established, as we have seen, in or about 1761, a separate Grand 
Lodge of his own. 

In 1762, the powers of Lacorne were revoked, and the Bro.\ Chaillon 
de Joinville was appointed Deputy or Substitute General. 

The parties forming the two Grand Lodges then entered into negotia- 
tions, and effected a temporary reconciliation; and on the 24th of June, 
1762, the two Grand Lodges were united in one, regulations were drawn up 
for the administration of all the Lodges of France, and Masonic Constitu- 
tions granted under its authority, to give union and regularity to the work.* 

The reconcilation between the two Grand Lodges was not sincere ; the 
members of the old Grand Lodge, forced to admit the low men who were 
of the party of Lacorne to sit among them, did so with reluctance, and de- 
termined to get rid of them. At the election of officers on the 2d of June, 
1765, not one of that faction was elected. Enraged at. that, they did not 
appear at the feast of the Order, on the 24th of June, but withdrew from 
the Grand Lodge, and published defamatory libels against it, protesting 
against the recent elections. j- x 

On the 5th of April, 1766, the Grand Lodge expelled the authors of 
these libels, and renewed the decree of expulsion on the 14th of May. J. 

* Thory, 1 Acta Lat. 79. Boubee, 101. Rebold, 164. Levesque, 57. Be- 
suchet, 1. Precis Hist. 41, 42. Ragon, Orthod. Mac. 50. 
f Thory, 1. Acta Lat. 86. Levesque, 59. Boubee, 101. 
£ Levesque, 59. Boubee, 101. 1 Thory, Acta Lat. 87. 



178 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

On the 14th of August of that year, troubled on every side by the pre- 
tensions of the councils, chapters and colleges of the high degrees that were 
constituting Lodges in Paris and throughout France, distributing circulars 
and embarrassing the Grand Lodge, it issued a decree suppressing all their 
Constitutions, and interdicting the Lodges from regarding or recognizing 
them, under pain of being declared irregular and erased from the rolls. 
This decree created new divisions in the French Lodges. The Councils 
of the high degrees persisted, and continued to send out circulars and 
instructions.* 

On the 2d of October, it was moved in the Grand Lodge to repeal the 
decree of 14th August against the Councils and Chapters of the high 
degrees. It was moved to divide the Grand Lodge into three chambers ; 
one to take cognizance of the symbolic degrees ; the second, to take that 
of the high degrees as far as the Ecossais ; and the third, that of the still 
higher degrees. The motion did not prevail. f 

At the feast of the Order, on the 24th of June, 1767, the brethren, di- 
vided into two hostile factions, met face to face; on each side were heard 
expressions of ill-will ; the quarrel grew serious, and the dispute more bitter, 
until they came to blows. The scandal thus caused was so great, that the 
government was constrained as a measure of prudence, to intervene, in order 
to end the strife and prevent the recurrence of scenes so disgraceful ; and 
on the next day, the Minister ordered all Masonic labors to cease. J 

The Grand Lodge met no more until 1 77 1 ; but the Lacorne faction 
continued to meet and work, and to use the title of "Grand Lodge of 
France."§ In the beginning of 1768, they applied to the Grand Lodge of 
England for a regular correspondence with it, and received from it a book 
of Constitutions, etc. jj In 1769 they were granting charters as a Gr.\ Lodge.^[ 



* Thory, 1 Acta Lat. 87. Levesque, 59. Boubee, 101. 

f Thory, 1 Acta Lat. 88. Clavel, Hist. Pitt, 227. 

% Thory, 1 Acta Lat. 90. Vidal-Fezandie, Essai, 151. Ragon,Orthod. Mag. 
51-54. Clavel, Hist. Pitt. 227-229. L'Arche Sainte, 46. Besuchet, 1 Precis 
Hist. 43, 44. 

§ Thory, 1 Acta Lat. 90. Hist, de la Fond, du G.\ O.*. de France, 23. Clavel, 
Hist. Pitt. 229. 
• || Preston, Illustr. ed. of 1785, p. 292. Thory, 1 Acta Lat. 92. 

1 Levesque, 62. a Thory, Acta Lat. 95. Besuchet, 1 Precis Hist. 45. Cla- 
vel, Hist. Pitt. 229. 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 1 79 

In 177 1 5 the Comte de Clermont died, and the faction Lacorne offered 
the Grand Mastership, through the Duke de Luxembourg, to the Duke 
de Chartres, afterwards Duke of Orleans and Philippe Egalite.* 

On the 21st or 24th of June, 1771, the old Grand Lodge resumed its 
labors. The factionists appeared among them, fortified with the acceptance 
of the Grand Mastership by the Duke de Chartres, who had appointed the 
Duke de Luxembourg his Deputy. This they refused to transfer, except 
on condition that the decree against them should be repealed, and every- 
thing done in their absence from the Grand Lodge revised. The Grand 
Lodge acceded to their demands, repealed the decree of expulsion, and 
elected the Duke de Chartres Grand Master. Then those who had 
been expelled recriminated anew, charging on the Grand Lodge embezzle- 
ment and extortion ; and on their demand a committee of eight members 
was appointed to report a plan for remedying the evils that afflicted French 
Freemasonry.f 

The act of acceptance of the Grand Mastership, by the Duke de Char- 
tres, throws so much light on the connection between the Grand Lodge of 
France and the Council of Emperors of the East and West, that we subjoin 
it entire. 

"In the year of the Great Light, 1772, on the 3d day of the month Ijar, 
or the 5th day of the second month of the Masonic year 5772, and of 
the birth of the Messiah the 5th day of April, 1772, by virtue of the procla- 
mation made in open Grand Lodge on the 24th day of the 4th March of the 
Masonic year 5771, of the Most High, Most Mighty and Most Excellent 
Prince, His Most Serene Highness, Louis Philippe Joseph d' Orleans, Due 
de Chartres and Prince of the Blood, to be Grand Master of all the regu- 
lar lodges of France ; and the like proclamation by the Sovereign Council 
of Emperors of the East and West, Sublime Scottish Mother-Lodge, 
on the 26th day of the month Elul, 5771 (of the same prince), to be Sov- 
ereign Grand Master of all the Scottish Councils, Chapters and Lodges of 
the Grand Globe of France; offices which his Most Serene Highness has 
been pleased to accept, for his love of the Royal Art, and to unite all Ma- 



* Thory, Acta Lat. 97. Boubee, 101. 

f Levesque, 63, 64. Thory, 1 Acta Lat. 98. Boubee, 101. L'Arche Sainte, 
46. Bescuchet, 1 Precis Hist. 45, 46, 47. Ragon, Orthod. Mac, 56-64. Clavel 
Hist. Pitt. 230. 



180 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

sonic laborers under a single authority. In faith whereof, his Most Serene 
Highness has signed the present instrument of acceptance. 

Signed, Louis-Philippe-Joseph d'Orleans."* 

This letter of acceptance was followed by another, not less important, 
which we also give : — 

" We, Anne-Charles-Sigismond de Montmorency-Luxembourg, Due de 
Luxembourg and de Chatillon-Sur-Loire, Peer and First Christian Baron 
of France, Brigadier of the Armies of the King, etc. 

" Invested by his late Most Serene Highness, the Th.\ Resp.'. and Th.\ 
111.'. Bro.\ Count de Clermont, Gr.\ Master of all the regular lodges of 
France, with the whole plenitude of his power, not only to rule and ad- 
minister the whole Order, but for a still more brilliant office, that of initiat- 
ing into our mysteries the Th.'. Resp.'. and Th.\ 111.'. Bro.'. Louis-Philippe 
d'Orleans, Due de Chartres, afterwards called, by the will of the whole 
body of Masons, to the supreme government: 

" Do certify that we have, in our capacity of Administrator-General, re- 
ceived the written acceptance of the Prince; wherefore we do command 
the Grand Lodge of France, that it communicate the same to all regular 
lodges, that they may share in this great event, and unite with us in what- 
ever may be for the glory and good of the Order. 

" Given at our Orient, a. m. 5772, and of the vulgar era, 1st May, 1772, 
sealed with our arms, and countersigned by one of our secretaries. 

Signed, Montmorenci-Luxembourg. 
" Par Monseigneur : 

'• Signed, d'Atessen."! 

The Grand Lodge was disquieted at the acceptance by the Grand 
Administrator-General of the Order, of the Presidency of the Council of 
Emperors of the East and West; and to tranquiliz,e it, he made the 
following declaration : 

" The Most Respectable Grand Lodge of France, having made known 
to us its disquiet at our acceptance of the Presidency of certain bodies, we 
hasten to quiet its apprehensions by this present declaration : — 

"For which causes, and in view of the resolution of the Most Respecta- 

* Moreau, Precis, 147. | Besuchet, 1 Precis Hist. 47. 



mo 

r- 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. l8l 

ble and Sov.\ Gr.\ Lodge, on the 29th of August last, and having heard 
the Ven.\ Brethren, its commissioners and delegates, in regard to the 
tives for that resolution ; and desiring to quiet the apprehensions ente 
tained by the said Most Resp.'. and Sov.\ Grand Lodge on the score of 
the inconveniences which it apprehends may result from the acceptance by 
us, heretofore or hereafter, of the presidency of any Masonic bodies, other 
than the Most Resp.*. and Sov.\ Gr.\ Lodge. 

"We do declare that we do not recognize, nor do we mean to recog- 
nize any body whatever, as independent of the Most Resp.*. and Sov.\ 
Gr.\ Lodge, with which is now united the sublime body of Emperors of 
the East and West, Sublime Mother-Lodge Ecossaise, the two forming but 
one and the same body, and uniting in itself the plenitude of the Masonic 
knowledge and legislative power of the Order. 

" We moreover declare, that in accepting the aforesaid presidencies, 
we did not intend to confer upon, or recognize in, these particular bodies, 
any kind of jurisdiction, pre-eminence or even concurrence with the said 
most Resp.*. and Sov.\ Grand Lodge, to give them the right to pass any 
legislative act, or to validate any such act that they may have enacted. 

" Given at our Orient, under the mysterious seal of our arms, and the 

countersign of one of our secretaries ; vulgar style, the 4th September, 

1772. 

" Signed, Montmorenci-Luxembourg. 

"Par Monseigneur : 

" Signed, d'Atessen."* 

In explanation of this, Clavel informs us f that, on the 24th of June, 
1 77 1, in Grand Lodge, the presidents of the several chapters of the high 
degrees, which the Grand Lodge had denounced, and who had united with 
the Lacorne faction, demanded to be recognized, offering to make the Due 
de Chartres Grand Master General of the high degrees, so that there 
should thenceforward be but one chief for the whole of French Masonry. 
The Duke of Luxembourg, who presided, supported this claim; and the 
assembly, influenced by him, decreed the recognition of the dissident bodies, 
and proclaimed the Due de Chartres, Sov.\ Gr.\ Master of all the Scottish 
Councils, Chapters and Lodges of France. 

The members of the committee appointed by the Grand Lodge came to 

* Besuchet, 1 Precis Hist. 50. f Hist. Pitt. 230. Thory, Fond, du G.\ 0.\ 25. 
12 



1 82 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

an understanding with the Lacornists, put the Duke of Luxembourg at their 
head, invited many Masters and deputies of Lodges to join them, held meet- 
ings, and entertained and discussed a project for a new organization. Some 
protested against the irregularity of all this, and were expelled from their 
meetings; and on the 24th of December, 1772, having arranged the de- 
tails of the new organization, they issued a manifesto declaring the Grand 
Lodge of France dissolved, and replaced by a new national Grand Lodge, 
under the title of the " Grand Orient of France." They recognized the 
Due de Chartres as Grand Master, and the Duke de Luxembourg as Ad- 
ministrator-General ; drew up new statutes, remedied many existing abuses, 
and especially annulled the life-tenures of Masters of Lodges, making them 
elective for a limited term.* 

Ragon says that the Grand Lodge with which the Sovereign Council 
was united in 1772, was the Lacorne faction. j- 



Besides the printed authorities, we shall now have occasion to refer to 
certain MSS., registers, and other documents, remaining among the archives 
of the Supreme Council of Sov.\ Inspectors-General of the thirty-third de- 
gree at Charleston, and of the Grand Lodge of Louisiana. We append a 
brief description of the principal of them. 

There are at Charleston four books, in MSS. 

One is the register of the 111.*. Bro.\ Jean Baptiste Marie Delahogue, 
Deputy Grand Inspector-General, in his own handwriting throughout, and 
certified throughout by himself and the 111.*. Bro.\ Count Alexandre 
Francois Auguste de Grasse-Tilly, manibus propriis. It was made out 
in 1798 and 1799. 

The second is a register made out by the 111.*. Bro.\ Jean Baptiste 
Aveilhe, Deputy Gr.\ lnsp.\ Gen.'., for the \\\\ Bro.\ Pierre Dupont 
Delorme, Deputy Gr.\ Insp.\ Gen.'., at Port au Prince, Island of Santo 
Domingo, in December, 1797. 

* Besuchet, ub. sup. et. seq. Ragon, Orthod. Mac. 56-64. Clavel, Hist. 
Pitt. 230. Thory, 1 Acta Lat. 102. Levesque, 64, 65. L'Arche Sainte, 46. 
Boubee, 102, 103. Rebold, Hist. Gen. 164, 165. Vidal-Fezandie, Essai, 156. 
The Baron de Marguerittes, on the trial of the Bro.'. de Grasse-Tilly, in 1818, 
pamph. 54. L'Encyc. Mac. vol. iii. pp. 273-284. Thory, Fond, du G.\ O.'. 33, 

\ Ragon, Orthod. Mac. 126. 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 183 

The third is a Register of one hundred pages, some of the Documents 
wherein are certified by the III.*. Bro. '. Count de Grasse, some by the III.*. 
Bio.*. Pierre Dupont Delorme, and some by the 111.'. Bro.*. John Mitchell, 
and which appears to have belonged to the 111.". Bro.*. Moses Holbrook. 

And the fourth is the Cahier of a degree of" Grand Commander of the 
Temple," followed by copies of patents of the degree granted to different 
brethren from the 21st of December, 1798, to the 22d of July, 1808, 
most of them certified by the 111.*. Bro.'. Louis Claude Henri de Montmain. 

And the principal MSS. in the archives of the M.\ W.\ Grand Lodge 
of the State of Louisiana, is the Register made out by the 111.'. Bro.'. An- 
toine Bideaud, Sov.*. Gr.\ Insp.*. Gen.*., at Santiago de Cuba, in January, 
1806, for the 111.'. Bro.'. Jean Baptiste Villadieu, Sov.\ Prince of all the 
Masonic Orders, containing copies of documents dated at Cap Franc/ais in 
July, August and September, 1802, issued by the 111.*. Bro.*. Count de 
Grasse, as Sov.*. Gr.'. Insp.*. General, and by the Supreme Council estab- 
lished by him at that place for the Windward and Leeward French islands. 

The rank and office of Deputy Grand Inspector assumed gradually more 
and more importance, in the estimation of its possessors, in a country so re- 
mote from the governing power as America then was, and where necessarily 
so much latitude was left to discretion. We find them after a time calling 
themselves " Deputy Grand Inspectors General," and treating that official 
rank as a degree. Immediately following the copy of the Regulations of 
1762, in the Recueil des Actes du Supreme Conseil de France, are In- 
stitutes in ten articles ; Statides in eighteen • General Regulations in 
twenty-six, and a collection of Instructions in many articles, under differ- 
ent heads, '' extracted from the collections of constitutional Balusters," and 
all of unknown origin and date ; the £ ' General Regulations " being simply 
dated the 25th day of the 2d month, Ijar, of the year of the world, 5732, 
and signed " Adington, Grand Chancellor ;" and the " Instructions," the 
last of all., dating in the caption of the copy "at the 0.\ of the world, un- 
der the C*. C.\, etc., 17° 58', south, under the sign of Capricorn, the 
9th day of the second month, named Ijar, 5081 ; by order of the Grand 
Sovereign Consistory of the Metropolitan Princes of Heredom, to be trans- 
mitted to the Grand Deputy of the Grand Consistory established at 18 47'' 
N.\ Lat.'.;" and signed " Adington, Chancellor ;" and at the end signed 
"Adington, Grand Chancellor." 

17 58' is the latitude of Kingston, in the Island of Jamaica, and 18 47' 



1 84 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

is that of Jeremie, in the Island of Santo Domingo. The Grand Sovereign 
Consistory at Kingston, as will be seen, claimed, and was admitted to have 
Supremacy over that at Charleston ; and Jeremie, as we know by authen- 
tic records in our possession, was the chief seat of the Scottish Masonry in 
the Island of Haiti or Santo Domingo. 

The ist article of these Institutes declares that : " The Grand Inspectors- 
General of the Order, and Presidents of the Sublime Councils of the 
Princes of the High Masonry, duly recognized and patented, have the im- 
prescriptible title of Chiefs of the High Masonry." Article 2d declares 
that the Governing Body is called " The Grand Consistory;'' and Article 
3d, that Grand Inspectors-General and Presidents of the Grand Councils 
of the Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret, are members of right [nes] of 
the Grand Consistory ; and the first article of the " Instructions," which 
are probably the latest, provides that in any country where there is no 
Grand Consistory or Grand Council of Princes of the Royal Secret, 
the oldest Grand Inspector-General, or if there be none, the oldest 
Prince of the Royal Secret is invested with the administrative and 
dogmatic power, and consequently the title of " Sovereign/' Other pro- 
visions are, that he may initiate, and grant patents with no other formality 
than the counter-signature of his Grand Chancellor ; that in cases not pro- 
vided for, his decisions have the force of law, and are final in his jurisdic- 
tion ; that other Inspectors-General and Princes must report to the " Sov- 
ereign ; " that a Supreme Council of Gr.\ Insp.\-Gen.\, or Gr.\ Council 
of Appeal and Legislation be established, etc. 

The Inspectors-General had thus, prior to 1801, assumed in the new 
world to be superior to ordinary Princes of the Royal Secret ; and the 
chief, oldest, or only Inspector in a country had assumed to himself the 
title of" Sovereign Grand Inspector-General," and an authority over other 
Inspectors, though still continuing subordinate to the Grand Consistory. 
It required but little more to make their office a new degree, and to invest 
them with a superior and permanent governing power. 

We are not in possession of all the successive deputizations, or their 
dates, by which the powers of Stephen Morin were transferred, and succes- 
sive Deputy Inspectors created. But there is a record* of the filiation of 

* Register of Delahogue, MSS., Charleston. Reading from the Livre cTOr 
of the Bro.\ de Grasse, by the Baron de Marguerittes, on the trial of De 
Grasse, pamph., p. 69. 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 1 85 

his powers. We learn from it that " Stephen Morin, Inspector-General of 
all the Lodges, Chapters, Councils and Grand Councils, etc., etc., etc., in 
all parts of the new world, gave the degree of Grand Deputy Inspector- 
General, etc., etc., etc , to the Brother Francken, at Jamaica;, at what date 
we do not find : 

That the Bro.\ Francken communicated it to the Bro.\ Moses M. 
Hayes, at Boston ; at what date we do not find : 

That the Bro.\ Hayes communicated it to Bro.\ Barend M. Spitzer, at 
Charleston. [But the Bro.\ Spitzer, in the patent of Deputy Inspector- 
General, granted by him 2d of April, 1795, to the Bro.\ John Mitchell, 
states that he does so by authority of a Convention of Inspectors, convened 
in Philadelphia on the 25th day of June, 1781].* 

That all the Deputy Grand Inspectors, met in Sublime Council at the 
O.*. of Philadelphia, conferred it on the Bro.\ Moses Cohen. [But the 
Bro.\ Moses Cohen, in his patent of Dep.\ Gr.\ Insp.\ to Bro.\ Hyman 
Isaac Long, himself claims by patent from Bro.\ Barend M. Spitzer, Depu- 
ty Grand Inspector, given at Charleston, on the 12th of January, 1 794]. f 

That the Bro.\ Moses Cohen communicated it to the Bro.\ Hyman 
Isaac Long. [The copy of his patent is dated at the Orient of a Council 
of Princes of the Royal Secret, N. Lat. 17°42 / , the 11th day of the nth 
month, called Thebat, of the Restoration, 5554, and of the Vulgar Era, 
11th January, 1794, which is an evident error of the copyist, for 1 795 .] J 

On the 12th of November, 1796, the Bro.\ Hyman Isaac Long, " Dep- 
uty Grand Inspector-General and Prince Mason," granted his several let- 
ters-patent of that date to " Alexander Franyois Auguste de Grasse-Tilly, 
of Versailles, in France, Ancient Captain of Cavalry, and an Engineer in 
the service of the United States of America;" " to Jean Baptiste Marie 
Delahogue, of Paris in France, Councillor in the Supreme Court of 
Cap Frangais;" Pierre Croze Magnan, Dominique Saint Paul, Alexis 
Claude Robin, Remy Victor Petit, and Jean Abraham Marie, creating each 
of them " Patriarch Noachite ana Sovereign Knight of the Sun and II. S., 
Deputy Grand inspectors-General, etc., etc., etc." We have one copy in 
blank of all, and several copies in full of those to de Grasse and Dela- 

* Register of Moses Holbrook, MSS. at Charleston. 

\ Register of Brother Holbrook, at Charleston, MSS., p. 9. 

% Register of Aveilhe pp. 8, 9, MSS, at Charleston. 



1 86 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

hogue* The patent of each, it appears, was authenticated by the signatures 
of al the others, as well as by that of the Bro.\ Long; and there are also 
other names on the patents of Delahogue and De Grasse, viz.: P.G JV. 
Toutain, Dep.-. Insp.\ Gen.*., 31. P. de Remoussin, Dep.\ Insp.\, 
Dupuy, Dep.\ Insp.\, R. Allemand, Dep.\ Insp.\, M ' IFronty, Dep.\ 
Insp.\, and Jean Baptiste Grochan, Dep.*. Insp.'. Gen.". ; and on that of 
Be Grasse, also, Grand Dep.*. Insp.*. Gen.-., A. Placide, Jean Javain ; 
and on that of Delahogue, besides the names on both, those of P. Rigaud, 
Dep.*. Insp.-. Gen.*., T. B. T. Maureau, Dep.\ Insp.*. Gen.-.f 

And each [of those of De Grasse and Delahogue'] is endorsed, rec- 
ognized, confirmed and approved by the Grand Sublime Council of 
Princes of the Royal Secret, etc., etc., etc., at the Orient of Kingston, in 
the island of Jamaica, at its session of the ioth day of the 6th month, 7797, 
according to advices received from it by the Grand Sublime Council at the 
Orient of Charleston, South Carolina, and deposited in the archives the 7th 
day of the month called Tammuz, 5558, the 21st June, 1798, of the Vul- 
gar Era. This is dated "Charleston, 16th February, 1802,'' and signed 
"Alex. F'ois. Auguste de Grasse, Minister of State, Gr.\ Dep.-. Insp.*. 
Gen. - , and P.*. M.\, etc.," and certified as a true copy of the original by 
"J. B. M. Delahogue, Dep.-. Insp.-. Gen.-., P.-. M/."J 

On the same day (12th November, 1796) the Bro.\ Long, as Deputy 
Grand Inspector-General, acting for the Princes of Masonry at Kingston, 
granted his patent to the Bro.\ Delahogue, authorizing and empowering 
him, assisted by the Bros.*. De Grasse, Mugnan, Saint Paul, Petit, Robin, 
and Marie, to establish *'a Lodge of H. S.,"at Charleston, South Carolina. "§ 

Under this patent, the brethren named in it established " a Grand Sublime 
Council of the Princes of the Royal Secret," at Charleston, on the 13th day 
of the eleventh month of the Masonic year, 7796, that is, the 13th of Jan- 
uary, 1797, which was approved and confirmed by the Grand Council of 
Sub.*. Princes of the R.\ S.\ at Kingston, Jamaica, on the 10th of August, 

1797.II 

On the 2d of April, 1795, as we have mentioned, the Bro.\ Barend 
Moses Spitzer granted to Bro.\ John Mitchell, Esquire, native of Ireland, 

* Register of Delahogue, MSS. Register of Brother Holbrook, MSS. 
f Register of Bro.\ Holbrook. 

X Register of Bro.\ Delahogue. § Register of Bro.\ Delahogue. 

I Register of Bro.\ Holbrook 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 1 87 

and late Deputy Quarter Master-General in the armies of the United 
States of America, Justice of the Quorum, and Notary Public in South 
Carolina," a patent, raising him to " the degree of K. H. and further, to the 
highest degrees in Masonry," and creating him Deputy Inspector-General.* 

The Count Alexander Francois Auguste de Grasse-Tilly (son of the 
Count de Grasse who commanded the French fleet in the West Indies and 
on the coast of the United States, in the latter part of the war of the 
American Revolution), was a native of Versailles, in France, and born 
about the year 1766, and made a Mason in the Resp.\ Scottish Mother- 
Lodge du Contrat Social, at the 0.*. of Paris. f In 1796, he was a mem- 
ber of the Lodge la Candeur, No. 12, at Charleston. J On the 12th of 
November, 1796, he was in that city, and, as we have seen, there received 
his patent as Knight Kadosh, and Deputy Grand Inspector-General. On 
the 21st of Dec, 1798, at Charleston, he received from the Bro.\ Louis 
Claude Henri de Montmain the degree and patent of '■' Grand Commander 
of the Temple Mason. "§ 

On the 10th of August, 1 799, he was one of the founders of the Lodge la 
Reunion Francaise, at Charleston, which was on that day installed, under 
a charter from " the Grand Mother-Lodge of Ancient York Masons of the 
State of South Carolina."! He was at some time Master of that Lodge. ^[ 

Jean Baptiste Marie Delahogue, (rather-in-law of the Comte de Grasse,) 
native of France, received a Mason in the Lodge la Constance, at Paris,** 
is described in a certificate granted by the Lodge la Candeur at Charleston, 
on the 21st of December, 1796, to Bro.\ Isaac Hermand, signed by 
the Bro.\ Delahogue as Master, and by the Bros.*, de Grasse, P. Croze 
Magnan, Robin, St. Paul, and Lavelette, as "Master and Founder of the 
Lodge Saint Jean de la Candeur, at Charleston," by virtue of the powers 
granted to him by the Scottish and English Lodge de la Constance at Paris, 

* Register of Bro.'. Holbrook, p. 9. 

f Tableau for 1802 of the Lodge and Chapter des Sept Freres Reunis, at Cap. 
Francais. 

\ Certificate granted Bro.'. Isaac Hermand, by the Lodge la Candeur, 21st of 
Dec, 1796. 

§ Register of the Bro.'. De Montmain, MSS., Charleston, p. 12. 

|j Tableau for 1S04 ol the Lodge la Reunion Fran-ais, at Charleston. 

^[ Tableau for 1806 of same Lodge. 

** Tableau for 1804 of Lodge la Candeur, at Charleston. 



1 88 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

founded under the auspices ol Prince Charles Edward Stuart.* In 1801, 
he was borne on the tableau of that Lodge [La Candeur) as a retired 
member.| 

On the 1 2th of November, 1796, as we have seen, he received his pat- 
ent as Deputy Inspector-General. 

On the 24th of May, 1801, the Bro.\ John Mitchell, "K. H. P. R. S., 
Deputy Inspector-General," granted to " Frederick Dalcho, Esquire, late 
First Lieutenant in the First Regiment of Artillerists and Engineers, in the 
service of the United States of America, and Paymaster to the regular 
troops in the State of Georgia), Physician in the city of Charleston, South 
Carolina, and member of the Medical Society of said State," a patent, 
certifying him to be K. H. and Prince of the Royal Secret, and creating 
him Deputy Inspector-General. J 

In 1783, the " Sublime Grand Lodge of Perfection " of South Carolina 
was established at Charleston, by the Bro.\ Da Costa, Deputy Inspector, 
by patent from the Bro.\ Mose^ M. Hayes. § 

On the 13 th of June, 1796, its lodge-roorn, records, jewels, and furniture 
were destroyed by fire, and the labors of the Lodge were virtually suspended 
until July, 1 801. |[ 

On the 12th of May, 1788, the by-laws and regulations of the Grand 
Council of Princes of Jerusalem were ratified at Charleston.^ That body 
was established on the 20th of February, 1788, by the Bro.\ Joseph Myers, 
appointed Deputy Inspector for South Carolina, by the Bro.'. Hayes, Bar- 
end M. Spitzer, Deputy Inspector for Georgia, and Bro.'. Forst, Deputy 
Inspector for Virginia.** 

In October, 1799, the Bro.*. De Grasse was Deputy Sovereign Grand 
Commander of the u Grand Council and Sublime Orient" of Charleston, 
as appears by his attestation to copies of two decretals of " The Grand and 

* Original certificate on parchment, archives of Sup.". Council at Charleston. 

f Tableau for 1801 of Lodge la Candeur. 

% Register of Bro. - . Moses Holbrook. 

§ Annual Register for 1802 of Subl.\ Gr.\ Lodge of Perfection of South Car- 
olina Circular of Sup \ Council at Charleston, 4th of December, 1802. 

I By-laws of Subl/. Gr.\ Lodge of South Carolina, in Register of Bro/. Hol- 
brook. 

If Register of Bro. Holbrook. 

** Circular of Sup/. Council at Charleston, 4th of December, i8oz. 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 189 

Most Puissant Council of the Valiant Prince s and Sublime Masons of the Royal 
Secret," at Kingston, Jamaica, addressed to the Grand Council at Charles- 
ton — one on the 10th of August, 1797, and the other on the 26th of De- 
cember, 1 798. By them the Council at Kingston ratified the acts of the Bro.\ 
Long, as Deputy Inspector, and the creation of the Grand Council at 
Charleston ; but, they first strongly censured that body for some of its acts ; re- 
quired its sovereign and officers to take an oath that they would never there- 
after, under any pretext, make at Charleston any Grand Deputy Inspectors 
without the consent of the Sov.\ Sub.*. Council at Kingston, " under the penal- 
ty of being quashed and adjudged rebels and perjurers ; " and said u We 
liope to see proofs of its submission to the orders of our Sovereign Council 
and Sublime Orient of Kingston, and greater regularity in its work." The 
Council at Charleston submitted, and, by the second decretal, that at 
Kingston expressed itself highly satisfied with its truly Masonic course, and 
the regularity of its proceedings.* 

We have been able to learn nothing further in regard to the establish- 
ment of Scottish Masonry in South Carolina, prior to the year 1801. Up 
to that year, the highest degree known in America, either in the United 
States or the West Indies, was, so far as we can learn, that of Sublime 
Prince of the Royal Secret, rituals of which, as the twenty-fifth and last 
degree, are remaining in the archives of the Supreme Council at Charles- 
ton ; and the highest rank was that of" Deputy Grand Inspector General," 
a title which all the successors of the Bro.\ Morin assumed. 

Without any thing that we can discover to herald it, a new Rite sudden- 
ly appears in South Carolina, fully developed, and apparently mature at its 
advent. 

On the 3 1st of May, 1801, a " Supreme Council of the thirty-third de- 
gree for the United States of America," was opened at Charleston, with 
the high honors of Masonry, by the Bros.*. John Mitchell and Frederick 
Dalcho, Sovereign Grand Inspectors-General ; and, in the course of the 
year, 1802, we are told the whole number of Grand Inspectors-General 
was completed, agreeably to a the Grand Constitutions.* f 

The circular of the 4th of December, 1802, announcing the creation of 
"The Grand and Supreme Council of the Most Puissant Sovereigns, Grand 

* Register of the Bro.\ Delahogue. 

\ Circular of the Sup.'. Council at Charleston, of 4th of December, 1S02. 



190 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

Inspectors-General in Supreme Council of the thirty-third degree," stated, 
as the law of its existence, and the source of its powers, that " on the 1st 
of May, 5786, the Grand Constitution of the thirty-third degree, called 
'The Supreme Council of Sovereign Grand Inspectors-General/ was finally 
ratified by his Majesty, the King of Prussia, who, as Grand Commander 
of the Order of Prince of the Royal Secret, possessed the sovereign Masonic 
power over all the craft. In the new constitution this high power was con- 
ferred on a supreme council of nine brethren in each nation, who possess all 
the Masonic prerogatives in their own district, that His Majesty individu- 
ally possessed, and are Sovereigns of Masonry" 

It also gave a list of the thirty-three degrees. The first eighteen are the 
same as those of the Rite of Perfection ; the eighteenth being the Rose 
Croix. Then follow : — 

19. Grand Pontiff. 

20. Grand Master of all Symbolic Lodges. 

zi. Patriarch Noachite, or Chevalier Prussien* 

22. Prince of Libanus. 

23. Chief of the Tabernacle. 

24. Prince of the Tabernacle. 

25. Prince of Mercy. 

26. Knight of the Brazen Serpent. 

27. Commander of the Temple. 

28. Knight of the Sun. 

29. K. H. 

30. 31, 32. Prince of the Royal Secret ; Princes of Masons. 

33. Sovereign Grand Inspectors-General — officers appointed for life. 

On the 5th of July, 1801, the Grand Council of Princes of Jerusalem, at 
Charleston, granted a warrant for *" A Grand Elect Perfect and Sublime 
Lodge of Perfect Masons, at Charleston," which was signed by the Bros.*. 
John Mitchell, T. B. Bowen, E. De La Motta, Abraham Alexander and 
Iaaac Auld, as Sov.\ Gr.\ InspV. Gen.*.* 

* Register of Bro.'. Holbrook. 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. I9I 

And the Annual Register for 1802, of the Sublime Grand Lodge of Per- 
fection and other bodies in Charleston, gives the list of members of the 
Supreme Council as follows : — 

Col. John Mitchell, Sov.\ Gr.\ Commander. 

Dr. Frederick Dalcho, Lieutenant Grand Commander. 

Emanuel de la Motta, Treasurer General of the Holy Empire. 

Abraham Alexander, Secretary General of the Holy Empire. 

Major T. B. Bowen, Grand Master of Ceremonies. 

Israel de Lieben, Sov.\ Gr.\ Inspector-General. 

Dr. Isaac Auld, " " 

Moses C. Levy, " " 

Dr. James Moultrie, " " 

And, as its representative in Santo Domingo, " Augustus de Grasse, Sov.\ 
Gr.\ Commander for the French West Indies." 

On the 21st of February, 1802, the Supreme Council at Charleston 
granted the Bro.\ Alex. Francois Auguste de Grasse-Tilly a patent, certi- 
fying that he possessed the degrees from Secret Master to Sov.\ Gr.\ Insp.\ 
Gen.*., inclusive (naming each) ; that he was a member of the Supreme 
Council of the Thirty-third degree; and, that he was *' Grand Commander 
for life of the Supreme Council in the Freixh West India Islands;" and 
giving him power "to constitute, establish, direct, and inspect all lodges, 
chapters, councils, colleges, and consistories of the Royal and Military Order 
of the Ancient and Modern Freemasonry over the surface of the two hem- 
ispheres, conformably to the Grand Constitutions."* 

On the 12th of March, 1802, at Charleston, as Sov.\ Gr.\ Inspector- 
Gen.*. Thirty-third Degree, and Sov.'. Gr.\ Commander for the Windward 
and Leeward French Islands of America, he vised the Register, made out 
by the Bro.\ Aveilhe, for the Bro.\ Delorme.\ 

Ragon and other partisans of the Grand Orient deny that the Count de 

* Circular of Sup. - . Council at Charleston, 4th of December, 1802. Copy of 
Patent in Register of Bro.\ Holbrook. 
f Register of Bro.\ Aveilhe, MSS. at Charleston. 



I92 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

Grasse went from Charleston to Santo Domingo, and that he ever establish- 
ed there a Supreme Council of the Thirty-third Degree.* 

As we have seen, he was at Charleston on the l 2th of March, 1802. 

On the 1 8th of March, 1802, as Sow. Gr.\ Commander for the French 
islands, and dating at Cap Frangais in Santo Domingo, in the Supreme 
Council of the Thirty-third Degree, at that Orient, he granted the Bro.\ 
Pierre Dupont Delorme a patent as Prince of the Royal Secret and Depu- 
ty Inspector. Still, it is possible that that may in reality have been done 
at Charleston. 

In the latter part of February and early part of March, 1802, the negro 
forces of Toussaint, in Santo Domingo, were beaten by the French troops 
under Le Clerc, and forced to retreat into the mountains, leaving the ports 
and sea-coast in possession of the French. The Cape had been taken on 
the 4th of February by Hardy and Rochambeau, and, in the same month, 
Port au Prince and all the southern portion of the island was also recon- 
quered by Boudet and Latouche ; and early in May all the rebels had sub- 
mitted, and the pacification was complete. Foreign ships began to frequent 
the harbors, and commerce to give an air of returning prosperity to the 
scene of desolation."j" 

The survivors of those who had fled 10 different countries at the com- 
mencement of the rebellion in 1791, and during its progress, returned in 
great numbers during the spring and summer of 1802; and, among them, 
several of those who had settled in Charleston, South Carolina, and Ports- 
mouth, Virginia, in each of which places they had established lodges. 
Among others, De Grasse and Delahogue repaired to Santo Domingo, and 
organized at the Cape a Supreme Council. 

For late in 1802, De Grasse was borne on the annual Register of the 
Sublime Grand Lodge of Perfection of South Carolina, as an honorary 
member, and its representative in and to the Sublime Grand Lodge in San 
Domingo. 

On the 24th of June, 1802, he was Senior Warden of the Lodge and Sen.'. 
Gr.\ Warden of the Chapter des Sept Freres JReunis, that day established 

* Ragon Orthod. Mac., 303. Le Blanc Marconnay, Bulletin du Gr.\ 
Orient No. 23, p. 151. Etat de la Maconnerie, dans 1'ancienne isle Saint 
Domingue. 

f Alison, Hist, of Europe, vol. ii., pp. 246-7-8. 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. I93 

at the Orient of Cap Frangais, in San Domingo ; and the tableaux of those 
bodies for that year in my possession are signed by him as Senior and 
Senior Grand Warden, manu propria* 

And, on the same tableaux, are three other members of the lodge and 
chapter, described as Sov.\ Grand Inspectors-General, Thirty-third Degree, 
viz. : the Bro.\ Dalet, Master of the Lodge, the Bro.\ Caignet, Jun.\ 
Warden, and the Bro.\ Louis Hero, First Expert. 

On the 8th of July, 1802, at Cap Frangais, he granted Bro.\ Antoine 
Bideaud a patent as Deputy Grand Inspector-General, and received his 
submission in writing.^ 

On the 3d of August, 1802, the Supreme Council at Charleston, by a 
patent of that date, made him their Grand Representative for the West 
India islands. J 

On the 16th of September, 1802, the Supreme Council at Cap Frangais 
granted to the Bro.\ Bideaud a patent as Sovereign Grand Inspector- 
General, "from the Orient of the Grand Supreme Council of the Most 
Puissant Sovereign Grand Inspectors-General under, etc., answering to 19 
46', north latitude;" signed by the Bros.*. De Grasse (as Sov.\ Grand 
Commander), Delahogue (as Lt. Grand Commander), and Jean Louis 
Michel Dalet, as Secretary-General of the Holy Empire. § 

And the Register of the Bro.\ Antoine Bideaud, remaining in the ar- 
chives of the Grand Lodge of Louisiana, from which we gather some of 
these facts, made out at Santiago de Cuba, in 1806, gives the following as a 
list of members of the Supreme Council in question, on the 21st of Feb- 
ruary, 1S03. 

Alexander Frangois Auguste de Grasse, Most Potent Sovereign. 

Jean Baptiste Marie Delahogue, M. 111. Lt. of the Sovereign. 
[Louis] Hero, Treasurer of the Holy Empire. 

Jean Louis Michel Dalet, Secretary of the Holy Empire. 

Armand Caignet, Grand Master of Ceremonies. 

, Gr. Captain of the Guards. 

* Tableaux of the Lodge and Chapter, des Sept Freres Rttinis, 1S02. 
f Patent to Bro.\ Bideaud, and his submission, in his Register, MSS. in Gr.*. 
Lodge of Louisiana. 

% Patent in Register of Bro.\ Bideaud. 

§ Patent in the Register of Bro.\ Bideaud. 



194 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

Pierre Gervais Nicolas Toutain, Sov. Grand Insp. General. 
Antoine Bideaud, " " " 



In October, 1802, the negroes again revoked, and in October, 1803, the 
French rule in the islands was ended. The insurgents were successful from 
the beginning, and had virtually conquered the island in Februry, 1803.* 

The French residents of the island were compelled ro take refuge else- 
where ; and, among others, the Count de Grasse and the Bros. - . Delahogue, 
Toutain, Croze-Magnan, Armand Caignet, Hannecart Antoine and Robert 
Allemand, fled to Paris. 

" The hand of time," the Grand Orient said, in its circular of 31st of 
July, 1819, "had now [in 1804] effaced in France the remembrance of 
these degrees, which had gone out from its own bosom ; even of some that 
were exclusively French ; so that they were brought back there as strangers, 
and were not reclaimed. "f 

Before the Bros.*. De Grasse and Delahogue, it seems, the Bro.\ Ger- 
main Hacquet, a notary at Port au Prince, born at Paris about 1761, ar- 
rived at Paris ; who stands on the Tableau for 1801 of the Lodge Reunion des 
Cceurs, of the Ancient Constitution of York, at Port Republicain [the new 
name of Port au Prince], in Santo Domingo, thus: "Venerable, Germain 
Hacquet, notary public, born at Paris, aged 40 years, R.\ A.*. R.\ C.\ 
P.*. of the R.\ S.\ and Dep.\ Gr.\ Insp.'." He was at the same time an 
honorary member of the Lodge Des Freres Reunis, at Cap Frangais, of the 
Ancient Constitution of York, working under a charter from the Grand 
Lodge of Pennsylvania.^ 

Vassal says that he arrived at Paris early in 1 804, with a patent of Grand 
Inspector-General, granted him in New York, and a second patent, as 
Metropolitan Deputy Grand Master of Heredom.§ 

With these powers, Vassal says, he established a Council of the High 
Scottish Degrees — first, in the several bodies of la Triple Unite, and, sec- 
ond, in those of the Phoenix, at the Orient of Paris ; and afterwards con- 
stituted, in the bosom of the Phcenix, a Grand Consistory, as the governing 
body of the Scottish Rite of Heredom, with the title of Grand Consistory 
of that Rite for France. 

* Alison, Hist, of Europe, vol. ii., pp. 249, 250. f Hermes, vol. ii., p. no. 
\ Tab. for 1801 of the Lodges la A union des Cceurs and des Freres Reunis. 
§ Essay on the institution of the Scottish Rite, cited by Besuchet, 1 Precis 
Hist., 274 to 276. 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 195 

Ragon says* that the Bro.\ Hacquet practiced the Ancient and Accept- 
ed Scottish Rite, in 1803, in the Lodge des Sept Ecossais at Paris; and was 
adroit enough, the following year, to induce the Grand Orient to accept 
his twenty-five degrees of Heredom ; in exchange for which " stuff," he 
was appointed by that body the President of the Grand Consistory of Rites. 

On the 22d of September, 1804, the Bro.\ Count de Grasee, in his ca- 
pacity of Sov.'. Commander ad vitam for the French Islands of America, 
and by virtue of his patent as Deputy Inspector, from the Supreme Council 
at Charleston, aided by the Lt. Commander, Delahogue, and the Sov.'. 
Gr.\ Insps.'. General, Armand Caignet, Hannecart Antoine, and Pierre 
Gervais Nicolas Toutain, who had also come from San Domingo, uniting 
some Scottish Masons at Paris also with him, organized and established a 
Supreme Council of the thirty-third degree, for France, at Paris ; and on 
the 2zd of October, 1804, acting in concert with the Scottish Mother- 
Lodge Saint Alexandre d'Ecosse, the Supreme Council established at Paris 
a Scottish General Grand Lodge. In the establishment of this body, the 
Scottish Rite of Heredom, re-established in France by the Bro.\ Hacquet 
in 1803, fused with the Ancient and Accepted Rite. The Bro.\ Toutain 
was a Deputy Grand Inspector of the Rite of Perfection by patent from the 
Grand Consistory at Kingston in Jamaica; and also had special powers, 
dated April 25, 1803, from that body. 



It is beyond all question that the Grand Constitutions of 1786 were not 
made at Charleston. The 111/. Bros.-. Colonel Mitchell, Dr. Auld, Dr. 
Dalcho and Dr. Moultrie were very far above any suspicion of that 
sort, — so far, that men like Clavel and Ragon, and others who would be 
unknown as earth-worms, if not Masons, are too short-sighted even to see 
them. The gentlemen of South Carolina, in that day, did not commit for- 
gery. Whatever the origin of the Grand Constitutions, they came from 
Europe to Charleston, and were accepted and received by the honorable 
gentlemen and clergymen who were of the first Supreme Council, in perfect 
good faith. The scurrilous ribalds who have spoken of them as mercenary Jews 
could not comprehend what manner of men these noble gentlemen were. 

The following additional information in regard to some of the original 
members of the Supreme Council in Charleston has been furnished by the 

* Ragon, Orthod. Mag., 307. 



I96 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

kindness of the 111.*. Bro.*. Wilmot G. Desaussure, 32 , of Charleston, and 
of Jacob C. Levy, Esq., of Savannah, Georgia, son of Moses C. Levy, who 
became a member of the Supreme Council soon after its organization. 

[From letter of 111.'. Bro:. Desaussure.'] 

Moses C. Levy, as you will perceive from the manuscript, was of He- 
brew extraction, born in Poland, and emigrating to this country at an early 
age. By honesty, integrity and industry, he acquired a considerable prop- 
erty; he was a man fond of literature and of literary men, and had gathered 
quite a valuable collection of books, chiefly connected with Hebrew and 
Eastern lore ; a number of these were lost or destroyed by a fire in Charleston 
sometime about 1838. Mr. Levy was very much respected in the com- 
munity. The manuscript must fill what else I have been enabled to learn. 

Abraham Alexander, I have failed to learn anything of, further than 
the brief allusion to him in the manuscript. There are several families 
here of that name, but none have been able to tell anything, nor in fact 
know of any connection with him. So far as I could learn from the mem- 
ories of the older inhabitants, Mr. Alexander was not of Israelitish extraction, 

Israel de Lieben was of Hebrew extraction, and is buried in the Hebrew 
cemetery, but I have not been able to see his tombstone, and am unable to 
tell the time of his death. No will appears on record, and Bro. Levin tells 
me that the tradition among the Hebrews, is that, although a married man, 
he left no children. 

Francis B. Bowen, I can learn nothing of at all. No one whom I have 
asked has any recollection of him. Even Mr. Jacob C. Levy could not 
recall him to memory. 

Dr. James Moultrie, was a South Carolinian by birth, and of Scottish 
descent. He was a near kinsman of Genl. William Moultrie of the Revo- 
lutionary War, and was a practicing physician of repute and standing. He 
died on the 20th November, 1836, at the age of 70 years and 2 months. 
He certainly left two son? viz : Dr. James Moultrie and Dr. William 
Moultrie ; the former of whom I knew tolerably well, he was a P. M. of 
the Blue Lodge of which I am a member, he died three or four years ago; 
the other brother, Dr. William Moultrie, does not live in Charleston, and 
was alive a short time since. 

Col. John Mitchell, I can learn very little about. That little induces 
the belief that he was a South Carolinian, and from some old papers, I in- 
fer that he died between 1808 and 1817, but this is entirely inference. I 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. I97 

find him as a proxy representative of some Blue Lodges in 1808, and then 
lose all traces of him. None of the families here of similar name are able 
to tell of him. 

Dr. Frederick Dalcho, M.D., died 24th November, 1836, but a few 
days after Dr. James Moultrie. From an obituary of him, he appears to 
have been English by birth, a native of the City of London. Under 
charge of a maternal uncle, he removed when a child to Maryland, and 
was educated chiefly in Baltimore, where he took his degree as a physi- 
cian, and as a physician he first came to Charleston, but whether upon an 
English slave-ship as mentioned in Mr. Levy's manuscript, I do not know; 
the obituary simply mentions that he came as a physician. He entered in- 
to the ministry of the Episcopal Church in 1814, and continued in it until 
his death. He was a zealous promoter of the charities and literary asso- 
ciations of that sect, and left several religious tracts, etc., as the results of 
his labors. Dr. Dalcho died at the age of 6j years. The likeness of him 
in his Ahiman is a very good one, according to my remembrance of him. 
He was quite respected in the community, and I believe continued a zeal- 
ous Mason so long as his health lasted, which was until a year or two of 
his death. I do not remember that he had any children, certainly I do 
not remember seeing any about his premises. I think his wife survived him. 

[Memoir by Jacob C. Levy, Esquire.'] 
A letter from Mr. N. Levin, of Charleston, South Carolina, dated De- 
cember, 1871, addressed to my son, mentions that the Sov. Grand Com- 
mander of the Supreme Council of the A. and A. R., had written him to 
procure all the information he could of Moses C. Levy (the said S. Yates 
Levy's grandfather), who was a very prominent Mason, and an active mem- 
ber of the Supreme Council, established in Charleston, S. C, in 1801. * * * 
I have every impulse and desire to make the effort desired, with regret 
that the failing memory of old age furnishes but little of the past to do jus- 
tice to the subject ; and feel most grateful to the Sov.'. Gr.\ Commander,, 
as the only child of the man whose memory he seeks to preserve; grateful 
on account of my love for the being, who devoted a long life to rear his 
only child for the safe journey of Life Love and Gratitude for the labor 
of half a century to secure his son, with a forethought that embraced the 
contingencies of this checkered life. * * * 

From the infirmities inflicted by old age, being now in the 84th year 
of life, I have been unable to use my pen before the middle of February 
13 



I98 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

1872, and as the subject matter refers to things about the early part of the 
present century, it is more than can reasonably be expected, that memory 
has not from year to year been fading away or perished, concerning the 
obscure life of one who through his life avoided filling the smallest space in 
the public eye, — one who looked to domestic duties, always preferring be- 
fore all things, to exercise those virtues that found their chief reward in 
self-approval. 

An impartial fellow citizen and one who himself possessed many virtues, 
wrote his obituary, which was a moral photograph. It yet may be read 
on his obelisk in the Old Jewish Burial Place in Charleston (this cemetery 
escaped the bombardment of the recent Civil War). 

On the same monument is cut an epitaph, in choice classical Hebrew 
poetry, written in the latter part of his life, by himself y with directions 
that it should be placed on his tomb. It is in English, as follows : — 

SACKED TO THE MEMORY OF 

MOSES CLAVA LEVY, 

WHO DIED ON THE 5TH OF NISSAN, 

5599 

NEARLY 90 YEARS OLD — 

A native of Poland, and 

for 54 years an inhabitant 

of this City. 

He was a kind Husband, 

A fond Parent, a firm Friend, 

An indulgent Master ; 

Incorruptible in Integrity, 

Sincere in Piety, 
Unostentatious in Charity. 

This Stone is placed 
by his only Son and Child. 



Apart from the great length of time, little of any interest can be written 
<of one who pursued his daily labor in his dry-goods store ; his Masonic 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. igg 

studies and interest being the only gratification and pleasure outside 'of his 
humble home and its modest surroundings. 

In my efforts to meet the wishes of the Sov.\ Gr.\ Com.'., perhaps the 
exact facts may not be too strictly exact, as more than half a century has 
passed, and with it conventional changes of opinion that formerly would not 
have been tolerated; even religion itself has become far more moral as men 
advance with civilization and refinement. 

My lingering memory only supplies me that my father, Moses C. Levy, 
was born in the Kingdom of Poland, in the old city of Cracow, and that his 
father removed to the town of Brody. That about the close of the war 
with England, he left his country and remained in London, where he en- 
gaged himself to my mother, and sailed for Charleston, S. C, and after 
some time returned to England and married my good mother, leaving 
London for Charleston, and never leaving it. I can only define the time 
by a knowledge of my birth-day, which was on the 19th of December, 
1778. I remember that his middle name " Clava " was a sort of family 
pride, from the fact, that his uncle, in the early part of the last century, 
was physician to the King of Poland, who conferred on him the honor that 
had a Key for its Insignia — the golden Key. 

When my father was about transferring his Masonic honors, I was ad- 
vancing to manhood, probably 1803 or 1804, or rather advanced boyhood. 
I remember his asking if I wished to be a Mason, I presume this must have 
been at the time of some change in the proceedings of Masonic affairs. It 
was his duty to ask me, but he could neither advise nor dissuade me — 
with the thoughtlessness and impulse of youth, I declined. He left the 
impression on my mind, that he had devoted much time, and spent much 
money in the laudable cause. I remember as a child, my delight in the 
glimpse I had occasionally of the beautiful eagle and tiny sword and other 
insignia that were connected with what was called the 33d degree of Sublime 
Masonry. 

My father, although pious and practicing the formula of external religion 
from long habit, disliked ostentation both in worship and in charity ; for 
he was " an Israelite without guile," and if his son is at liberty to quote 
the Apostle St. Paul, " He walked orderly and followed the laws." When 
the scrupulous among his congregation (especially the ladies), asked his 
counsel about fasting on the sacred day of Atonement, as their health was 
feeble, he told them that their physician was the surest and proper guide 
to direct them. 



200 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

When upwards of four score, he was visited by certain honored mission- 
aries preparing to visit the Holy City of Jerusalem ; on their arrival in 
Charleston, and in answer to their inquiry where they could find a reliable 
Jew, their friends named my father, on whom they called. After intro- 
ducing themselves and the purpose of their intended misson, they com- 
menced a theological conversation ; told him that their mission was to 
convert the heathen, and particularly the Jews, fulfilling a duty, no doubt 
honestly entertained, and then began the work of his conversion. 

ic My friends," said he, " there are more roads to Heaven than one ; if 
you are right, I in a very short time will know it ; at this supper time of life- 
that I have reached, it is scarcely worth while to depart from the spirit of 
that law which has given me peace through life." 

I only have a faint recollection of one of the gentlemen, the Reverend 
Mr. Stuart, who, I think, had a high reputation among his clerical friends 
and the public. He then said, u We are going to Jerusalem, and shall visit 
the Beni Israel (the children of Israel) ; tell us, what should be our friendly 
salutation, that will find sympathy ? We have a tolerable knowledge (ele- 
mentary) of Hebrew, but no more." Upon which, my Father opened the 
Hebrew Bible, and pointed out some appropriate sacred aphorism, that suit- 
ed the occasion. When they were about leaving, the old man took from 
his valuable Oriental library and gave each of his visitors a Hebrew Bible. 
This was his constant practice, when visits of this sort were made. Many 
months after this, some person called on him with a volume of the New 
Testament translated into Hebrew, with a request, to know what was said, 
" Tell the Rev. Mr. Stuart that I thank him for the excellent New Wine 
he sent me, in compliment for the Old Wine I gave him." 

It is impossible, after so long an interval of time, at my age, with a mem- 
ory daily fading, and in some particulars entirely lost, to furnish what is de- 
sired, respecting his quiet and unobtrusive life, in or out of the Masonic 
World. 

In the early part of the century, I have a clear recollection of my father's 
Masonic friends coming to see him. I remember when Col, Mitchell, 
Doctor Dalcho and some others, discussing (as outside curiosity ascertained) 
. the measure of abdicating or transferring their powers. The greedy curi- 
osity of a boy, regarding esoteric wonders, only assured me from fragments 
of conversation that my father disagreed with his friends, and that after 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 201 

some days or weeks they all changed their opinion and adopted the course 
he suggested, yielding to his judgment. 

He greatly assisted to relieve the monetary troubles of his Synagogue, 
with his advice, labor and means, and established a permanent fund, giving 
largely to it, as a pattern for his co-religionists to follow. 

It was only last summer that chatting with Mr. Nathan Hayden, Presi- 
dent of the Chatham Bank, who in former days, was his tenant, in Charles- 
ton, "Your Father," said he, "in his leases to govern tenants, bound 
them as strongly as the law allowed, but then, after I was so bound, he 
allowed me to do whatever I pleased. 

" I remember he built three brick houses after a great fire in Charleston, 
and fixed the rent at six hundred dollars per annum; after renting one at 
this rate, he failed in getting more than four hundred for each of the re- 
maining two, and when the first of the tenants paid him the $600 quarter- 
ly, he gave a receipt for that sum and then returned two hundred, saying, 
' Your neighbor pays me only $400, and this return is only fair, but the 
lease must remain as agreed upon.' " 

He thought wisely that to investigate our interest too strictly, is to put 
a sponge to all the virtues. 

There are many men who are cursed with the selfish unhappy aphorism 
of there being something pleasant in the misfortunes of one's friends, and 
disappointment at their good fortune. He had some of this class, but when 
they got into trouble or wished to confide safely their property in their wills 
for the benefit of their kinsfolk across the Atlantic, they never failed to se- 
lect him, and I carried out their intentions. 

He was in politics conservative. / have yet the certificates of 150 old 
United States Bank Shares. " I wish you never to sell them. I think 
these shares scattered over the whole country, will be the anchor that must 
hold the union of the States in security !" So he honestly thought, and my 
only comfort is that I obeyed his wish. 

When asked if he would subscribe to build a Turkish Mosque, in this 
country, he said he would if there were worshippers living here. 

The old gentleman was ready with pleasantry when attacked. I remem- 
ber he had a poor negro boy whose money value was about $150. The 

boy had a defective bone in his leg, and Dr. S was called, remarkable for 

his surgical skill and his bad temper. After some weeks, the boy was able 
to limp as he walked. " Come with me," said my father, " I do not like 



202 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

to owe for doctor's bills." I accordingly went to Dr. S , who was in a 

bad humor. On asking for the bill, it was only one line — 

" To attendance on Tommy , $750," 

which was forthwith paid. On meeting the doctor some weeks after in 

market, where they frequently met, Dr. S had two of his admirers with 

him, and a whisper signified the joke that was hatching. 

" Well, old gentleman, I am sorry you look sick, why don't you send for 
me ? I can cure you and make you well." " Why, to speak the truth, doc- 
tor, I am sick, and I am satisfied you can make me well ; but then your bill 
would positively make me sick again." This put the doctor in excellent 
humor, and was one of his best stories after dinner for many years, it was 
said. 

Trifles of this sort are often successful in describing human characteristics. 

One his peculiar humors was never to indorse or ask an indorsement from 
others; he would often lend money, for he was firm in his friendship where 
he had confidence. 

Without a knowledge of this, I once found some embarrassment in the 
outset of life, with the responsibility of a young family, and asked him to 
indorse a note for me, for $3,000. t: You knew," he said, " or, I thought 
you knew, that I never indorse." And before I could exhibit any disap- 
pointment, he added, " If it is the same thing to you, I would much rather 
give you the money." 

In thus feebly, but most willingly, endeavoring to meet the wishes of the 
Sov.\ Gr.\ Commander, I am sure the great length of time that has passed, 
as well as my weakness, advanced age and decaying memory, will secure his 
excuse and earn his sympathy. 



Regarding the other gentlemen named, I have but a faint remembrance. 

Mr. Israel De Lieben, I remember, — a stout old gentleman, who lived 
on the western side of the Bay in Charleston, S. C. 

He was an auctioneer — of genial cheerfulness, obliging, fond of society 
and the presence of his friends around his hospitable board, enjoying his 
cigar and the song, in those days a conventional fashion. 

He was a married man, but left no family. 

I am not sure, but have an impression that he was a native of Hanover, 
on the Continent of Europe. 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 203 

He was a respectable man, and was respected. 

I also remember Mr. A. Alexander ; I think he was by birth an Englishman. 

I knew him as the Secretary of the then Collector of the Custom House 
in Charleston. He was a caligraphist of the first order. His grandson, of 
his name, now lives in Atlanta, Georgia, doing business in that growing 
town, where possibly something more satisfactory might be obtained from 
this gentleman. 

I also faintly remember Colonel Mitchell, who was known by the com- 
munity generally, a stout gentleman with a defective look from an accident 
that damaged his eye — a gentleman whom I really cannot give any account 
of. When a boy, he and DeLieben came very frequently to our house. 

I think I had a faint impression that he was generally among those who 
were connected with shipping. He was greatly respected, and Masonry 
was always associated with his appearance. 

A name not inquired after, among this circle, and very fresh in my mem- 
ory, is Doctor Dalcho. He also very often came to my father, I suspect 
on affairs of the Lodge. 

He came to Charleston in the very early part of the century, and was 
on board of an English slave-ship, as surgeon. He left the sea, and prac- 
ticed as a physician in Charleston, and was skillful, gaining much reputa- 
tion during a yellow-fever epidemic, by his success and devotion to the poor 
patients gratutiously. I think that, subsequently, he practiced clerical duties 
in the Episcopal Church, and subsequently, I think, he acted as an editor 
of one of the Charleston daily papers. 

I regret that the foolish thoughtlessness of youth deprived me of the 

privilege of owning myself a Mason. I now have reason to increase that 

feeling, for it would have enabled me to fulfil much that is now sought for 

the archives of a society in the service of humanity, and seeking to practice 

what harmonizes with reason as most conducive to virtue. 

J. C Levy. 



The valuable information which follows, in regard to the 111.*. Brethren, 
founders of the Supreme Council, Israel De Lieben and Emanuel de la 
Motta, has been kindly procured and furnished by III.". Bro.\ Nathaniel 
Levin, 32 , and Kt.\ Commander of the Court of Honour, of Charleston, 
South Carolina, of date June zd, 1872 : 

"I regret to state that the materials afforded are very meagre. The immediate 



204 A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 

relatives have long since passed away, the records, books, and papers have 
been destroyed by fire, and but one or two persons are living from whom 
I can procure information. What I write is gleaned from them, and can 
be regarded as reliable. 

Israel De Lieben, an Israelite, was born in Prague, Bohemia, in the year 
1740. After attaining his majority, he emigrated to the United States, 
and in the year 1770, settled in the City of Charleston, where he engaged 
in mercantile pursuits, and by active industry and sterling integrity, ac- 
quired, after some years, a handsome competency. About the year 1780, 
he married a Miss Emanuel. He was a man of education and character, 
a scrupulous observer of his faith, but liberal and tolerant in his religious 
opinions. He was an early, zealous and devoted friend of Masonry, and 
practiced its pure principles with remarkable fidelity. 

He was simple and unostentatious in his manners. His charities were 
not circumscribed by sectarian lines. The poor of every creed were his 
recipients, and he was spoken of by them as the " liberal-handed Jew." 

After a long, prosperous and useful life, he died in this city on the 28th 
January, 1807, and his remains now repose in the old Jewish burial grounc 
of Charleston. 

At the head of his tombstone the following figures are engraved : 



L ,n 



Emanuel de la Motta was born in Spain, January 5th, 1761. His fam- 
ily fled from that intolerant country to avoid Spanish persecution, and 
branches of the old stock settled in Savannah and Charleston. 

It was in this city that the young de la Motta was raised and educated, 
and the family saved sufficient of their former fortune to render them secure 
from want. Their son Emanuel devoted himself to Jewish literature and 
Masonic study. He was regarded in the community as a man of rare en- 
dowments, to which were united a nobility and loftiness of character which 
he sustained with undeviating rectitude. Strict, yet unbigoted in his faith, 
he was liberal and unostentations in his charities, dignified, yet assuasive in 
his manners ; he was beloved by all who knew him. The faithfulness and 
integrity with which he performed his public trusts, won for him the con- 
fidence and regard of his fellow-citizens. He died May 15, 1821, leaving 



A HISTORICAL INQUIRY. 



205 



a wife and eight children, the eldest of whom was Dr. Jacob de la Motta, 
of Charleston, at one time surgeon in the U. S. army, and afterwards a 
practicing physician in this city. 

All the members of the family are dead. 

Both De Lieben and de la Motta served their country in the war of the 
Revolution, and the latter in the year 1812, and both rose from the ranks 
to military positions of honor and trust. 




fiafin (JonsHfufions 



OF 



THE YEAR 1786. 



VERA INSTITUTA SECRETA ET FUNDAMENTA 

ORDINIS 

VETERUM-STRUCTORUM-LIBERORUM-AGGREGATORUM 

ATQUE 

CONSTITUTIONES MAGN^E 

ANTIQUI-ACCEPTI-RITUS-SCOTICI, 
ANWI MDCOLXXXVI. 



EDITIO NOVA 



evulgata auspiciis supremi concilii gradus 331 

Pro Jurisdictions Meridiana Rerum- 

publicarum consociatarum 

America. 



A.-. M.\ 5632. 



VERITABLES INSTITUTS SECRETS ET BASES 
FONDAMENTALES 

DE 

L'ORDRE 

DES ANCIENS FRANCS-MA^ONS-UNIS 

ET 

GRANDES CONSTITUTIONS 

DU RIT ANCIEN-ACCEPT^-koSSAIS, 

DE L'AN 1786. 



NOUVELLE EDITION 



PUBLIEE SOUS LES AUSPICES DU SUPREME CONSEIL 33 s 
POUR LA JURIDICTION M^RIDIONALE DES 
Etats Unis DE L'AMERIQUE. 

TRADUIT DU LATIN 

PAR 

Charles Laffon de Ladebat, 3? 



A.-. M.\ 5632. 



THE TRUE SECRET INSTITUTES AND BASES 

OF 

THE ORDER 

# 
OF ANCIENT FREE ASSOCIATED MASONS 

AND 

GRAND CONSTITUTIONS 

OF THE ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE, 
ANNI 1786. 



NEW EDITION: 



Published by Authority of the Supreme Council 

33° for the Southern Jurisdiction of the 

United States of America. 

re-translated from the latin. 

BY 

Albert Pike, 33 , Sov.\ Gr.\ Commander. 



A/. M.\, 5632. 
14 



(Bxanh Ccmstttution© of 17SG. 



UNIVERSI TERRARUM ORBIS SUMMI ARCHITECTONIS GLORIA 

AB INGENIIS. 



NOVA INSTITUTA SECRETA 
ET FUNDAMENTA, 

ANTIQUISSIM.E, VENERANDISSIMjEQUE SOCIETATIS VETERUM-STRUCTORUM- 

LIBERORUM-AGGREGATORUM, QVJE REGIUS AC MILITARIS LIBER^E- 

ARTIS-FABRICE-LAPIDARLffi ORDO VOCATUR. 



OS, Fredericus, Dei gratid Rex Borussice, Mar- 
gravius Brandeburgi, etc., etc., etc. ; 

Supremus Magnus Protector, Magnus Commenda- 
tor, Magnus M agister Universalis, et Conservator an- 



UNIVERSI TERRARUM ORBIS SUMMI ARCHITECTONIS GLORIA 

AB INGENIIS. 




NOUVEAUX INSTITUTS SECRETS 
ET BASES FONDAMENTALES 

DE LA TR£s ANCIENNE ET Tr£s RESPECTABLE SOCi£t£ DES ANCIENS FRANCS- 

MACONS UNIS, CONNUE SOUS LE NOM d'orDRE ROYAL ET MILI- 

TAIRE DE L'ART LTBRE DE TAILLER LA PIERRE. 




OUS, Frederic, par la grace de Dieu, Roi de Prusse, 
Margrave de Brandebourg, etc., etc., etc. : 

Souverain Grand Protecteur, Grand Commandeur, 

Grand Maitre Universel et Conservateur de la tres 

ancienne et tres respectable Societe' des Anciens Francs-Macons 

ou Architect es unis, autrement appelee VORDRE Royal et Mili- 

tairede I Art Libre de Tailler la Pierre ou Franche-Maconnerie : 

A TOUS LES ILLUSTRES ET BIEN-AIMES FR&RES QUI 

CES PRESENTES VERRONT: 

Qlotexantz, Union, proaperite. 



II est 6vident et incontestable que, fidele aux importantes 
obligations que nous nous sommes imposees en acceptant le 
protectorat de la tres ancienne et tres respectable Institu- 
(216) 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 21? 

tiquissimcE et venerabilis Societatis Veterum-Liberorum-Aggrega- 
torum-Struciorum vel Latomorum seu Regalis et Militaris OR- 
DINIS Liber ce-Artis-Fabricce Lapidarice vel Libcrce-Latomice : 

ILLUSTRIBUS ET DILECTIS FRATRIBUS PR^ESENTES 
INSPECTURIS : 

^olaationem, Uniotwnt, Jpro^peritatem. 



Quod compertum et exploratum ipsi Nos habemus, con- 
servantia et summa Officia quae pacti sumus cum antiquis- 
sima reverendissimaque Institutione nota sevo nostro, sub 
nomine Libera - A rtis - Fabricce - Lapidarice - Fraternitatis au t 



UNIVERSI TERRARUM ORBIS SUMMI ARCHITECTONIS GLORIA 

AB INGENIIS. 



THE NEW SECRET INSTITUTES 
AND BASES 

OF THE MOST ANCIENT AND MOST WORSHIPFUL SOCIETY OF ANCIENT 

AND ASSOCIATED FREE-MASONS, WHICH IS STYLED THE ROYAL AND 

MILITARY ORDER OF THE FREE ART OF WORKING IN STONE. 




E, Frederic, by the Grace of God, King of Prussia, 
Margrave of Brandenburg, etc., etc. : 

Supreme Grand Protector, Grand Commander , 
Universal Grand Master, and Defender of the most 
ancient and honorable Society of Ancient Free and Associated 
Masons or Builders, or of the Royal and Military ORDER of 
the Free Art of Working in Stone, or of FreeMasonry : 

TO ALL ILLUSTRIOUS AND BELOVED BRETHREN TO 
WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME: 



As we hold to be sure and certain, the conservative and 
high duties which we have agreed to take upon ourselves, 
with that most ancient and most worshipful Institution, 



21 8 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

Ordinis Veterum - STRUCTORUM - LlBERORUM - Aggrega- 
TORUM, fecerunt quod notum est omnibus, ut illam nostra 
speciali sollicitudine tutaremur. 

Hsec universalis Institutio, quae originem a societatis hu- 
manas origine ducit, est pura in dogmate et doctrina, 
sapiens, prudens et moralis in disciplinis, exercitationibus, 
consiliis ac rationibus, et fine insigniter philosophico, sociali 
et humano se prsesertim commendat ; hujusce societatis finis 
hie est : Concordia, Felicitas, Progressus, Commoda humani 
generis generatim sumpti, et particulariter uniuscujusque 
hominis : igitur omni spe et opera, constanti animo uti 



tion connue de nos jours sous le nom de " Society de FArt 
Libre de tailler la pier re " ou " Ordre DES ANCIENS Francs 
Macons Unis " nous nous sommes applique, comme chacun 
sait, a l'entourer de notre sollicitude particuliere. 

Cette Institution universelle, dbnt l'origine remonte au 
berceau de la societe humaine, est pure dans son Dogme et 
sa Doctrine: elle est sage, prudente et morale dans ses en- 
seignements, sa pratique, ses desseins et ses moyens: elle se 
recommande surtout par son but philosophique, social et 
humanitaire. Cette societe a pour objet l'Union, le Bon- 
heur, le Progres et le Bien-Etre de la famille humaine en 
general et de chaque homme individuellement. Elle doit 
done travailler avec confiance et energie et faire des efforts 
incessants pour atteindre ce but, le seul qu'elle reconnaisse 
comme digne d'elle. 

Mais, dans la suite des temps, la composition des organes 
de la Maconnerie et l'unite de son gouvernement primitif 
ont subi de graves atteintes, causees par les grands boule- 
versements et les revolutions qui, en changeant la face du 
monde ou en le soumettant a, des vicissitudes continuelles, 
ont, a differentes epoques, soit dans l'antiquite, soit de nos 
jours, disperse les anciens Macons sur toute la surface du 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 2ig 

debet, ut ad eum exitum, quern solum se dignum profitetur, 
perveniat. 

Sed, progrediente astate, organorum compositio priscique 
regiminis unitas graviter adulterate sunt magnis eversioni- 
bus rerumque mutationibus quse mundi statum everterunt 
aut alternis vicibus immutarunt, et quae priscos Structores, 
diversis antiquorum nostrumque temporum periodis, in 
varias orbis partes sparserunt. Hie dispersus sejunctiones 
operatus est, quse sub RlTUUM nomine hodie vigent et 
quorum conjunctio ORDINEM componit. 

Sed divisiones alias primis ex divisionibus ortag, novis so- 



known in our age by the name of " The Fraternity of the 
Free Art of Working in Stone" or of " The Order of 
Ancient Free and Associated Masons," have caused us, 
as is known to all men, to protect it with special solicitude. 

This universal Institution, whose origin is coeval with 
that of human society, is pure in dogma and doctrine, 
wise, prudent and moral in its teachings, its practices, its 
counsels, and its measures; and especially commends itself 
by its philosophical, social and philanthropic ends. The 
ends of this Society are these : the harmony, the happiness, 
the progress and the well-being of the human race taken 
as a whole, and of every individual man in particular. 
Wherefore it should, with unfailing hope and unremitting 
labor, be of a constant mind, that it may attain that end, 
which alone it regards as worthy of itself. 

But, in the process of time, its organic composition and 
the unity of its primitive regimen have been much adul- 
terated, by those great subversions and changes of human 
affairs, that have overturned the condition of the world, or 
disturbed it with constant changes ; and which, at different 
periods, in ancient times and in our own, have dispersed the 
ancient Masons to the different portions of the globe. This 



220 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

cietatibus constituendis locum dederunt, et plurimis nulla 
alia cum Liberd-Arte-Fabriccz-Lapidaricz est communitas, 
praeter nomen aliasque formulas a fundatoribus servatas ut 
tegerent consilia secreta, saspe exclusoria, aliquando etiam 
periculosa et fere semper principiis doctrinisque sublimibus 
Liber ce-Artis-Fabricce-Lapidarice, traditione transmissis, op- 
posita. 

Notaa discordise novis illis societatibus in ORDINE con- 
citatas, et per nimium tempus alitae,. ilium suspicionibus et 
diffidentiae omnium fere Principum objecerunt, etiamque 
ssevis nonnullorum insectationibus. 



globe. Cette dispersion a donne naissance a des systemes 
heterogenes qui existent aujourd'hui sous le nom de Rites 
et dont l'ensemble compose l'ORDRE. 

Cependant, d'autres divisions, nees des premieres, ont 
donne lieu a l'organisation de nouvelles societes : la plupart 
de celles-ci n'ont rien de commun avec V Art Libre de la 
Franche-Maconnerie, saiif le nom et quelques formules con- 
servees par les fondateurs, pour mieux cacher leurs desseins 
secrets — desseins souvent trop exclusifs, quelquefois dan- 
gereux et presque toujours contraires aux principes et aux 
sublimes doctrines de la Franche-Maconnerie, tels que nous 
les avons regus de la tradition. 

Les dissensions bien connues que ces nouvelles associa- 
tions ont suscitees dans l'ORDRE et qu'elles y ont trop 
longtemps fomentees, ont eveille les soupcons et la mefiance 
de presque tous les Princes dont quelques-uns Font meme 
persecute cruellement. 

Des Macons, d'un merite eminent, ont enfin reussi a ap- 
paiser ces dissensions et tous ont, depuis longtemps, ex- 
prime le desir qu'elles fussent l'objet d'une deliberation 
g6nerale afin d'aviser aux moyens d'en empecber le retour 
et d'assurer le maintien de l'ORDRE, en retablissant 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 221 

r 

Conatibus Structorum virtute praestantium sedatas fuere 
discordias, et illi omnes, jam a, longo tempore votis expos- 
cunt, ut generaliter in eas consulatur, rationibusque eos 
reditus impediant, ORDINEMQUE sustineant, illi sui 
regiminis, organorumque priscse compositionis unitatem, 
priscamque disciplinam restituendo. 

Haec vota accipiendo, quae vota Nobis communia sunt a 
completa initiatione nostra mysteriis Liberce-Artis-Fabricce- 
LapidaricB) Nobis attamen dissimulare potuimus nee numer- 
um, nee veram magnitudinem obstaculorum removendorum 
ut ilia vota persolverentur. De tali re facienda. rationem 



dispersion has produced disjunction into distinct branches 
which, under the name of Rites, still flourish ; and their ag- 
gregate composes The Order. 

But other divisions, springing from the first, gave occa- 
sion for the constitution of new associations, in most of which 
there is nothing else in common with the Free Art of Ma- 
sonry, than the name, and other formulas retained by their 
founders to mask their purposes, secret, often exclusory, 
sometimes even dangerous, and almost always in opposi- 
tion to the sublime principles and doctrines of the Free Art 
of Masonry, transmitted by tradition. 

The known discords excited within the Order, and too 
long nourished, by these modern associations, exposed it 
to the suspicions and distrust of almost all Princes, and 
even to the cruel persecutions of some. 

By the exertions of those Masons most eminent in virtue, 
these dissensions have been settled ; and all these have now 
for a long time desired that there should be a general con- 
sultation in regard thereto, and by proper measures to pre- 
vent their revival, and to sustain the Order, by restoring 
to it the unity of its original government, and of the ori- 
ginal composition of its organs, and its original discipline. 



222 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

inire meditabamur deliberando, cum fratribus sapientissimis 
et principibus Fraternitatis in omnibus orbis regionibus, de 
consiliis aptissimis ad utilem ilium exitum consequendum, 
violato nullius arbitrio, nulla vera Structorum libertate vio- 
lata, nee opinionum praecipue, quaa inter omnes libertates 
prima et sacerrima est atque admodum propensa ad accep- 
iendam offensionem. 

Usque adhuc Regis officia, nobis magis peculiaria, et 
plurimi gravesque eventus, qui nostri principatus cursum 
insignierunt, irritam erga hoc fecerunt nostram voluntatem, 
et a proposito illo nos deterruerunt. Absolutio perfectio- 



Funite dans son gouvernement et dans la composition 
primitive de ses organes, ainsi que son antique discipline. 

Tout en partageant ce desir que nous-meme avons 
eprouve depuis le jour ou nous avons ete completement 
initie aux mysteres de la Franche-Maqonnerie, nous n'avons 
pu, cependant, nous dissimuler ni le nombre, ni ]a nature, 
ni la grandeur reelle des obstacles que nous aurions a sur- 
monter pour accomplir ce desir. Notre premier soin a ete 
de consulter les membres les plus sages et les plus eminents 
de l'Ordre dans tous les pays sur les mesures les plus con- 
venables a adopter pour atteindre un but si utile, en res- 
pectant les id6es de chacun, sans faire violence a la juste 
independance des Macrons et surtout a la liberte d'opinion 
qui est la premiere et la plus sacree de toutes les libertes 
et en meme temps la plus prompte a prendre ombrage. 

Jusqu'a present les devoirs qui nous etaient plus parti- 
culierement imposes comme Roi, les evenements nombreux 
et importants qui ont signale notre regne ont paralyse* nos 
bonnes intentions et nous ont detourne du but que nous 
nous etions propose. C'est desormais au temps, ainsi qu'a 
la sagesse, a l'instruction et au zele des freres qui viendront 
apres nous qu'il appartiendra d'accomplir et de perfec- 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 223 

que tam magni, pulchri, asqui ac necessarii operis, ad tem- 
pus, prudentiam, cognitionem studiumque fratrum, qui 
nobis succedent, deinceps pertinent : illud pensum illis re- 
linquimus, prascipimusque ut sine intermissione, leniter ac 
prudenter dent illi operam. 

Attamen recentes ac instantes expositiones quae ad nos 
his proximis temporibus, omnibus ex locis, missas fuere, 
nobis notam reddunt urgentem necessitatem opponendi 
potentem molem animo intolerantias, sectas, schismatis et 
anarchias, quem inter fratres nuperi novatores adsciscere 
conantur, spectantes ad consilia plus minusve restricta, in- 



While approving of these desires, which have been shared 
by us ever since our complete initiation into the mysteries 
of the Free Art of Stone Masonry, still we have not been 
able to conceal from ourselves either the number or nature 
or real magnitude of the obstacles that must be removed, 
in order that those desires may be accomplished. We con- 
templated the initiation of measures to effect the object de- 
sired, by taking counsel with the wisest and most eminent 
Brethren of the Fraternity, in all* regions of the world, as 
to the expedients best fitted to attain that desirable result, 
without violence to the free will of any one, or in any way 
encroaching upon the genuine liberty of Masons, especially 
upon that freedom of opinion, which is, of all liberties, the 
first and most sacred, and exceedingly quick to take offence. 

Hitherto, our royal duties, greater than common, to us, 
and the very many and grave events that have marked the 
course of our reign, have made this our intention ineffect- 
ual, and have deterred us from that undertaking. The com- 
pletion and perfection of a work so great and excellent, 
so just and necessary, belong hereafter to the leisure, wis- 
dom, knowledge and study of the brethren, who are to 
come after us. To them we commit that task, and we 



224 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

considerata aut vituperabilia, et oblata sub speciosis ra- 
tionibus quse a, proposito veram Artem-Fabricce-Lapidarice, 
naturam ejus immutando, deflectere, et sic ad contemptio- 
nem extinctionemque ORDINIS pervenire possunt. Con- 
fitemur Nosmetipsi hanc urgentem necessitatem, edocti 
omnia quse in regnis vicinorum hodie geruntur. 

Igitur has rationes aliceque causes non minoris ponderis nos 
impellunt ad colligendum et agglomerandum in unum cor- 
pus Artem-Fabricce-Lapidarice omnes RlTUS Scotici regim- 
inis, quorum doctrinse generaliter agnoscuntur esse max- 
ime eaedem ac illse priscas institutiones, quas eodem ten- 



tionner une ceuvre si grande et si belle, si juste et si neces- 
saire. C'est a eux que nous leguons cette tache, et nous 
leur recommandons d'y travailler sans cesse, mais patiem- 
ment et avec precaution. 

Toutefois, de nouvelles et pressantes representations qui, 
de toutes parts, nous ont ete adressees, dans ces derniers 
temps, nous ont convaincu de la necessite d'opposer imrae- 
diatement une barriere puissante a l'esprit d'intolerance, 
de secte, de schisme et d'anarchie que des novateurs cher- 
chent aujourd'hui a introduire parmi les freres. Leurs 
desseins ont plus ou moins de portee et sont ou imprudents, 
ou reprehensibles : presentes sous de fausses couleurs, 
ces desseins, en changeant la nature de VArt Libre de la 
Franche Magonnerie, tendent a la detourner de son but, et 
doivent necessairement causer la cleconsideration et la 
ruine de l'ORDRE. En presence de tout ce qui se passe 
dans les royaumes voisins, nous reconnaissons qu'une inter- 
vention de notre part est devenue indispensable. 

Ces raisons et d'autres causes non moins graves nous im- 

• posent done le devoir d'assembler et de reunir et un seul 

corps de Magonnerie tous les Rites du Regime ECOSSAIS dont 

les doctrines sont, de l'aveu de tous, a peu pres les memes 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 225 

dunt, et quae, cum sint praecipui rami ejusdem arboris, 
tantum inter se differunt formulis, jam inter multos ex- 
planatis, et quas conciliare facile est. Hi RiTUS sunt qui 
agnoscuntur sub nomine Antiqni, Heredom aut Hairdom, 
Kilwinning Orientis, Sancti-Andrece, Imperatorum Orieittis et 
Occidentis, Principum-Regii-Secreti aut Perfectionis, Philoso- 
phic, et RiTUS recentissimus, Primcevus dictus. 

Igitur, acceptum habendo, pro basi nostras reformationis 
conservatricis, titulum primi illorum Rituum et numerum 
graduum hierarchicum ultimi, Declaramus illos omnes 
jam nunc conjunctos et agglomeratos in unum solum OR- 



solicit them to labor thereat without intermission, but with 
moderation and discretion. 

Nevertheless, recent and urgent representations, which 
of late have been addressed to us, from every quarter, 
make evident to us the pressing necessity of opposing a 
strong barrier to that spirit of intolerance, sectarianism, 
schism and anarchy, which recent innovators are endeavor- 
ing to introduce among the brethren, having purposes in 
view more or less narrow, inconsiderate or reprehensible, 
and put forward under specious pretexts, which may suc- 
ceed in leading the true Art of Stone Masonry astray from 
its true purposes, by changing its nature, and so in bringing 
upon the Order contempt and destruction. We ourselves, 
informed of all that is now taking place in the realms of 
our neighbors, admit this urgent necessity. 

Wherefore these reasons, and other inducements of not less 
weight, impel us to the connecting together and agglomerat- 
ing into one body, the Art of Stone Masonry, all the Rites 
of the Scottish regimen, the doctrines of which Rites are 
generally recognized as being in the main the same as those 
ancient institutions which have a common aim, and which, 
while they are the principal branches of the same tree, dif- 



226 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

DINEM qui, profitendo dogma et puras doctrinas priscse 
Artis-Fabricce-Lapidarice, complectitur systemata omnia 
Scotici Ritus copulata sub titulo RITUS-SCOTICI-AN- 
TIQUI-ACCEPTI. 

Doctrina largietur Structoribus in gradibus triginta tri- 
bus, in septem Templa aut classes partitis, quos quisque 
Structor vicissim lustrare tenebitur, antequam ad sublimis- 
simum ac ultimum perveniat ; ac in quoque gradu, subibit 
moras et pericula quae Instituta, Decreta Prsescriptaquse 
antiqua ac nova ORDINIS atque Perfectionis exigunt. 

Primus gradus secundo subjicietur, iste tertio, et sic ex 



que celles des anciennes Institutions qui tendent au meme 
but, et qui, n'etant que les branches principales d'un seul 
et meme arbre, ne different entr'elles que par des formules, 
maintenant connues de plusieurs, et qu'il est facile de con- 
cilier. Ces Rites sont ceux connus sous les noms de Rit 
Ancien, d^Heredo7n ou d } Hairdom, de T Orient de Kilwinning, 
de Saint- Andre , des Empereurs d' Orient et d' Occident, des 
Princes du Royal Secret ou de Perfection, de Rit Philosophic 
que et enfin de Rit Primitif, le plus recent de tous. 

x\doptant, en consequence, comme base de notre re- 
forme salutaire, le titre du premier de ces Rites et le nom- 
bre des Degres de la hierarchie du dernier, nous les 
Declarons maintenant et a jamais reunis et un seul OR- 
DRE qui, professant le Dogme et les pures Doctrines de 
l'antique Fr anche-Maconnerie , embrasse tous les systemes 
du Rit Ecossais sous le nom de RIT ECOSSAIS AN- 
CIEN ACCEPT^. 

La doctrine sera communiquee aux Magons en trente- 
trois Degres, divises en sept Temples ou Classes. Tout 
Magon sera teriu de parcourir successivement chacun de 
ces Degres avant d'arriver au plus sublime et dernier ; et a 
chaque Degre, il devra subir tels delais et telles epreuves 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 227 

ordine usque ad sublimem — tertium et trigesimum ac ulti- 
mum — qui ad omnes alios advigilabit, illos redarguet, illis- 
que imperabit, et cujus congregatio aut conventus, Mag- 
NUM-Concilium-Supremum, dogmaticum erit, Defensor, 
Conservator que ORDINIS, quem gubernabit atque adminis- 
trabit, ex praesentibus et ex Constitutionibus quag proxime 
instituentur. 

Omnes gradus Rituum supra agglomeratorum, a primo 
ad octavum decimum, in gradibus Ritus Perfeetionis, ordini 
suo respondenti, et ex sua analogia et similitudine, colloca- 
buntur, et XVIII primos gradus Ritus-Scotici-Antiqui- 



fer from each other in their formulas only, now widely dif- 
fused, and which it is easy to reconcile. These Rites are 
those that are known as " The Ancient," " Heredom or 
Hairdom," "of the Orient of Kilwinning," " of St. An- 
drew," " of the Emperors of East and West," " of Prin- 
ces of the Royal Secret " or " of Perfection," of " Philo- 
sophy," and the most recent Rite of all, styled " The 
Primitive." 

Wherefore, adopting for the basis of our conservative re- 
formation, the title of the first of those Rites, and the hier- 
archic number of degrees of the last, We do declare them 
all to be now and henceforth conjoined and agglomerat- 
ed into one single Order, which, professing the dogma 
and pure doctrines of the ancient Art of Stone-Masonry, 
embraces all the systems of the Scottish Rite, united 
under the title of The Ancient and Accepted Scottish 
Rite. 

Let the doctrine be imparted to the Masons in thirty- 
three degrees, divided into seven Temples or classes, 
through which each Mason will be bound to pass, in 
succession, before he can arrive at the most sublime 
and last ; and in each degree he will undergo the delays 



228 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

Accepti component. Undevigesimus gradus ac tertius 
et vigesimus gradus Ritus, qui Primcevns vocatur, vigesimus 
ORDINIS erit : vigesimus, ac tertius et vigesimus gradus 
Perfectionis, aut decimus sextus, ac quartus et vigesimus 
Ritus Primcevi, primus et vigesimus, ac octavus et vigesi- 
mus ORDINIS erunt. Principes-Regii-Secreti, in se- 
cundo et trigesimo gradu sese collocabunt, sub Summis- 



qui lui seront imposes conformement aux Instituts, Decrets 
et Reglemens anciens et nouveaux de l'ORDRE, ainsi qu'a 
ceux du Rit de Perfection. 

Le premier Degre sera confere avant le deuxieme, celui- 
ci avant le troisieme et ainsi de suite jusqu'au Degre Sublime 
— le trente-troisieme et dernier — qui surveillera, dirigera 
et gouvernera tous les autres. Un Corps ou Reunion de 
membres possedant ce Degre formera un Supreme Grand 
Conseil, depositaire du Dogme ; il sera le De'fenseur et le 
Conservateur de l'ORDRE qu'il gouvernera et administrera 
conformement aux presentes et aux Constitutions ci-apres 
decretees. 

Tous les Degres des Rites reunis, comme il est dit ci- 
dessus, du premier au dix-huitieme, seront classes parmi 
les Degres du Rit de Perfection dans leur ordre respectif 
et d'apres l'analogie et la similitude qui existent entr'eux ; 
ils formeront les dix-huit premiers Degres du Rit 6c0S- 
SAis Ancien Accepte ; le dix-neuvieme Degre, et le vingt- 
troisieme Degr6 du Rit Primitif formeront le vingt- 
tieme Degre de l'ORDRE. Le vingtieme et le vingt- 
troisieme Degre du Rit de Perfection, soit le seizieme et 
le vingt-quartrieme Degre du Rit Primitif formeront le 
vingt-unieme et le vingt-huitieme Degre de l'ORDRE. 
Les Princes du Royal Secret occuperont le trente-deux- 
ieme Degre, immediatement au-dessous des Souverains 
Grands Inspecteurs G^neraux dont le Degre sera le 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 229 

Magnis-Inspectoribus-Generalibus, qui gradus tertius 
et trigesimus, ac ultimus ORDINIS est. Primus et trige- 
simus gradus Summos-Judices-Commendatores habebit ; Sum- 
mi- Commendatores, Summi-Electi-Equites-Kadosch, trigesi- 
mum gradum component. In tertio et vigesimo, ac quarto 
et vigesimo, quinto et vigesimo, sexto et vigesimo, septimo 
et vigesimo, ac nono et vigesimo gradu, Capita-Tabernaculi, 



and dangers which the Institutes, Decrees and Regulations, 
ancient and modern, of the Order and of Perfection re- 
quire. 

Let the first degree be subordinated to the second, that 
to the third, and so in regular order to the Sublime Degree 
— the thirty-third and last — which will exercise vigilance 
over them, will correct their errors and govern them ; and 
an association or body whereof will be a Supreme Grand 
Council, in matter of doctrine, Defender and Conservator 
of The Order, which it will govern and administer, in ac- 
cordance with the present Constitutions, and those that may 
hereafter be enacted. 

All the degrees of the Rites above aggregated, from the 
first to the eighteenth inclusive, will be placed in the De- 
grees of the Rite of Perfection, each according to its rank, 
and by its analogy and similitude, and are to compose the 
first eighteen degrees of The Ancient and Accepted 
Scottish Rite. The nineteenth degree, and the twenty- 
third of the Rite styled Primitive, will be the twentieth of 
The Order; the twentieth and twenty-third degrees of 
Perfection, or the sixteenth and twenty-fourth of the Primi- 
tive Rite, will be the twenty-first and twenty-eighth of The 
Order. The Princes of the Royal Secret will place 
themselves in the thirty-second degree, next below the 
Sovereign Grand Inspectors General, which is the 
thirty third and last degree of the Order. The thirty-first 
15 



230 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

Principes- Tabernaculi, Equites-Serpentis-ALnei, Principes-Gra- 
tice, Summi-Commendatores-Templi, et Summi-Scoti-Sancti- 
Andrece collocabuntur. 

Eorundem Scotorum Regiminum aggregatorum, omnes 
sublimes gradus, secundum eorum analogiam, vel identita- 
tem, distributi erunt in classes eorum Ordinis respondentes 
in Regimine Ritus-Scotici-Antiqui-Accepti. 



trente-troisieme et dernier de l'ORDRE. Le trente-unieme 
Degre sera celui des Souverains-Juges-Commandeurs. Les 
Grands Coimnandeurs, Grands Elus Chevaliers Kadosch prend- 
ront le trentieme Degre. Les Chefs du Tabernacle^ les 
Princes du Taber?iacle, les Chevaliers du Serpent d'Airain, les 
Princes de Merci, les Grands Cornmandeurs du Temple et les 
Grands Ecossais de Saint-Andre com pose ront respectivement 
le vingt-troisieme, le vingt-quatrieme, le vingt-cinquieme, 
le vingt-sixieme, le vingt-septieme et le vingt-neuvieme 
Degre. 

Tous les sublimes Degres de ces mesmes Systemes Ecos- 
sais reunis seront, d'apresleur analogie ou leur identite, dis- 
tribues dans les classes de leur Ordre qui correspondent au 
regime du Rit Ecossais Ancien Accept^. 

Mais jamais et sous quelque pretexte que ce soit, aucun 
de ces sublimes Degres ne pourra etre assimile au trente- 
troisieme et tres Sublime Degre de Souverain Grand 
Inspecteur General, Protecteur et Conservateur 
be l'ORDRE qui est le dernier du Rit Ancien Accepte 
£cossais, et, dans aucun cas, nul ne pourra jouir des memes 
droits, prerogatives, privileges ou pouvoirs dont nous in- 
vestis^ons ces Inspecteurs. 

Ainsi nous leur conferons la plenitude de la puissance 
supreme et conservatrice. 

Et, afin que la presente ordo inance soit fidelement et a. 
jamais observee, nous commandons a nos Chers, Vaillants 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 23 1 

Sed nunquam, neque ullo prastextu, ullus eorum sublimi- 
ura graduum adsimilari poterit Tertio et Trigesimo et Sub- 
limissimo gradui Supremi-Magni-Inspectoris-Generalis, 
Protectoris, Conservatoris ORDINIS, ultimo ejus- 
dem Antiqui-Accepti-Scotici-Ritus ; nullo in casu po- 
terit quis frui eisdem juribus, praerogativis, privilegiis aut 
facultatibus quibus eos Inspectores Nos insignimus. 



degree will have the Grand Judges-Commanders ; the 
Grand Commanders, Grand Elect Knights Kadosh com- 
pose the thirtieth degree. In the twenty-third, twenty- 
fourth, twenty-fifth, twenty-sixth, twenty-seventh and 
twenty-ninth, will be placed the Chiefs of the Tabernacle, 
the Princes of the Tabernacle, the Knights of the Brazen 
Serpent, the Princes of Courtesy, the Grand Commanders 
of the Temple, and the Grand Ecossais of Saint Andrew. 

All the Sublime Degrees of the same aggregated Scottish 
regimens will, according to their analogy or identity, be 
distributed, in the regimen of the Ancient and Accepted 
Scottish Rite, in classes corresponding with those of 
their own Order. 

But never, nor under any pretext, shall any one of those 
Sublime Degrees be considered as like unto the Thirty-Third 
and most sublime degree of Sovereign Grand Inspect- 
or General, Protector and Conservator of The Or- 
der, the last of the same Ancient and Accepted Scot- 
tish Rite ; in no case shall any one be entitled to enjoy 
the same rights, prerogatives, privileges or faculties, with 
which We do invest those Inspectors. 

So we do institute them in the activity of their Supreme 
and Conservative powers. 

And to the end that this may be fixed and immutable, 
We do command all our well-beloved, valiant and noble 
Knights and Prince-Masons to maintain the same. 



232 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

Sic eos instituimus vigore facultatum supremarum et con- 
servatricium. 

Utque hoc firmum et inconcussum sit, Jubemus omnibus 
nostris Dilectis, Strenuis, Excelsisque Equitibus Principi- 
busque Latomis auxiliarem ei manum prasbere. 



et Sublimes Chevaliers et Princes Macons de veiller a son 
execution. 

Donne* en notre Palais, a Berlin, le jour des Calendes — 
premier — de Mai, Tan de Grace 1786, et de notre Regne 
le 47c. Sig?ie " FRfiD6RIC. ,, 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 



233 



DATUM in Nostra regali Sede Berolini, Calendis Maji, 
Anno Gratis MDCCLXXXVI, Nostri Regni XLVII<> . 

Subscriptum, 

" FREDERICUS." 



Given at our Royal See of Berlin, the kalends (first) of 
May, in the year of Grace, 1786, and of our Reign the 47th. 

(Signed) 

"FREDERIC." 



Universi Terrarnm Orbis Summi Arcliitectonis Gloria ab Ingeuiis 



CONSTITUTIONES ET STATUTA 

MAGNORUM SUPREMORUMQUE CONCILIORUM 

CONSTANTIUM E MAGNIS GENERALIBUS INSPECTORIBUS, PATRONIS, DUCIBUS, 
CONSERVATORIBUS 

ORD1NIS XXXIIi 1 

ULTIMIQUE GRADU3 ANTIQUI-SCOTICI-RITUS-ACCEPTI 

ITEM 

REGUL^ 



Universi Terrarum Orbis Summi Arcliitectonis Gloria ab Ingeniis. 

CONSTITUTIONS ET STATUTS 

DES 

GRANDS ET SUPREMOS CONSEILS 

COMPOSES DES GRANDS INSPECTEURS GENe'raUX, PATRONS, CHEFS ET CONSERYATETTRS 

DE 

L'ORDRE DU 33 E 

ET DERNIER DEGRE DU RITE ECOSSAIS ANCIEN ACCEPTE, 

REGLEMENS 

POUR LE GOUVERNEMENT DE TOUS LES CONSISTOIRES, CONSEILS, COLLEGES, 

CHAPITRES ET AUTRES CORPS MACONNIQUES SOUMIS 

A LA JUR.IDICTION DESDITS CONSEILS. 



AIT NOM DTT TRES SAINT ET GRANT) ARCHITECTS DE I/UNTVER3. 

©rim ab Cjm- 

ijVEC V approbation, en la presence et sous les auspices de son Auguste 
MajestS Frederic (Charles) II., Roi de Prusse Margrave de Brande- 
bourg, etc., ires Puissant Monarque, Grand Protecteur, Grand Com- 
mandeur, etc.. de VORDRE, etc., etc., etc. 
Les Souverains Grands Inspecteurs Generaux, en Supreme Conseil assemble, 
Ont, apres deliberation, sanotionne les DScrets suivants qui sont et seront d per- 
pStuiti leurs CONSTITUTIONS, STATUTS ET REGLEMENS pour U 
gouvernement des Consistoires et autres Ateliers Magonniques soumis a lajuri- 
diction desdits Grands Inspecteurs. 
( a 34) 




CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 



235 



REGENDIS OMNIBUS CONSISTOR1IS, CONCILIIS, COLLEGIIS, 

ALIISQUE SOC1ETATIBUS STRUCTORIIS EORUMDEM 
CONCILIORUM JURISDICTION! SUBJECT1S, 



IN NOMINE SANCTISSIMI ET MAGNI ARCHITECTONIS UNIVER3I. 



(Bxho ab Cljacr. 



CAP17ULIS, 



I ROB ANTE, prcesente, sanciente Augusta Majestate Frederici (CaroK) 
Secundi, Borussice Regis, Margravii Brandeburgensis, etc., Po- 
tentissimi Monarch®, Magni Patroni, Magni Commendatoris, etc., 
0RDINI8. etc., etc., etc. 
Magni Inspectores Supremi Universales in Supremo ConcUio 
habito deliberaverunt, sanciveruntque infra exarata Decreta, qum sunt perpe- 
tudque erunt eorum CONST1TUT10NES, STATUTA et REGULvEregendis 
Consistoriis, aliisque Societatibus structoriis eorumdem Magnorum Inspectorum 
jurisdictioni subjectis. 




Universi Terrarum Orbis Summi Architectonis Gloria ab Ingeniis. 

CONSTITUTIONS AND STATUTES 

OF THE 

GRAND AND SUPREME COUNCILS 

COMPOSED OF THE GRAND INSPECTORS GENERAL, PATRONS, CHIEFS AND CONSERVATORS 

OF THE 

ORDER 

OF THE 33d AND LAST DEGREE OF THE ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE; 

AND 



REGULATIONS 



FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF ALL CONSISTORIES, COUNCILS, COLLEGES, CHAP- 
TERS AND OTHER MASONIC BODIES UNDER THE JURISDIC- 
TION OF SUCH COUNCILS. 



IN THE NAME OF THE MOST HOLT AND GRAND ARCHITECT OF THE UNIVERSE. 



©rkr nh <%0, 




ITH the approval, in the presence, and with the sanction of Bis August 
Majesty Frederic {Charles) the Second, King of Prussia, Margrave 
of Brandenburg, etc, Most Potent Monarch, Grand Patron, 
Grand Commander, etc, of the ORDER, etc, etc., etc. 
The Grand Supreme Universal Inspectors, in constituted Supreme Council, 
have determined and ordained the Decretals hereunder written, which are and 
forever shall be their CONSTITUTIONS, STATUTES and REGULA- 
TIONS, for the government of the Consistories and other Masonic Bodies, 
placed under the jurisdiction of the said Grand Inspectors. 



236 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

ARTICULUS I. 

Constitutionum, Statutorum, Regularumque factorum 
Anno MDCCLXII per novem Delegatos a Magnis Con- 
ciliis Principum Structorum a Regio Arcano, articuli 
omnes qui hisce non adversantur sanctionibus, servantur, 
et observandi erunt ; qui autem adversabuntur, abrogantur, 
et pro expresse sublatis habentur. 

ARTICULUS II. 
§ I. Gradus XXXIII, iis Structoribus qui eo legitime 



ARTICLE I. 

Tous les articles des Constitutions, Statuts et Regie- 
mens rediges en l'annee 1762 par les neuf Commissaires des 
Grands Conseils des Princes Macons du Royal Secret, qui 
ne sont pas contraires aux presentes dispositions, sont main- 
tenus et devront etre observes ; ceux qui y sont contraires 
sont abroges et consideres comme expressement abolis. 

ARTICLE II. 

§ I. Le trente-troisieme Degre confere aux Macons qui 
en sont legitimement revetus la qualite, le titre, le privilege 
et l'autorit6 de Souverains Grands Inspecteurs Generaux 
de l'ORDRE. 

§ II. L'objet particulier de leur mission est d'instruire 
et d'eclairer leurs Freres ; de faire regner parmi eux la 
Charite, TUnion et l'Amour fraternel ; de maintenir la 
regularite dans les travaux de chaque Degr6 et de veiller 
a ce qu'elle soit observee par tous les Membres ; de faire 
respecter, et, dans toutes les occasions, de respecter et de 
defendre les Dogmes, les Doctrines, les Instituts, les Con- 
stitutions, les Statuts et les Reglemens de l'ORDRE, et 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 237 

ornati sunt, qualitatem, titulum, privilegium, auctoritatem- 
que tribuit Supremorum Magnorum Generalium Ordinis 
Inspectorum. 

§ II. Eorum missionis peculiare officium est fratres do- 
cendi, et illuminandi ; Caritatem, Unionem et fraternum 
Amorem inter eos conservandi ; regularitatem in operibus 
cujuscumque gradus servandi, utque ab aliis conser- 
vetur curandi ; Dogmata, Doctrinas, Instituta, Constitu- 
tiones, Statuta et Regulas ORDINIS, ea praecipue Sub- 
limis Latomiae, ut observantia colantur efficiendi, eaque 
in occasione qualibet servandi et defendendi ; in operi- 



ARTICLE I. 

All the Articles of the Constitutions, Statutes, and Reg- 
ulations made in the year 1762, by the Nine Delegates 
from the Grand Councils of Princes-Masons of the Royal 
Secret, which are not contrary to these present Ordinances, 
are preserved in force and shall be observed ; but such as 
shall conflict herewith, are abrogated, and are held to be 
expressly repealed. 



ARTICLE II. 

§ I. The XXXIII d Degree confers on those Masons who 
are legitimately invested therewith, the quality, title, priv- 
ilege and authority of Sovereign Grand Inspectors Gene- 
ral of The Order. 

§ II. The peculiar duties of their mission are, that of 
teaching and enlightening the Brethren ; that of preserving 
among them Charity, Union and Brotherly Love ; that of 
maintaining regularity in the labors of each degree, and 
of taking care that it be maintained by others ; that of 
causing the Dogmas, Doctrines, Institutes, Constitutions, 
Statutes and Regulations of The Order, and especially 



238 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

bus denique Pacis, et Misericordiae se ubicumque exer- 
cendi. 

§ III. Coetus virorum ex eodem gradu, dictus CONCIL- 
IUM TRIGESIMI TERTII sive Potentium Magnorum 
Generalium Inspectorum ORDINIS constat, etordinatus 
est prout infra. 

i°. In locis aptis Supremo hujus gradus Concilio 
possidendo illi ex Inspectoribus, qui sua admissione 
antiquissimus, per hasc Decreta facultas tribuitur ad 
eum auctoritatis gradum alium fratrem elevandi, vadem 
se faciendo, quod is charactere, scientia, gradibusque 



principalement ceux de la Haute Magonnerie, et enfin de 
s'appliquer, en tous lieux, a faire des ceuvres de Paix et de 
Misericorde. 

§ III. Une reunion de membres de ce grade prend le titre 
de CONSEIL DU TRENTE-TROISlfeME DEGRE ou 
des Puissants Grands Inspecteurs Gen£raux de 1'OR- 
DRE ; ce Conseil se forme et se compose comme suit : 

1°. Dans les lieux propres a l'etablissement d'un Supreme 
Conseil de ce Degre, l'lnspecteur le plus ancien en grade 
est, par les presentes, autorise a 61ever un autre Frere a la 
me me dignite, apres s'etre assure que celui-cil'a reellement 
meritee par son caractere, son instruction et les grades 
dont il est revetu, et il lui administrera le serment. 

2°. Ces deux Freres conf6reront ensemble, et de la memo 
maniere, le grade a un autre membre. 

§ IV. Le Supreme Conseil sera alors constitue. 

Mais aucun des autres Candidats ne sera admis, s'il n'ob- 
tient Tunanimite des suffrages, chaque membre donnant son 
vote de vive voix, en commencant par le plus jeune, c'est-a- 
dire, par le dernier regu. 

Le vote n6gatif d'un seul des membres deliberants, si 
ses raisons sont jugees suffisantes, fera rejeter le Can- 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 239 

id vere promeruerit ; electique sacramentum ille exci- 
piet. 

2 . Hi duo simul eumdem gradum alii viro eadem lege 
tribuent. 

§ IV. Ita Supremum Concilium constabit. 

Ex casteris autem Candidatis, nemo admittetur, ni- 
si omnium suffragiorum puncta tulerit, iis suffra- 
giis ab unoquoque viro viva voce latis, incipiendo a 
ferentium juniore, nempe a nuperrime omnium ad- 
scripto. 

Unius ex deliberantibus intercessio, si causa sufficiens 



those of the Sublime Masonry, to be reverently regarded ; 
and of preserving and defending them under all circum- 
stances ; and that, finally, of everywhere occupying them- 
selves with works of Peace and Compassion. 

§ III. A Congress of men of that degree, styled a Council 
of the Thirty Third, or of Puissant Grand Inspectors Gen- 
eral of The Order, is established and organized as follows : 

1. In places that may properly possess a Supreme Coun- 
cil of this Degree, power is by these Decretals conferred 
on that one of the Inspectors who has been longest admitted, 
to elevate to that Degree of Dignity, another Brother, be- 
coming guarantee for him that he is, by character, knowl- 
edge and his degrees, really deserving of it ; and he shall 
receive the oath of the person so elected. 

2. These two may jointly confer the same degree upon 
another person in the same manner. 

§ IV. So a Supreme Council will be established. 

But of the subsequent Candidates, no one is to be admit- 
ted, unless he shall have in his favor a unanimous vote, 
given by each member viva voce, beginning with the young- 
est of the voters, that is, with the one last received. 

The protest of one of those who are to decide, if the cause 



240 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

judicabitur, Candidatum rejiciendi vim habebit. In qua- 
libet simili occasione hasc lex servabitur. 

ARTICULUS III. 

§ I. In ejusmodo regione, ut supra, qui duo primi in eum 
gradum cooptati fuerint, primarii duo officiates Supremi 
Co^ciiAi proprio jure erunt : scilicet Potentissimus Monar- 
cha Magnus Commendator, et Illustrissimus Vicarius-Mag- 
nus Commendator. 

§ II. Si eorum primus obeat, abdicet dignitatem, vel e 
loco, nunquam rediturus, migret, ei succedet secundus ; 



didat. Cette regie sera observee dans tous lcs cas ana- 
logues. 

ARTICLE III. 

§ I. Dans les lieux ci-dessus designes, les deux Freres 
qui, les premiers, auront et6 eleves a ce grade, seront, de 
droit, les deux premiers Officiers du Supreme Conseil, 
savoir : le tres Puissant Monarque Grand Commandeur, et 
le tres Illustre Lieutenant Grand Commandeur. 

§ II. Si le premier de ces Officiers vient a mourir, s'il 
abdique, ou s'il s'absente, pour ne plus revenir, il sera rem- 
place par le second Officier qui choisira son successeur 
parmi les autres Grands Inspecteurs. 

§ III. Si le second Officier abdique, s'il meurt ou s'il 
s'61oigne pour toujours, le premier Officier lui donnera pour 
successeur un autre Frere du meme grade. 

§ IV. Le tres Puissant Monarque nommera 6galement 
l'lllustre Ministre d'fitat du Saint Empire, l'lllustre Grand- 
Maitre des Ceremonies et l'lllustre Capitaine des Gardes; 
et il designera, de la meme maniere, des Freres pour 
remplir les autres emplois vacants ou qui pourront le 
devenir. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 241 

isque in jam suum officium alium Magnum Inspectorem 
sibi subrogabit. 

§ III. Si secundus Magistratus officium dimittit, diem 
obit, vel perpetuo absens fit, successionem in ejus officium 
primus Magistratus alteri ejusdem gradus fratri destin- 
abit. 

§ IV. Potentissimus Monarcha pariter eliget Illustrem 
Ministrum Status Sancti Imperii, Illustrem Cseremoniarum 
Magnum Magistrum, Illustrem Custodiarum Ducem ; des- 
tinabitque eodem modo viros cseteris muneribus quse vacua 
erunt, vel esse poterunt. 



thereof is decided to be sufficient, will have the effect of re- 
jecting the Candidate. In every like case this law will 
govern. 

ARTICLE III. 

§ I. In such a region as above, the two who shall first 
have been received in that degree, shall be of right the first 
two officials of The Supreme Council; to wit, the Most 
Puissant Monarch Grand Commander, and the Most Illus- 
trious Lieutenant Grand Commander. 

§ II. If the first of these die, abdicate his office, or re- 
move from the place, not to return, the second will suc- 
ceed him, and will thereupon subrogate to himself another 
Grand Inspector in his office. 

§ III. If the second Magistrate resigns his office, dies, or 
removes not to return, the first Magistrate shall confer the 
succession to his office upon another Brother of the same 
degree. 

§ IV. The Most Puissant Monarch shall likewise select 
the Illustrious Minister of State of the Holy Empire, the 
Illustrious Grand Master of the Ceremonies, the Illustrious 
Captain of the Guards ; and shall, in like manner, appoint 



242 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

ARTICULUS IV. 

QuiSQUE Structor qui, dotibus et idoneitate quae re- 
quiruntur, ornatus, in eum Sublimem Gradum adscribetur, 
solvet antea in manibus Illustrissimi Thesaurarii Sancti 
Imperii, dotationem decern Fredericorum aureorum, sive vete- 
mm aureorum Ludovicorum, aut quod in moneta loci tantum- 
dem valeat. 

Quando trigesimo gradui, vel trigesimo primo, vel trigesi- 
mo secundo aliquis fratrum initiabitur, ab eo pro quolibet 
gradu eadem pecuniae summa, iisdem modo et titulo, exigetur. 



ARTICLE IV. 

Tout Magon qui, possedant les qualites et les capacites 
requises, sera eleve a ce Grade Sublime, paiera prealable- 
ment, entre les mains du tres Illustre Tresorier du Saint 
Empire, une contribution de dix Frederics d' or ou de dix 
Louis d'or, monnaie ancienne, ou Equivalent en argent du 
pays. 

Lorsqu'un Frere sera initie au trentieme, au trente- 
unieme ou au trente-deuxieme Degre, on exigera de lui 
une somme de pareille valeur et meme titre, pour chaque 
grade. 

Le Supreme Conseil surveillera l'administration de ces 
fonds et en disposera dans l'interet de TORDRE. . 

article v. 

§ I. Tout Supreme Conseil se composera de ncuf 
Souverains Grands Inspecteurs Generaux du trente-trois- 
ieme Degre, dont quatre, au moins, devront professer la 
religion dominante du pays. 

§11. Lorsque le tres Puissant Monarque Grand Comman- 
deur et le Lieutenant Grand Commandeur de l'ORDRE 
sont presents, trois membres suffisent pour composer le 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 243 

Supremum Concilium ad hanc administrationem advi- 
gilabit, summarumque usura pro ORDINIS utilitate di- 
riget. 

ARTICULUS V. 

§ I. Supremum Concilium quodlibetconstabit ex novem 
Magnis-Tnspectoribus-Generalibus XXXIII 1 gradus, quo- 
rum saltern quatuor maxime extentam religionem profiteri 
debebunt. 

§ II. Ubi Potentissimus Monarcha Magnus Commenda- 
tor, et Locum-tenens Magnus Commendator ORDINIS 



persons to the other offices, that shall be or may become 
vacant. 

ARTICLE IV. 

Every Mason, who, being possessed of the endowments 
and fitness that are required, may be received in that Sub- 
lime Degree, shall first pay into the hands of the Most Illus- 
trious Treasurer of the Holy Empire, a dotation of ten 
Frederics-d'or, or ten Louis-d'or of the old issue, or what, 
in the money of the place where, shall be equivalent 
thereto. 

When any one of the Brethren shall be initiated into the 
thirtieth degree, the thirty-first or the thirty-second, the 
same sum of money shall be required of him for each de- 
gree, in the same amount and coin. 

The Supreme Council will be charged with the adminis- 
tration of these moneys, and direct the use thereof for the 
benefit of the Order. 

article v. 

§ I. Every Supreme Council will consist of nine Grand 
Inspectors General, of the 33d degree ; of whom at least 
four ought to profess the prevailing religion. 



244 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

adsint, tribus Membris Concilium efficitur, satisque est ad 
ORDINIS negotia gerenda. 

§ III. In Europas magna quaque Natione, unoquoque 
Regno aut Imperio, unicum Supremum Concilium ejusdem 
gradus erit. 

In Statibus et Provinciis, ex quibus, tam in Continenti 
terra quam in Insulis, Septentrionalis America constat, duo 
erunt Concilia, unum ab altero tam longe sita, quam fieri 
poterit. 

Item in Statibus Provinciisque, seu in Continenti terra, 
seu in Insulis, Meridionalem Americam componentibus, 



Supreme Conseil et pour l'expedition des affaires de T 
ORDRE. 

§ III. Dans chaque grande Nation, Royaume ou Empire 
d'Europe, il n'y aura qu'un seul Supreme Conseil de ce 
grade. 

Dans les Etats et Provinces dont se compose l'Amerique 
Septentrionale, soit sur le continent, soit dans les lies, il y 
aura deux Conseils, aussi eloignes qui possible l'un de Y 
autre. 

Dans les fitats et Provinces dont se compose l'Amerique 
Meridionale, soit sur le continent, soit dans les iles, il y aura 
egalement deux Conseils, aussi eloignes que possible Tun 
de l'autre. 

II n'y aura qu'un seul Supreme Conseil dans chaque Em- 
pire, Etat Souverain au Royaume d'Asie, d'Afrique, etc., 
etc. 

ARTICLE VI. 

Le Supreme Conseil n'exerce pas toujours directement 
son autorite sur les Degres au-dessous du dix-septieme ou 
Chevalier d' Orient d' Occident. D'apres les circonstances 
et les localit6s, il peut la deleguer meme tacitement; mais 
son droit est imprescriptible, et toutes les Loges et tous les 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 245 

duo quoque Concilia erunt, unura ab altero quam fieri po- 
tent, remotissima. 

Unum tantum erit in quolibet Imperio, Statu Supremo, 
aut Regno, in Asia, in Africa, etc., etc. 



ARTICULUS VI. 

Supremum Concilium non semper auctoritatem suam 
directe excercet in gradus subter XVII m , seu Orientis et 
Occidentis Equitem. Prout conveniet, et secundum loca 
potest earn demandare, idque etiam tacite ; sed suum jus 



§ II. When the Most Puissant Monarch, Grand Com- 
mander and the Lieutenant Grand Commander of the 
Order are present, with three members, there is a Council 
complete, and it is competent to transact the business of 
the Order. 

§ III. In each great nation of Europe, and in each King- 
dom or Empire, there shall be a single Council of the 
said degree. 

In the States and Provinces, as well on the Continent 
as in the Islands, whereof North America consists, there 
will be two Councils, one at as great a distance from the 
other as may be possible. 

Also, in the States and Provinces, whether on the Con- 
tinent or in the Islands, whereof South America consists, 
there will likewise be two Councils, one at as great a dis- 
tance from the other as may be possible. 

There will be one only in each Empire, Sovereign State 
or Kingdom, in Asia, in Africa, etc., etc. 

ARTICLE VI. 

The Supreme Council need not always exercise its au- 
thority directly, over the degrees below the 17th, or Knight 
16 



246 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

imprasscriptibile est ; eta qualibet Latomia et a Concilio 
quolibet Perfectorum Structorum cujuscumque gradus fu- 
erit, praesentes requirunt, ut in trigesimi tertii gradus viris, 
munus Magnorum Generalium ORDINIS Inspectorum 
agnoscant, illorum prasrogativas observent, debitum honor- 
em illis tribuant, iis obediant, denique ut cum fiducia, pos- 
tulatis omnibus obsequantur, quae ab illis fieri poterint, pro 
ORDINIS commoditate, in vim ejus legum, praesentium 
Magnarum Constitutionum, munerumque iis Inspectoribus 
propriorum, sive generalium, sive specialium, temporalium 
etiam et personalium. 



Conseils de Parfaits Masons, de quelque degre que ce soit, 
sont, par les presentes, requis de reconnaitre, dans ceux qui 
sont revetus du trente-troisieme Degre, l'autorite des Souv- 
erains Grands Inspectenrs Generaux de 1'ORDRE, de res- 
pecteur leurs prerogatives, de leur rendre les honneurs qui 
leur sont dus, de leur obeir, et enfin, de deferer avec con- 
iiance a toutes les demandes qu'ils pourraient formuler pour 
le bien de 1'ORDRE, en vertu de ses lois, des presentes 
'Grandes Constitutions et de l'autorite devolue a ces Inspect- 
eurs, que cette autorite soit generale ou speciale, ou meme 
temporaire et personelle, 

ARTICLE VII. 

Tout Conseil et tout Macon d'un grade au-dessus du 
seizieme, ont le droit d'en appeler au Supreme Conseil 
des Souverains Grands Inspecteurs G6neraux, qui poarra 
leur permettre de se presenter devant lui et de se faire 
entendre en personne. 

Quand il s'agira d'une affaire d'honneur entre des Ma- 
sons, de quelque grade qu'ils soient, la cause sera portee 
directement devant le Supreme Conseil qui decidera en 
premiere et derniere instance. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 247 

- ARTICULUS VII. 

Omnia Concilia, Structoresque omnes in gradu supra 
XVI m constituti, jus habent Supremum Concilium Supre- 
morum Inspectorum appellandi ; quod permittere poterit 
appellantes praesto adesse, prassentesque audiri. 

Ubi de honore contentio sit inter Structores, cujuscumque 
gradus sint, causa directe fereturad Supremum CONCILIUM 
quod in prima eademque ultima instantia judicabit. 

ARTICULUS VIII. 

Magnum Consistorium Principum Structorum a Regio 



of the East and West. According as it may be convenient, 
and as locality may require, it may delegate that authority, 
even tacitly ; but its right is imprescriptible ; and these 
Presents do require of every Lodge and Council of Per- 
fect Masons, of whatever degree it may be, that in persons 
of the 33d degree, they do recognize the office of Grand 
Inspectors General of the Order, do respect their prero- 
gatives, do pay them due honor, do obey them, and, finally, 
do faithfully comply with all the requirements that may em- 
anate from them, for the benefit of The Order, by virtue 
of its laws, the present Grand Constitutions, and the func- 
tions belonging to those Inspectors, whether general or 
special, and even temporary and personal. 

article vii. 

All Councils, and all Masons in possession of any degree 
above the 16th, have the right of appealing to the Supreme 
Council of Sovereign Inspectors ; which may permit the 
appellants personally to appear, and being before it to be 
heard. 

When there is a controversy as to office among Masons, 
of whatsoever degree they may be, the cause shall be ori- 



248 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

Arcano, trigesimi secundi gradus, virum ex proprio ordine 
in praesidem sibi eliget ; sed, quocumque in casu, ex ejus 
nullum Consistorii actis vim habebit nisi prsevia. sanctione 
Supremi Concilii XXXIII 1 gradus, quod, Augustae Ma- 
jestatis Rege, Potentissimo Monarcha, Commendatore 
Universali ORDINIS vita functo, in Suprema. Structoria 
auctoritate haares erit, ad earn exercendam in amplitudine 
Status, Regni, aut Imperii pro quo fuerit instituta. 

ARTICULUS IX. 
In regione subjecta jurisdictioni Supremi Concilii Su- 



ARTICLE VIII. 

Un Grand Consistoire de Princes Magons du Royal 
Secret choisira son President parmi les membres du trente- 
deuxieme degre qui le composent ; mais, dans tous les cas, 
les actes d'un Grand Consistoire n'auront de valeur qu'au- 
tant qu'ils auront ete prealablement sanctionnes par le 
Supreme Conseil du trente-troisieme Degre, qui, apres la 
mort de son Auguste Majest6 le Roi, tres Puissant Mon- 
arque et Commandeur General de l'ORDRE, heritera de 
l'autorite Supreme Maconnique et l'exercera dans toute 
l'etendue de l'Etat, du Royaume ou de l'Empire qui aura 
6te place sous sa juridiction. 

ARTICLE IX. 

Dans les pays soumis a la juridiction d'un Supreme 
Conseil de Souverains Grand Inspecteurs Generaux, 
"regulierement constitue et reconnn par tous les autres Su- 
preme Conseils, aucun Souverain Grand Inspecteur Gen- 
eral ou Depute Inspecteur General ne pourra faire usage 
de son autorite, a moins qu'il n'ait ete reconnu par ce 
meme Supreme Conseil et qu'il n'ait obtenu son appro- 
bation. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 249 

premorum Generalium Inspectorum, debits constituti, ab 
aliisque omnibus recogniti, nullus Supremus Magnus In- 
spector Generalis, aut Delegatus-Tnspector-Generalis, sua 
auctoritate uti poterit, nisi ipse ab eodem SUPREMO CON- 
CILIO recognitus approbatusque fuerit. 

ARTICULUS X. 

NULLUS Deputatus-Inspcctor-Generalis, seu jam admis- 
sus et Diplomate insignitus, seu qui juxta hanc Constitu- 
tionem in posterum admittetur, poterit singulari sua auc- 
toritate conferre gradum Equitis Kadosch, seu superiorem 



ginally brought into the Supreme Council, which shall 
adjudicate it, both in the first instance and finally. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

A Grand Consistory of Princes-Masons of the Royal 
Secret, of the 32d Degree, may elect one of its own degree 
to be its President ; but in no case whatever shall any of 
the acts of such Consistory have force, without the previ- 
ous sanction of the Supreme Council of the 33d degree ; 
which, upon the death of His August Majesty, the King, 
Most Puissant Monarch, Universal Commander of the Or- 
der, will inherit the Supreme Masonic authorit} 7 , to be ex- 
ercised by it throughout the whole extent of the State, 
Kingdom, or Empire for which it was constituted. 

ARTICLE IX. 

In a country under the jurisdiction of a Supreme Coun- 
cil of Sovereign Inspectors General, duly constituted, and 
recognized by all others, no Sovereign Grand Inspector 
General, or Delegate Inspector General can exercise his 
individual powers, unless he shall have been recognized 
and confirmed by the same Supreme Council. 



250 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

illi, vel de ea re Diplomata alicui, quicumque sit, conce- 
dere. 

ARTICULUS XI. 

Gradus Equitis Kadosch, item XXXI s et XXXII s , non 
tribuentur nisi Structoribus, qui iis digni fuerint judicati, 
prsesentibusque saltern tribus Supremis Magnis Inspectori- 
bus Generalibus. 

ARTICULUS XII. 

In eo puncto temporis quo Sanctissimo Magnoque Uni- 



ARTICLE X. 

AUCUN D6put6-Inspecteur-General, soit qu'il ait ete deja 
admis et pourvu d'une patente, soit qu'en vertu des pre- 
serves Constitutions il soit ulterieurement admis, ne pourra, 
de son autorite priv6e, conferer a qui que ce soit le Degre 
de Chevalier Kadosch ou tout autre degre superieur, ni en 
donner des patentes. 

ARTICLE XL 

Le Degre de Chevalier Kadosch, ainsi que le trente- 
unieme et le trente-deuxieme Degre, ne sera confere 
qu'a des Magons qui en auront ete jug6s dignes, et ce, 
en presence de trois Souverains Grands Inspecteurs 
Gdneraux au moins. 

ARTICLE XII. 

Lorsqu'il plaira au tres Saint et Grand Arohitecte de 
l'Univers d'appeler a LUI son Auguste Majeste le Roi, 
tres Puissant Souverain Grand Protecteur, Commandeur 
et Veritable Conservateur de l'ORDRE, etc., etc., etc., 
chaque Supreme Conseil de Souverains Grands Inspect- 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 25 1 

versi Architecto placebit ad se vocare Augustas Majestatis 
Regem, Potentissimum Supremum Magnum ORDINIS 
Patronum, Commendatorem, Verumque Conservatorem, 
etc., etc., etc., unumquodque Supremum Concilium Su- 
premorum Majorum Generalium Inspectorum, seu nunc 
debite constitutum et recognitum, seu quod in vim horum 
Statutorum institutum recognitumque in posterum fuerit, 
fiet pleno jure legitime prseditum tota ilia Structoria Auc- 
toritate quam nunc Augusta Majestas Sua possidet ; eaque 
auctoritate Concilium quodque utetur cum opus fuerit et 
ubicumque, in tota amplitudine regionis suaa Jurisdiction! 



ARTICLE X. 

No Deputy Inspector General, whether heretofore ad- 
mitted, and accredited by Diploma, or whether hereafter 
admitted, in accordance with this Constitution, will have 
the power, of his own individual authority, to confer the 
degree of Knight Kadosh, or any degree above that, or for 
the same to grant Diploma, to any person whomsoever. 

ARTICLE XI. 

The degree of Knight Kadosh, and also the 31st and 32d, 
are not to be given, except to Masons who may have been 
adjudged worthy of them, nor unless there are present at 
least three Sovereign Grand Inspectors General. 

ARTICLE XII. 

At whatever moment of time it shall please the Most 
Holy and Grand Architect of the Universe to call to him- 
self His August Majesty, the King, the Most Puissant Sov- 
ereign Grand Patron, Commander and True Defender, etc., 
etc., etc., of The Order, each Supreme Council of Sov- 
ereign Grand Inspectors General, whether now duly con- 



252 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

subjectae ; cumque vel quoad Diplomata, vel quoad Auc- 
toritatem Inspectorum Generalium Deputatorum, vel 
quoad aliud, causa ad protestandum de illegalitate emer- 
get, relatio de hoc net, quaa Supremis Conciliis Uni- 
versis amborum Hemisphaeriorum mittetur. 

ARTICULUS XIII. 

§ I. Supremum Concilium XXXIII 1 gradus poterit 
tmum pluresve e suis membris Supremis Magnis Inspec- 
toribus Generalibus ORDINIS, Legatos mittere fundatum, 
constitutum, firmatum Concilium ejusdem Gradus in aliqui 



eurs Generaux, d6ja regulierement constitute et reconnu, 
ou qui serait ulterieurement constitue" et reconnu en vertu 
des presents Statuts, sera, de plein droit, legitimement in- 
vesti de toute l'autorite Magonnique dont son Auguste 
Majeste est actuellement revetue. Chaque Supreme Con- 
SEIL exercera cette autorite lorsqu'il sera necessaire et en 
quelque lieu que ce soit, dans toute l'etendue du pays 
soumis a sa juridiction ; et si, pour cause d'illegalite, il y a 
lieu de protester, soit qu'il s'agisse des Patentes ou des 
pouvoirs accordes aux Deputes Inspecteurs Generaux, ou 
de tout autre sujet, on en fera un rapport qui sera adresse 
a tous les Supremes Conseils des deux hemispheres. 

ARTICLE XIII. 

§ I. Tout Supreme Conseil du trente-troisieme Degr6 
pourra deleguer un ou plusieurs des Souverains Grands 
Inspecteurs G6neraux de l'ORDRE qui le composent, pour 
fonder, constituer et 6tablir un Conseil du m£me degr6 
dans tous les pays mentionn^s dans les presents Statuts, a 
la condition qu'ils ob^iront ponctuellement a ce qui est 
stipule dans le troisieme paragraphe de l'article II ci-dessus, 
ainsi qu'aux autres dispositions de lapresente Constitution. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 253 

regionum in hisce Statutis descriptarum ; ea lege ut ii ac- 
curate pareant eo quod in tertio paragrapho praecedentis 
Articuli secundi decretum est, aliisque Constitutionis hujus 
sanctionibus. 

§ II. Poterit quoque eisdem Legatis facultatem tribuere 
emittendi Diplomata delegantia Deputatis Inspectoribus- 
Generalibus — saltern gradibus omnibus Equitis Kadosch 
regulariter insignitis, — partem plenarum facultatum, ut 
possint statuere, dirigere, et observare Latomias, et Con- 
cilia gradu a IV° ad XIX m inclusive, in locis ubi non erunt 
Sublimis Gradtis Latomice vel Concilia legitime instituta. 



stituted and recognized, or that by virtue of these Statutes 
may be hereafter instituted and recognized, will of full 
right become legitimately endowed with all Masonic au- 
thority, whereof His August Majesty is now possessed ; 
and each Council will exercise that authority, whenever ne- 
cessary, and everywhere, throughout the whole extent of 
the country under its jurisdiction ; and whenever, either in 
regard to diplomas, or to the authority of Deputy Inspectors 
General, or to any other matter whatever, cause may arise 
for protest on the ground of illegality, a statement of the 
matter shall be made, and transmitted to all the Supreme 
Councils of both Hemispheres. 

ARTICLE XIII. 

§ I. A Supreme Council of the 33d Degree may send 
one or more of its members, Sovereign Grand Inspectors 
General of the Order, as Legates, to found, constitute 
and establish a Council of the same degree, in any of the 
Countries mentioned in these Statutes ; upon the express 
condition that they punctually obey that which is decreed 
in the third paragraph of the preceding second Article, 
and by the other dispositions of this Constitution. 



254 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

§ III. Rituale manuscriptum Sublimium Graduum nem- 
ini alii tradetur quam duobus primis cujusque Concilii Offi- 
cialibus, vel fratri qui in aliquam regionem mittetur ut 
eorumdem Concilium ibi instituat. 



, ARTICULUS XIV. 

In qualibet Sublimium Graduum casremonia structori&, 
et solemni virorum in iis gradibus constitutorum processu, 
Supremum Concilium cseteros sequetur, omniumque 
membrorum ultimi crunt primarii duo Magistratus ; hosque 



§ II. Le Supreme Conseil pourra egalement donner a 
ces Deputes le pouvoir d'accorder des patentes aux De- 
putes Inspecteurs Generaux, qui devront au moins avoir 
recu regulierement tous les degres que possede un Che- 
valier Kadosch, leur deleguant telle portion de leur autorite 
supreme qu'il sera necessaire pour constituer, diriger et 
surveiller les Loges et les Conseils, du quatrieme au vingt- 
neuvieme Degre inclusivement, dans les pays ok il r?y aura 
point d ateliers ou de Conseils du Sublime Degre legalement 
constitues. 

§ III. Le Rituel manuscrit des Sublimes Degres ne sera 
confie qu'aux deux premiers Officiers de chaque Conseil ou 
qu'a un Frere charge de constituer un Conseil des memes 
Degres dans un autre pays. 

ARTICLE XIV. 

Dans toute c6remonie maconnique des Sublimes Degres 
et dans toute procession solennelle de Macons possedant 
ces degres, le Supreme Conseil marchera le dernier, et les 
deux premiers Officiers se placeront apres tous les autres 
membres et seront immediatement precedes du grand 
Etendard et du Glaive de l'ORDRE. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 255 

Magnum Vexillum, et Gladius ORDINIS immediate pre- 
cedent. 

ARTICULUS XV. 

§ I. Supremum Concilium regulariter haberi debet per 
triduum quo tertium quodque novilunium incipit ; frequen- 
tius convocabitur, si id negotia ORDINIS postulent eorum- 
que transactio urgeat. 

§ II. Ultra magnos solemnesque festos ORDINIS dies, 
Supremum Concilium quoque anno sibi peculiares tres 
sacros habebit ; nempe Calendas Octobris, vigesimum 
septimum Decembris, Calendasque Majas. 



g II. It may also confer upon such Legates the power to 
grant Diplomas delegating to Deputy Inspectors General, 
regularly invested with all the degrees of a Knight Kadosh, 
at least, such portion of their own plenary powers, that they 
may have authority to establish, regulate and superintend 
Lodges and Councils, from the 4th degree to the 29th in- 
clusive, in places where there may not be Lodges of the Sublime 
Degree, or Councils, legitimately instituted. 

§ III. The manuscript Ritual of the Sublime Degrees 
is to be placed in the hands of no other persons than the 
two first officials of each Council, or of the Brother who 
may be sent into some country to establish therein a Coun- 
cil of those Degrees. 



ARTICLE XIV. 

In every Masonic ceremony whatever of the Sublime 
Degrees, and every solemn procession of persons consti- 
tuted in those degrees, the Supreme Council is to be in the 
rear of the others, and the last of all the members will be 
the first two Magistrates; and the Great Standard and the 
Sword of the Order will immediately precede them. 



256 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

ARTICULUS XVI. 

§ I. SUPREMUS quisque Inspector-Magnus-Generalis ut 
agnoscatur, privilegiisque XXXIII gradui annexis frui 
possit, prasditus erit Patentibus et Credentialibus Litteris 
emissis ad normam praescripti in ejusdem gradus Rituali ; 
quas Litterae ipsi tradentur ea conditione ut solvat The- 
sauro Sancti Imperii pretium quod Supremum Concil- 
ium unumquodque pro sua jurisdictione, ubi primum 
institutura merit, taxabit. Solvet item is Magnus-Su- 
premus-Inspector-Generalis Illustri Viro ab epistolis, in 



article xv. 

§ I. Un Supreme Conseil doit se r6unir regulierement 
dans les trois premiers jours de chaque troisieme nouvelle 
lune ; il s'assemblera plus souvent, si les affaires de l'OR- 
DRE l'exigent et si l'expedition en est urgente. 

§ II. Outre les grandes fetes solennelles de l'ORDRE, le 
Supreme Conseil en aura trois particulieres chaque annee, 
savoir: le jour des Calendes (premier) d'Octobre, le vingt- 
sept de Decembre et le jour des Calendes (premier) de 
Mai. 

article xvi. 

§ I. Pour etre reconnu et pour jouir des privileges at- 
taches au trente-troisieme Degre, chaque Souverain Grand 
Inspecteurs General sera muni de Patentes et de lettres de 
Creance dont le modele se trouve dans le Rituel du Degre. 
Ces Lettres lui seront- delivrees a la condition de verser 
dans le Tresor du Saint Empire la somme que chaque Su- 
preme Conseil fixera pour sa juridiction aussitot qu'il 
aura ete constitue. Ledit Souverain Grand Inspecteur 
General paiera egalement un Frederic, ou un Louis, mon- 
naie ancienne, ou l'equivalent en argent du pays, a l'lllustre 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 257 

praemium laboris pro expeditione Litterarum et apposi- 
tionis Sigilli, unum Fredericum, sive veterem Ludovi- 
cum, vel id pecuniae, quod in moneta loci tantumdem 
valeat. 

§ II. Quilibet Magnus Inspector Generalis habebit in- 
super suorum actorum codicem, cujus quasque pagina 
numero distincta sit ; prima insuper atque ultima speciali 
adnotatione tales esse designabuntur. In eo codice inscribi 
debebunt Magna? Constitutiones, Statuta et Generales 
Regulas Sublimis Structoriae Artis. 

Inspector ipse tenebitur ad ordinate describendum in eo 



ARTICLE XV. 

§ I. A Supreme Council is regularly to be held during 
the three days wherewith each third new moon commences ; 
and will be more frequently convoked, if the business of the 
Order requires, and the transaction thereof demand it. 

§ II. Besides the great and solemn feast-days of the Or- 
der, a Supreme Council will have three sacred days, spe- 
cial to itself, in each year, — to wit, the ^Kalends of October, 
the twenty-seventh of December, and the Kalends of May. 

ARTICLE XVI. 

§ I. That each Sovereign Grand Inspector General may 
be recognized, and be enabled to enjoy the privileges to 
the 33d degree belonging, he shall be furnished with Letters- 
Patent and of Credence, issued in the form prescribed in the 
Ritual of that Degree ; which Letters will be granted him 
upon the condition that he pay into the Treasury of the 
Holy Empire the fee which each Supreme Council shall have 
fixed for its own jurisdiction, when it was first instituted. 
And such Sovereign Grand Inspector General will also 
pay to the Illustrious Secretary, as a compensation for his 

*Kalendae : The first day of the Roman month, Januar)', February, etc. 



258 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

omnia sua acta, sub poena nullitatis atque etiam interdic- 
tionis. 

Deputati Inspectores Generales ad id, sub pcenis iisdem, 
tenentur. 

§ III. Ipsi sibi mutuo ostendent Codices et Diplomata, in 
iisque mutuo adnotabunt loca ubi unus alteri occurrerit et 
se invicem recognoverint. 



ARTICULUS XVII. 

Majori suffragiorum numero est opus ad tribuen- 



Secretaire, en compensation de sa peine, pour l'expedition 
desdites Lettres et pour l'apposition du Sceau. 

§ II. Tout Souverain Grand Inspecteur General tiendra. 
en outre, un Registre de ses Actes : chaque page en sen 
numerotee ; la premiere et la derniere pages seront quotees 
et paraphees pour en constater l'identite. On devra trans- 
crire sur ce Registre les Grandes Constitutions, les Statuts 
et les Reglemens Generaux de l'Art Sublime de la Franche- 
Maconnerie. 

L'Inspecteur lui-meme sera tenu d'y inscrire succesive- 
ment tous ses Actes, a peine de nullite ou meme d'interdic- 
tion. 

Des Deputes Inspecteurs Generaux sont tenus d'agir de 
meme sous les memes peines. 

§ III. lis se montreront mutuellement leurs Registres et 
leurs Patentes, et ils y constateront reciproquement les 
lieux ou ils se seront rencontres reconnus. 



ARTICLE XVII. 

La Majorite des voix est ndcessaire pour 16galiser les 
actes des Souverains Grands Inspecteurs Generaux, dans 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 259 

dam legalem auctoritatem actis Supremorum Majorum 
Generalium Inspectorum, in eo loco ubi extat Su- 
premum Concilium XXX I IP gradus, legitime insti- 
tutum et recognition. Quapropter, in ea regione, vel 
eo territorio quod ab ejusmodi Concilio dependeat, 
NEMO eorum Inspectorum sua auctoritate singulariter 
uti poterit, nisi in casu quo ab eodem SUPREMO 
Concilio facultatem impetraverit, vel, si Inspector ad 
aliam jurisdictionem pertineat, non obtinuerit admis- 
sionem eo rescripto, quod a formula Exequatur nomem 
habet. 



labors in expediting the Letters and thereunto affixing the 
Seal, one Frederic-d'or or old Louis-d'or, or an equival- 
ent sum in the money of the Country. 

§ II. Every Grand Inspector General will moreover keep 
a Register of his doings, whereof each page will be dis- 
tinctively numbered, and moreover the first and last pages 
will by special mention be designated as such. In this Regis- 
ter must be copied The Grand Constitutions, the Statutes, 
and General Regulations of the Sublime Masonic Art. 

It will be the duty of each Inspector, in regular order, 
to transcribe therein all his doings, under the penalty of 
nullity and even of ^interdiction. 

§111. They are mutually to exhibit to each other their 
Registers and Diplomas, and in their Registers mutually 
to note the places where one meets the other and they re- 
cognize each other. 

article xvii. 

It requires a majority of votes to invest with lawful 
authority the acts of Sovereign Grand Inspectors General 
done in a country where there exists a SUPREME COUNCIL 

* Prohibition to exercise further the powers of his office. 



260 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

ARTICULUS XVIII. 

SuMM.E omnes ad expensas subeundas receptse — tributa 
nempe pro admissione — quae titulo initiationis gradibus supra 
XVI m ad XXXIII m inclusum, exiguntur, mittentur in 
thesaurum Sancti Imperii, curantibus Prassidibus et The- 
saurariis Conciliorum, Sublimiumque Latomiarum eorum- 
dem graduum, Supremis Magnis Inspectoribus Generali- 
bus, eorumque Deputatis, necnon Illustri Viro a Secretis, 
Illustrique Thesaurario Sancti Imperii. 

Earum summarum administratio et usus dirigentur 



les lieux ou il existe un SUPREME Conseil du trente-troi- 
sieme Degre, legalement constitue et reconnu. En conse- 
quence, dans un pays, ou territoire sous la dependance d'un 
Supreme Conseil, aucun de ces Inspecteurs ne pourra 
exercer individuellement son autorite, a moins d'en avoir 
obtenu l'autorisation dudit Supreme Conseil, et, dans le 
cas ou l'lnspecteur appartiendrait a une autre Juridiction, 
a moins d'avoir ete reconnu par une declaration a laquelle 
la formule a fait donner le nom d'ExEQUATUR. 



ARTICLE XVIII. 

Toutes les sommes recues pour faire face aux depenses, 
- — cest-a-dire le prix des Receptions,— et qui se percoivent a 
titre de frais d 'initiation aux Degres au-dessus du seizieme 
jusques et y compris le trente-troisieme, seront versees 
dans le Tresor du Saint Empire, a la diligence des Presi- 
dents et Tresoriers des Conseils et des Loges Sublimes de 
ces Degres, ainsi que des Souverains Grands Inspecteurs 
Generaux, de leurs Deputes, de l'lllustre Secretaire et de 
l'lllustre Tresorier du Saint Empire. 

Le Supreme Conseil reglera et surveillera 1'administra- 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 26 1 

et observabuntur a Supremo Concilio ; quod efficiet ut 
quoque anno rationes fideliter absoluteque ei reddantur ; 
hasque communicari curabit Societatibus omnibus ab eo 
dependentibus. 

DELIBERATUM, ACTUM, SANCITUM in Magno 
et Supremo Concilio XXXIIF gradus debite instituto, in- 
dicto atque habito cum probatione et prassentia Augustis- 
simse Majestatis, FREDERICI, nomine secundi, Deo fa- 
vente Regis Borussiae, Margravii Brandeburgi, etc., etc., 
etc., Potentissimi Monarchal, Magni Patroni, Magni Com- 



of the 33d Degree, legitimately instituted and recognized. 
Wherefore, within that country, or in a territory which is 
a dependency of the same Council, NO ONE of such Inspect- 
ors can individually exercise his powers, except in a case 
wherefor he shall have obtained authorization from such 
Supreme Council ; or, if the Inspector shall belong to an- 
other jurisdiction, when he shall have obtained permission 
by that rescript, which from its formula is known as an 
Exequatur. 

article xviii. 

All moneys received for defrayal of expenditures, — to 
wit, fees for admissions — which are required to be paid as 
fees for initiation, for the degrees from the 16th to the 33d 
inclusive, are to be paid into the Treasury of the Holy 
Empire ; which is to be seen to by the Presiding Officers 
and Treasurers of Councils and Sublime Lodges of those 
Degrees, by the Sovereign Grand Inspectors General and 
their Deputies, and by the Illustrious Secretary and Treas- 
urer of the Holy Empire. 

The administration and use of such moneys are to be 
directed and will be controlled by the Supreme Council, 
17 



262 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

mendatoris, Magni Magistri Universalis Verique Conserva- 
toris ORDINIS. 

Calendis Maji A. L. ICCDCCLXXXVI et a Christo nato 
MDCCLXXXVI. 

(Subscriptum) " (*) "— " Stark."—'' (*) 

"— " (*) ' — " H. WlLLELM."— D'ESTERNO." 

— " (*) "— " WCELLNER." 



tion et l'emploi de ces sommes : il s'en fera rendre, chaque 
annee, un compte exact et ndele, et il aura soin d'en faire 
part aux ateliers de sa dependance. 

ARRETE, FAIT et APPROUVE en Grand et Su- 
preme Conseil du trente-troisieme Degre, regulierement 
constitue, convoque et assemble, avec l'approbation et en 
presence de sa tres Auguste Majeste, FREDERIC, deux- 
ieme du nom, par la grace de Dieu Roi de Prusse, Mar- 
grave de Brandebourg, etc., etc., etc., tres Puissant Mon- 
arque, Grand Protecteur, Grand Commandeur, Grand 
Maitre Universel et Veritable Conservateur de l'ORDRE. 

Le jour des Calendes — premier de Mai, A. L. 5786, et de 
l'ere Chretienne 1786. 

Sign6 " (*) " — " Stark." — " (*) " 

— " (*) " — " H. WlLLHELM." — " D'ESTERNO." 

— " (*) " — " WCELLNER." 

Approve et donn6 en notre Residence Royale de Berlin, 
le jour des Calendes — premier de Mai, Tan de Grace 1786, 
et de notre regne le 47 e . 

L. S. Sign*, FREDERIC. 

(*) Voir la note a la fin. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 263 

Approbatum datumque in nostra Regali Residential 
Berolini, Calendis Maji, Anno Gratise MDCCLXXXVI, 
Nostrique Regni XLVII. 

L. S. Subscriptum, 

FREDERICUS. 

(*) Vide notam in fine. 



which will see to it that accounts shall annually be faithfully 
and fully rendered to itself; and shall take care that these 
be communicated to all the bodies that may be of their 
dependence. 

DETERMINED, DONE, AND DECREED, in Grand 
and Supreme Council of the XXXIII d Degree, duly insti- 
tuted, convoked and held, approving and present His Au- 
gust Majesty, Frederic the Second, by the Grace of God 
King of Prussia, Margrave of Brandenburg, etc., etc., etc., 
Most Puissant Monarch, Grand Patron, Grand Commander, 
General Grand Master, and True Defender of The Order. 
May 1st, A.-. L.\ IqqDCCLXXXVL, and from the birth 
of Christ MDCCLXXXVI. 
(Signed) 

* * Stark, 

* H. Willelm, 

D'ESTERNO, * WCELLNER. 

Approved and given at our Royal See of Berlin, May 
1st, the year of Grace MDCCLXXXVI., and of our Reign 
XLVII. 

[seal] (Signed) FREDERIC. 

* See note at the conclusion. 



3.ppenM*. 



APPENDIX 

AD 

STATUTA FUNDAMENTALIA MAGNASgUE CONSTITU- 

TIONES SUPREMI CONCILII TRIGES1MI TERTII GRADTJS. 



ARTICULUS I. 

EXILLUM ORDINIS est argenteum* circum- 

datum aurea fimbria, habens in medio bicipitem 

Aquilam nigram, alas tenentem extensas, hab- 

entem aureum rostrum, aurea crura, distrin- 

gentemque altero pede aureum capulum, altero fer- 

* Album. 




APPENDICE 

AUX 

STATUTS FONDAMENTAUX ET GRANDES CONSTITU- 
TIONS DU SUPREME CONSEIL DU TRENTE-TROISIEME DEGRE. 




d'or et parsemee d'etoiles d'or. 

* Blanc. 



ARTICLE I. 

L'ETENDARD de l'ORDRE 

est argent* frangee d'or, portant 
au centre un aigle noir a deux 
tetes, les ailes deployees ; les 
bees et les cuisses sont en or : il 
tient dans une serre la garde 
d'or, et dans l'autre la lame 
d'acier d\m glaive antique, 
place horizontalement e droite a 
gauche. A ce glaive est sus- 
pendue la devise Latine, en let- 
tres d'or, "DEUS MEUMQUE 
JUS." L'aigle est couronne 
d'un Triangle d'or : il tient une 
banderolle de pourpre frangee 



(266) 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 



267 



rum antiqui gladii juxta horizontis directionem jacentis 
et e dextra in sinistram versi ; ab hoc gladio pendet 
latina inscriptio, " DEUS MEUMQUE JUS," aureis lit- 
teris effecta. Aquila. pro corona aureunv triangulum, 
tasniam habet purpuream cum aurea fimbria, aureisque 
astris. 

ARTICULUS II. 

Insignia distinguentia Supremos-Magnos-Inspectores- 
Generales sunt : 



APPENDIX 



THE FUNDAMENTAL STATUTES AND GRAND CONSTI- 
TUTIONS OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL OF THE 
THIRTY-THIRD DEGREE. 




ARTICLE I. 

The Banner of The Order is 
argent, bordered with a fringe of 
gold, charged in the centre with 
an Eagle with two heads, dis- 
played, sable, armed, or, holding 
with one claw the hilt, of the 
last, and with the other the blade, 
steel, of an ancient sword, hori- 
zontal, from right to left ; from 
which sword depends the Latin 
inscription, " DEUS MEUM- 
QUE JUS," in letters of gold. 
The Eagle surmounted for 
crown with a triangle of the 
third, and a band, pin-pure, 



fringed and with stars of the third. 



268 



CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 



i°. Crux Teutonica rubri coloris, sinistro pectoris lateri 
affixa; 

2°. Major funiculus albus, superficie undulate micante, 
auro intextus, gerens in anteriori parte aureum triangulum 
aureis radiis micans, quod habet in centro notam XXXIII, 
atque hinc unum argenteum gladium, inde alterum ex su- 
perioribus lateribus trianguli versus centrum directos. 
Funiculus hie e dextro humero ad lsevum progrediens, ter- 
minatur acumine cum aurea fimbria, et habente in medio 
tasniam coccinei sinopisque coloris, in rotundam formam 
versam, tenentemque communia insignia ORDINIS. 




ARTICLE II. 

Les Insignes distinctifs des Souverains Grands Inspec- 
teurs Generaux sont : 

i°. Une Croix Teutonique rouge 
qui se porte sur la partie gauche de 
la poitrine. 

2°. Un grand Cordon blanc moire 
lisere d'or ; sur le devant est un Tri- 
angle d'or radieux ; au milieu du 
Triangle est le chiffre 33 ; de chaque 
cote de Tangle superieur du Triangle est un glaive d'ar- 
gent dont la pointe se dirige vers le centre, porte de droite 
a gauche et se termine en pointe par un frange d'or et une 
rosette rouge et vert a laquelle est suspendu le Bijou 
ordinaire de l'ORDRE. 

3°. Ce Bijou est un aigle semblable a celui de l'Etendard : 
il porte le diademe d'or de Prusse ■ 

4°. La Grande Decoration de l'ORDRE est gravee sur 
une croix Teutonique ; e'est une etoile a neuf pointes, formee 
par trois triangles d'or superposes et entrelaces. Un glaive 
se dirige de la partie inferieure du cote gauche a la partie 
supeVieure du cote droit, et, du cote oppose, est une main 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 



269 



3 . Insignia hasc sunt : Aquila similis illi quas in Vexillo 
est ; coronatur Aquila aureo Borussiae Diademate. 

4 . Majora insignia ORDINIS affiguntur supra Crucem 
Teutonicam ; suntque astrum novem habens acumina, ut- 
pote effectum tribus aureis triangulis, unum alteri super- 
impositis et simul intextis. Ex inferiori parte sinistri lateris 
versus superiorem dextri gladius procedit ; in opposita 
directione est manus quae Justifies vocatur. In medio, 
Scutum ORDINIS, cyaneum, et in eo Aquila similis illi 
quae in Vexillo est, habensque in dextro latere auream 
libram, et in sinistro aureum circinum, aureae normae in- 




ARTICLE II. 

The distinctive insignia of Sovereign Grand Inspectors 
General are : 

i°. A Teutonic Cross of crimson, 
affixed to the left side of the breast. 

2 . A broad white watered Ribbon, 
bordered with gold, bearing on the 
front a triangle of gold, glittering with 
rays of gold, which has in the centre 
the numeral XXXIII. , with, on each 
side, a sword of silver, from above, on each side of the tri- 
angle pointing to its centre. This ribbon, worn from the 
right shoulder to the left hip, ends in a point, and is fringed 
with gold, having at the junction a circular band of scarlet 
and green, containing the general Jewel of The Order. 

3 . This Jewel is an Eagle like that upon the Banner, 
crowned with the golden Crown of Prussia. 

4 . The Grand Decorations of The Order rest upon a 
Teutonic Cross. They are a nine-pointed Star, namely, 
one formed by three triangles of gold, one upon the other, 
and interlaced. From the lower part of the left side to the 
upper part of the right, a Sword extends, and in the oppo- 



2/0 



CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 



textum. Circa totum Scutum percurrit fascia cyanea cum 
aurea inscriptione latina " ORDO AB CHAO :" quae fascia 
hinc inde comprehenditur duobus circulis effectis ex duo- 
bus aureis anguibus unoquoque caudam sibi mordente. 
Ex minoribus triangulis ab intersectione majorum genitis, 
ea novem quae fasciae propinquiora sunt, rubrum colorem 
habent, et eorem unumquodque gerit unam ex litteris quas 
verbum S.A.P.I.E.N.T.I.A. efficiunt. 

5°. Tres primi Officiates Supremi Concilii gerunt insuper, 
album balteum — hoc est fasciam — auream fimbriam haben- 
tem, et a dextro latere dependentem. 




de Justice. Au milieu est le 
Bouclier de l'ORDRE, azur ; 
sur le Bouclier est un aigle 
semblable a celui de l'etend- 
ard ; sur le cote droit du Bou- 
clier est un balance d'or ; sur 
le cote gauche, un compas 
d'or pose sur une Equerre 
d'or. Tout autour du Bou- 
clier est une banderolle bleue 
portant, en lettres d'or, l'inscription Latine, " ORDO 
AB CHAO." Cette banderolle est enfermee dans un dou- 
ble cercle, forme par deux serpents d'or, chacun d'eux 
tenant sa queue entre les dents. Des petits triangles for- 
mes par l'intersection des triangles principaux, les neuf 
qui sont le plus rapproches de la banderolle, sont de couleur 
rouge et portent chacun une des lettres dont se compose le 
mot S.A.P.I.E.N.T.I.A. 

5°. Les trois premiers Officiers du Supreme Conseil 
portent, en outre, en echarpe ou ceinture a franges d'or et 
tombant du cote droit. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 



2^1 



ARTICULUS III. 

Magnum Sigillum ORDINIS est Scutum argenteum 
gerens Aquilam bicipitem similem illi quae in Vexillo 
ORDINIS est, coronatam quidem aureo Borussiae 
diademate, super quod est aureum triangulum radians, 
habens in medio notam XXXIII ; etiam potest Aquila 
aut coronam aut triangulum tantum super se ha- 
bere. 

In inferiori Scuti parte, sub alis pedibusque Aquilse sunt 
aurese triginta tres Stellae in semicirculum dispositae. To- 




site direction is a hand of (as it 
is called), Justice. In the centre 
is the Shield of The Order, 
azure, charged with an Eagle 
ike that on the Banner, having 
on the dexter side a Balance, 
or, and on the sinister side a 
Compass of the second, un- 
ited with a Square of the 
second. Around the whole 
Shield runs a band of the first, with the Latin In- 
scription, of the second, " ORDO AB CHAO ;" which 
band is enclosed by two circles, formed by two Serpents 
of the second, each biting his own tail. Of the smaller tri- 
angles that are formed by the intersection of the greater 
ones, those nine that are nearest the band are of crimson 
color, and each of them has one of the letters that compose 
the word S.A.P.I.E.N.T.I.A. 

5 . The three first Officers of the Supreme CounciLwear, 
in addition, a white girdle, that is, a sash, fringed with 
gold, and the ends hanging down on the right side. 



2^2 



CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 



turn circumdatum est inscriptione : " Supremum Con- 
cilium XXXIIP GRADTJS IN " 

ACTUM in Supremo Concilio XXXIIP gradus, die, 
mense, annoque ut supra. 
(Subscriptum)" (*) "— " Stark."— " d'Esterno." 




article III. 

Le Grand Sceau de 
l'ORDRE est un Ecu d'ar- 
gent sur lequel est un Aigle 
a deux tetes, semblable a 
celui de l'Etendard, mais 
portant de plus le diadem e 
d'or de Prusse ; au-dessus 
du diademe est un Triangle 
radieux, au centre duquel 
est le chiffre 33. Toutefois, 
on peut se contenter de 
mettre au-dessus de F Aigle, 

soit la couronne, soit le triangle seulement. 
Au bas du Bouclier, au-dessous des ailes et des serres de 

1' Aigle, il y a trente-trois Etoiles disposees en demi-cercle ; 

tout autour est l'inscription suivante : Supreme Conseil 

du trente-troisieme Degre pour 

FAIT en Supreme Conseil du Trente-troisieme Degre, 

les jours, mois et an que dessus. 

Signe " (*) " — " Stark." — " d'Esterno." — 

" (*) " — " H. WlLLELM." — " D " — 

"WCELLNER." 

APPROUVE, 

L. S. Signe, FREDERIC. 

NOTE. 

.(*) Ces asteriques (aux pages 63 et 66) designent les places de quelques sig- 
natures devenues ilHsibles, ou qui sont effacees par 1'efFet du frottement, ou 
par l'eau de la mer, a laquelle l'ampliation originale de ces documents, ecrits 
sur parchemin, a ete accidentellement exposee plusieurs fois. — {Note a la copie 
publiee en 18 ^paries Supremes Conseils. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 



273 



- " (*) " — " H. WlLLELM." — "D 

WOZLLNER." 

APPROBATUM. 

L. S. Subscriptum, " FREDERICUS.' 



ARTICLE III. 

The Great Seal of The 
Order is a silver Shield, 
charged with a double- 
headed Eagle, like that on 
the Banner of The Order, 
crowned with the golden 
Crown of Prussia, above 
which is a Triangle of gold, 
emitting rays, having in its 
centre thenumeral XXXIII. 
The Eagle may be sur- 
mounted by either the 
crown or the triangle alone. 

At the base of the Shield, under the wings and talons of 
the Eagle, are thirty-three stars of gold, arranged in a semi- 
circle. The whole is surrounded by the inscription, " Su- 
preme Council of the XXXIIId degree for " 

DONE in Supreme Council of the XXXIIId Degree, 
the day, month and year above mentioned. 

Stark. 




(Signed) 

D'Esterno, 

Wcellner. 

APPROVED. 

[L. S.] 



Signed, 



H. WlLLELM. 

D.... 

"FREDERIC." 



* "These asterisks" (on pages 63 and 66), mark the places of signatures that 
have become illegible or been effaced by attrition, or by the effect of sea-water, 
to which the duplicate original of these documents, written on parchment, "has 
several times been accidentally exposed." \Note to copy published by the Su- 
preme Councils in 1834.] 



274 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 



NOUS SOUSSIGNES, SS.\ GG.\ II.-. GG.\, etc., 
etc., composant le present Congres Maconnique, conforme- 
ment aux dispositions de 1' Article III., en date de ce jour, 
avons attentivement collationne les copies qui precedent 
ci-dessus a l'expedition authentique des veritables Instituts 
Secrets Fondamentaux, Statuts, Grandes Constitutions et 
Appendices du i er Mai, 1786 (E.\ V.-.), et dont les amplia- 
tions officielles sont deposees et ont ete soigneusement et 
fidelement conservees dans toute leur purete parmi les ar- 
chives de 1'Ordre. 

NOUS, en consequence, certifions les dites copies fideles 
et litteralement conformes aux originaux des dits docu- 
ments. 

EN FOI DE QUOI, nous signons ces presentes, ce I5e 
jour d'Adar, A.*. L.\ 5833, (vulgo) le 23 Fevrier, 1834. 

DEUS MEUMQUE JUS. 

Baron Freteau de Peny, 33 s , 
Comte Thiebault, 33 s , Setier, 33 e , 

Marquis de Giamboni, 33 s , 
A. C. R. d'Andrada, 33 e , 
Luis de Menes Vascos de Drummond, 33% 
Comte de St. Laurent, 
S.\ G.\ I.*. G.\, 33 e , etc. Lafayette, 33°. 

[Sceau.] 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 275 



WE, THE UNDERSIGNED, Sov.\ Gr.\ Insps.-. Gen.-., 
etc., etc., composing the present Masonic Congress, conform- 
ably to the dispositions of Article III., dated this day, have 
carefully collated the foregoing copies with the authentic 
official copy of the True Secret Fundamental Institutes, 
Statutes, Grand Constitutions and Appendices of the 1st 
of May, 1786, V.*. E.\, the official exemplifications where- 
of are deposited and have been carefully and faithfully 
preserved in all their purity among the Archives of the 
Order. 

WE, accordingly, do certify the said copies to be faith- 
fully and literally conformable to the originals of the said 
documents. 

IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, we do sign these pres- 
ents, this 1st day of Adar, A/. L.\ 5833, V.*. E.\ the 23d of 
February, 1834. 

DEUS MEUMQUE JUS. 

The Baron Freteau de Peny, 33d. 

The Comte Thiebault, 33d, Setier, 33d, 

The Marquis de Giamboni, 33d, 

A. C. R. d'Andrada, 33d, 

Luis de Menes Vascos de Drummond, 33d, 

The Comte de St. Laurent, 

Sov.\ Gr.\ Insp.\ Gen.*., 33d, etc. Lafayette, 33d. 
[Seal.] 



THE FRENCH CONSTITUTIONS 



OF 



17 8 6. 



As Published in 1832, in the Recueil des Actes of 
the Supreme Council of France. 

with a translation into english. 



18 




INTRODUCTION. 

[HE Latin copy of the Grand Constitutions of 1786, was 
published by us in 1859, from a copy published in 1834, 
at Paris, as authentic, after the Treaty of 1832. 

The Supreme Council of France, which had in 1832 
published the mutilated French version of these Consti- 
tutions, having, two years later, accepted and vouched for the Latin, 
more ample and formal version, as authentic, this was accepted as 
such by the Supreme Council for the Southern Jurisdiction of the 
United States, without the slightest reference on its part or the part 
of its Grand Commander, to the particular differences between the 
two. It never occurred to either the Body or the Officer that any 
question could ever arise between it and a sister Supreme Council, 
in regard to which any of these differences would become material. 

But at a time when ill-temper, caused by controversy long since 
happily at an end, made men ready to attribute to ill motives inno- 
cent acts, odious imputations were indulged in, with respect to our 
Edition of the Grand Constitutions. We replied to them ; and all 
that is of the past. 

In the Northern Jurisdiction of the United States, the French 
copy of the Constitutions is, it seems, regarded as the only authen- 
tic one: and in the Transactions of the Supreme Council of that 
Jurisdiction, for 1869, is a translation into English of the French 
version, made by the 111.-. Bro. \ Enoch T. Carson, 33°, now the 
Lieut. \ Grand Commander, as that was published by Setier at 
Paris, in 1832, with a few slight changes made on the faith of an old 
manuscript. 

It is certainly desirable that both Councils should accept and rec 
ognize the same Constitutions; and if we could believe that the 
French version was the authentic original, and that the Latin Con 
stitutions were not so, we should not be able to hesitate to reject 
the latter and accept the former, which, until 1859, we also supposed 

(*79) 



280 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

to be the original, not until then knowing of the existence of the 
Latin version, although it had been printed in France in 1834. It 
was known in Louisiana, and the 111. \ Bro.\ Samory had in his pos- 
session a copy, the only one, indeed, of any edition except our own 
and that published by Mr. Foulhouze about 1859, that we have ever 
seen. 

The first thing that strikes one in reading over the French ver- 
sion, in the Recueil des Actes du Supreme Conseil de France, or as 
translated, is the jejuneness, the incompleteness, the want of form, 
and the resemblance to an imperfect abstract or extracts from some- 
thing more full and complete, of this that does not even claim or 
purport to be a complete copy of the original. 

Then, we naturally look for some authentication of the Constitu- 
tions by signatures; but there is none; which itself p roves that they 
are, if copied from any original, not a complete copy. 

111. '. Bro. *. Carson prefers them, because the third clause of* the 
5th article reads that there shall be but two Supreme Councils in 
the United States ; as it also provides for one for the English Islands, 
and one for the French Islands, of the West Indies : whereas the 
Latin Constitutions provide for two for North America (including 
the Continent and Islands), and two for South America. 

In 1786 the United States had gained their independence only 
three years before, and were of little importance in the family of 
nations. If no Empire or Kingdom in Europe c uld have more 
than one Supreme Council, why were two allowed for the United 
States and two for the West India Islands, all of which were Colo- 
nies ? It would be incomprehensible, but for the fact that this 
French version, in the particular spoken of, favored the desire and 
purpose of the Bro. \ Comte de Grasse, to establish a Supreme Coun- 
cil for the French West Indies, and be its chief. He had been in 
Charleston for some years prior to 1801, and was a member of Ma- 
sonic bodies there, and to him, probably, the presence of the French 
version of the Constitutions in the United States was owing, and to 
him, also, the creation of the Supreme Council at Charleston, — of 
which, though not named among the members, it appears by other 
evidence that he was for a time a member. In 1801 the Council is 
stated to have consisted only of the Bros. \ Mitchell and Dalcho. 
The others became members in 1802. Now, according to the Con- 
stitutions, there was no Supreme Council until there were three 
members, and there is but this one way of explaining the apparent 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 28 1 

inconsistency,— that the Bro. \ de Grasse, perhaps visiting Europe, 
or the West Indies, returned with this French version of the Constitu- 
tions, and in possession of the 33d degree and of its Ritual which 
accompanied the Secret Constitutions that the reader will find at a 
subsequent page of this volume ; and that he conferred the degree 
upon Colonel Mitchell and Dr. Dalcho, thus establishing a Supreme 
Council, from which he retired in 1802, when other members were 
added, as is often done when new Lodges or Commanderies are 
formed. For he did not desire to be a permanent member of the 
body at Charleston, but to found one in the West Indies. 

It is absolutely certain that neither he nor the Supreme Council 
ever had the Latin Constitutions, which may never have been in 
France until after the Revolution. The reader will notice also, an 
essential difference in Article VI. between the French and Latin 
versions, the French copy expressly denying to the Supreme Coun- 
cil j urisdiction over the degrees below the 17th ; which was probably 
so worded for the purpose of conciliating or avoiding controversy 
with the existent bodies of those degrees at Charleston and in the 
West Indies. There was a Grand Lodge of Perfection, of the Rite 
of Perfection, at Charleston, and similar bodies existed in the West 
Indies ; and these would probably not have submitted to the Su- 
preme Council newly established if it had claimed jurisdiction over 
them. 

Another singular thing in regard to this French version of the 
Constitutions is, that they do not mention any Rite at all, or give 
any list of the degrees under the jurisdiction of Supreme Councils. 
The Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite takes its name from the 
Latin Constitutions, unless there were " Secret Constitutions" that 
never were published, in which the Rite was named, and in which the 
degrees were enumerated. If the French version contains the only 
true Constitutions of 1786, it will be difficult to find the authority 
for the existence of the Rite and the arrangement of its degrees. 

The Supreme Council of France must have become satisfied, when 
it made the Treaty at Paris, that the French Version was not the 
genuine Constitutions ; for having had them only, until then, it 
then discarded them and accepted the Latin copy; and Setier, a 
member of it, who printed the French version in 1832, certified in 
1834, to the genuineness of the Latin copy. 

It is quite true that in the Acte of the trial of the 111. \ Bro. \ 
Comte de Grasse, Sov. \ Gr. \ Commander, in 1818, Articles 5, 9, 10, 



282 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

11, 12 and 17 of the French version, are quoted, precisely as they 
were afterwards published in the Recueil des Actes, even to the 
powers with which Frederic " etait reT&tu." The Count de Grasse 
furnished the copy which the Supreme Council for America had 
in France, and it was no doubt the same which the Supreme 
Council at Charleston had at its organization. 

I know nothing more in regard to the French version, than is or 
can be known to all the world. I had the Recueil des Actes before I 
saw the Latin copy; and I have never seen the French version in 
print anywhere, except in that compilation. There is no old manu- 
script copy in the Archives at Charleston, to my knowledge, and I 
think I have examined all the Archives. 

If I were satisfied that there never were any other Constitutions 
than those contained in the French version, and that it was a full 
and complete copy or translation of the original, I should not hesi- 
tate to admit that they were a clumsy forgery, and that there was 
nothing in the world to prove them authentic. They are in French, 
though purporting to have been made in Prussia ; they provide 
that the fee for the 33d degree shall be ten Louis of 24 livres toumois, 
a French coin ; they are not authenticated in any way nor certified to 
by anybody ; they do not purport to have been approved and signed 
by Frederic, though said in the commencement to have been made 
in a Supreme Council at Berlin, at which he was present ; they 
speak of the powers with which he was clothed ; and they provide 
for two Councils in the United States, then a new and weak repub- 
lic, and for two in the West Indies, of which Germans at Berlin, and 
Frederic, would never have thought ; and it is impossible to trace 
them further back than to the Comte de Grasse. 

In short, there being no proof at all of their authenticity, extrin- 
sic or intrinsic, and nothing at all in them in regard to the Ancient 
and Accepted Scottish Rite, I should not be bold enough to pretend 
that they were made at Berlin, or enacted or approved by Frederic. 

The Supreme Council for the Southern Jurisdiction of the 
United States accepted the Latin Constitutions as authentic, be- 
cause upon their face they bore the marks of authenticity, and be- 
cause of the high character and standing of the Brethren by whom 
they were authenticated. The Supreme Council for the Northern 
Jurisdiction of the United States adheres to the French version, as 
that which it received at its origin, and upon, necessarily, the hy- 
pothesis that the Latin version has been made from the French 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 283 

one, by enlarging, developing and adding to it. Only one other hy- 
pothesis is possible, and that is, that the Latin is the original, the 
French a defective and abbreviated translation, with some changes 
made to suit particular purposes. And, in our opinion, this hypo- 
thesis is true, or the Constitutions were originally a mere clumsy 
French forgery, to give to which the appearance of respectability, 
some one was employed to put them into shape and form in Latin. 

The French version is evidently not a complete copy of any origi- 
nal. A thing in such a shape could never have been enacted by a 
Supreme Council and promulgated by it, nor was worthy to be ap- 
proved by a great king ; nor is there, taking them entirely by them- 
selves, and supposing the Latin version never to have been seen, 
any sort of evidence in them that they were made by any Masonic 
Body whatever, or ever seen by Frederic of Prussia. 

The addition found in the Recueil des Actes, in regard to privi- 
leges, was no doubt made by the 111. \ Bro. \ de Grasse, and had 
special application to the French West Indian Islands ; and, there- 
fore, we believe that the whole was an abridgment made by him, 
with the alterations to suit his purposes, from the original Constitu- 
tions, which must have been more formal and with some evidence 
of authenticity. And to this conclusion we are the more forcibly 
impelled from the fact that nothing whatever is said in the French 
copy in respect to the Rite or its degrees. 

Of all this the reader must judge. And that all may have the 
means of doing so, the French version, with a careful translation, is 
here appended. 

For that only, — because, so far as depends upon the action of the 
Supreme Council for the Southern Jurisdiction, the question be- 
tween the two versions is concluded. It has not inquired of other 
Councils how they have decided. I believe that most of the Su- 
preme Councils accept the Latin Constitutions. The Supreme 
Council of England and Wales has republished them as the law of 
its jurisdiction, and I think that all the Suizreme Councils of South 
America, as well as that of Italy, are governed by them. For us, 
they will remain the law of the Rite, whatever may be decided by 
other Councils. 




CONSTITUTIONS, STATUTS ET REGLEMENS. 

OUR le gouvernement du Supreme Conseil des 
Inspecteurs Generaux du 33 e degre, et pour celui 
de tous les Conseils sous leur juridiction : 

Fait et approuve dans le Supreme Conseil du 
33 e degre, duement et legalement etabli et constitue au grand 
Orient de Berlin, le ier Mai, Anno Lucis 5785, et de lere 
Chretienne 1786. 

Auquel Conseil etait present en personne, sa tres auguste 
Majeste Frederic II., Roi de Prusse, Souverain Grand 
Commandeur. 



ATT NOM DU TEES SAINT ET GRAND AKCHITECTE DE i/UNTVEES. 

#rir0 nb &%no. 

Les Souverains Grand Inspecteurs Generaux, en Su- 
preme Conseil assemble, ordonnent et declarent les suiv- 
antes constitutions et ce reglement pour le gouvernement 
des Conseils Maconniques sous leur juridiction. 

Art. 1. Les Constitutions et les Reglemens faits par les 
neufs Commissaires nommes par le Grand Conseil des 
Princes du Royal Secret en 5762, seront strictement exe- 
cutes dans tous leurs points, excepte dans ceux qui militent 
contre les articles de la presente Constitution, mentionnes 
dans ces presentes. 

Art. 2. Le 33 s degre, appele Souverain Grand Inspec- 
teur Genera], ou Supreme Conseil du 33 s degre, est form6 
et organise comme il suit : 
(284) 




CONSTITUTIONS, STATUTES AND REGULA- 
TIONS. 

OR the government of the Supreme Council of 
the Inspectors-General of the 33d Degree, and 
for that of all the Councils under their jurisdic- 
tion : 

Done and Approved in the Supreme Council of the 33d 
Degree, duly and legally established and constituted at the 
Grand Orient of Berlin, the 1st of May, Anno Lucis 1785, 
and of the Christian Era, 1786. 

At which Council was present in person His Most Au- 
gust Majesty, Frederic II., King of Prussia, Sovereign 
Grand Commander. 



IN THE NAME OF THE MOST HOLT AND GBAND ARCHITECT OP THE UNIVERSE. 

The Sovereign Grand Inspectors-General in Supreme 
Council assembled, do ordain and proclaim the following 
Constitutions and this Law for the government of the Ma- 
sonic Councils under their jurisdiction. 

Art. 1. The Constitutions and Regulations made by the 
nine Commissioners appointed by the Grand Council of 
the Princes of the Royal Secret, in 5762, shall be strictly 
executed in all their points, except in those which militate 
against the Articles of the present Constitution, mentioned 
in these presents. 

Art. 2. The 33d Degree, called Sovereign Grand In- 
spector-General, or Supreme Council of the 33d Degree, is 
formed and organized as follows : 

(*8 5 ) 



286 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

L'Inspecteur a qui ce grade est donne le premier, est, 
par ces presentes, autorise a le donner a un autre frere qui 
en soit duement digne par son caractere et ses grades, et. a 
recevoir son obligation : 

Ces deux ensemble le donnent, de la merae maniere, a 
un troisieme ; ensuite ils admittent les autres par leurs suf- 
frages donnes de vive voix, en commengant par le plus 
jeune Inspecteur. 

Un seul peut exclure pour jamais un aspirant, si les rai- 
cons produites sont jugees suffisantes. 

Art. 3. Les deux premiers qui regoivent ce grade dans 
tel pays que ce soit, seront les deux officiers presidens. 
En cas de mort, resignation, ou absence du pays (pour n'y 
pas revenir) du premier officier, le second prendra sa place, 
et nommera un Inspecteur pour succeder a la sienne 
propre. 

Si le second officier venait a mourir, resignait ou quit- 
tait le pays pour toujours, le premier officier en nommerait 
un autre pour lui succeder. 

Le tres Puissant Souverain nommera, de la m6me ma- 
niere, rillustre Tresorier, le Secretaire-General du Saint 
Empire, l'lllustre Grand Maitre des Ceremonies, l'lllustre 
Capitaine des gardes, et remplira ainsi toutes les vacances 
qui peuvent survenir. 

Art. 4. Chaque Inspecteur qui sera initie dans ce sub- 
lime grade, paiera d'avance, entre les mains de l'lllustre 
Grand Tresorier, la somme de dix Louis de 24 livres tour- 
nois. 

La raeme somme sera exigee de ceux qui recevront le 
grade de Chevalier Kadosch, ou de Prince de Royal Se- 
cret, laquelle somme sera pour 1 'usage du Conseil Su- 
preme. 

Art. 5. Chaque Conseil Supreme est compose de neuf 
Inspecteurs-Generaux, dont cinq doivent professer la re- 
ligion Chretienne. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 2Zj 

The Inspector to whom this degree is first given, is, by 
these presents, authorized to give it to another Brother, 
who may be duly worthy of it by his character and his 
degrees; and to receive his obligations : 

These two together give it, in the same manner, to a 
third ; then they admit the others by their suffrages given 
viva voce, beginning with the youngest Inspector. 

A single vote may exclude an aspirant forever, if the 
reasons stated are adjudged sufficient. 

Art. 3. The two first who receive this degree, in any 
country whatever, will be the two presiding officers. In 
case of death, resignation, or absence from the country 
(with the intention of not returning there) of the first offi- 
cer, the second will take his place, and will appoint an In- 
spector to succeed to his own place. 

If the second officer should die, resign, or leave the 
country forever, the first officer will appoint another to 
succeed him. 

The Most Puissant Sovereign shall appoint, in the same 
manner, the Illustrious Treasurer, the Secretary-General 
of the Holy Empire, the Illustrious Grand Master of Cere- 
monies, the Illustrious Captain of the Guards, and shall 
also fill all the vacancies that may afterward occur. 

Art. 4. Every Inspector who shall be initiated in this 
Sublime Degree, shall pay in advance, into the hands of 
the Illustrious Grand Treasurer, the sum of ten Louis of 
24 livres tournois. 

The same sum shall be exacted of those who shall re- 
ceive the degree of Knight Kadosh, or of Prince of the 
Royal Secret, the which sum shall be for the use of the 
Supreme Council. 

Art. 5. Every Supreme Council is composed of nine In- 
spectors-General, of whom five should profess the Christian 
religion. 

Three of the members, if the Most Puissant Sovereign 



288 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

Trois des membres, si le tres-puissant Souverain et Til- 
lustre Inspecteur sont presens, peuvent proceder aux af- 
faires de l'Ordre, et former le Conseil complet. 

II n'y aura qu'un Conseil de ce grade dans chaque nation 
ou royaume en Europe, deux dans les Etats-Unis de l'Am- 
erique, aussi eloignes que possible Tun de Tautre, un dans 
les iles Anglaises de l'Amerique et un pareillement dans 
celles Franchises. 

Art. 6. Le pouvoir du Supreme Conseil n'interlere dans 
aucun grade au-dessous du 17 s ou Chevalier d'Orient et d' 
Occident ; mais chaque Conseil, et Loge de Parfaits Macons, 
sont ici requis de les reconnaitre en qualite dTnspecteurs 
Generaux, et de les recevoir avec tous les honneurs qui 
leur sont dus. 

Art. 7. Tous Conseils ou individus au-dessus du Grand 
Conseil des Princes de Jerusalem, peuvent porter leur 
appel au Supreme Conseil, et, dans ce cas, ils peuvent com- 
paraitre et etre entendus en personne dans le Supreme 
Conseil. 

Art. 8. Le Grand Consistoire de Royal Secret elira un 
President choisi dans son sein ; mais aucuns de ses actes ne 
seront valides qu' apres avoir ete sanctionnes par le Su- 
preme Conseil du 33 s degre, qui, apres le deces de S. M. le 
Roi de Prusse, est Souverain de la Maconnerie. 

Art. 9. Aucun Depute Inspecteur ne peut faire usage de 
ses pouvoirs dans un pays ou sera etabli un Conseil Su- 
preme d'Inspecteurs Generaux, a, moins qu'il ne soit ap- 
prouve dudit Conseil. 

Art. 10. Aucun Depute Inspecteur ci-devant regu ou 
qui peut letre par la suite, en vertu de cette Constitution, 
n'aura le pouvoir d'accorder de certificats, ni de donner le 
grade de Chevalier Kadosch ou des grades au-dessus. 

Art. 11. Le grade de Chevalier Kadosch et celui de 
Prince de Royal Secret, ne seront jamais donnes qu'en 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 289 

and the Illustrious Inspector are present, may proceed to 
the business of the Order, and to complete the constitu- 
tion of the Council. 

There shall be but one Council of this degree in each 
Nation or Realm in Europe, but two in the United States 
of America, as far removed as possible one from the other, 
but one in the English Islands of America, and but one 
likewise in the French Islands.* 

* 111.'. Bro.\ Carson says of Article V., " This provision of the Constitution 
shows that it was never intended that any one Supreme Council should as- 
sume the jurisdiction of the entire territory of the United States. This special 
exception in regard to this country was made to prevent that." 

This notion is in aid of the proposition of 111.'. Bro.\ Drummond, Sov.\ 
Gr.\ Commander of the Supreme Council for the Northern Jurisdiction, that 
that Council was provided for by the Grand Constitutions, and received from 
them, and not by concession from the Supreme Council for the United States 
at Charleston (which created it), its territorial jurisdiction. But the Article 
does not provide that there shall be two Councils in the United States. It is 
not mandatory in that respect ; and to assume it to be so is to pervert it. Any 
judge or jurisconsult would tell 111.*. Bro.\ Carson that. The little word 
" que" in the phrase "liny atira qu'un Conseil" applies and belongs to each 
of the other clauses, precisely as if it were repeated before " deux" in " deux 
dans les Etats Unis ;" and before " un " in the phrases " un dans les ties," and 
" un pareillement." Any French scholar can tell 111.'. Bro.'. Carson that ; and 
any scholar can see that each clause is prohibitory : for it is too clear to need 
argument that in regard to the French and English Islands it is prohibitory, 
as it is in regard to the Nations and Realms of Europe; and therefore the 
clause between them must be so, as grammatically it is. 

Wherefore the provision as to the United States simply is, that there shall be 
only two Councils in them ; that there shall not be more than two ; and it 
must be awfully twisted to make it read that there shall be two. It is permis- 
sive, as to that number, and beyond that, prohibitory ; and it is permissive be- 
cause it is prohibitory. To say that there shall be only two Councils, is to 
say, by implication, that there may be two. 

The Supreme Council at Charleston did, at its origin and afterwards, style 
itself " The Supreme Council of the United States." That is the best answer 
to the notion that it could not do it. And when it assigned to the Council 
created by it, certain named States, reserving to itself all the other States and 
Territories, the reservation was a consequence of its previous proprietorship 
of the whole. A grantor cannot reserve what he does not ozvn. 



29O CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

presence de trois Souverains Grands Inspecteurs Gene- 
raux. 

Art. 12. Le Supreme Conseil exercera tous les souv- 
erains pouvoirs Magonniques dont Sa Majeste Frederic II., 
Roi de Prusse, etait revetu* et lorsqu'il sera convenable de 
protester contre les patentes de Deputes Inspecteurs, com- 
me illegales, information en sera envoyee a tous les Con- 
seils Supremes du monde. 

Art. 13. Le Supreme Conseil du 33 s degre est autorise a 
deputer un frere et membre dudit Conseil, pour etablir un 
Conseil dudit grade dans quelque pays designe par la pre- 
sente Constitution, a la charge de se conduire conforme- 
ment a l'Article 11. 

Ces deputes auront aussi le pouvoir d' accorder des pa- 
tentes aux Deputes Inspecteurs Generaux, qui doivent 
avoir regu le grade de Kadosch, pour etablir des Doges et 
Conseils des grades superieurs au-dessusf du Chevalier du 
Soleil, dans un pays ou il n'y aura pas de Loges Sublimes 
ou Conseils deja etablis. 

Le manuscrit de grade ne sera donne a aucun autre In- 
specteur qu'aux deux premiers officiers du Conseil, ou a un 
frere qui va dans un pays eloigne pour etablir ce grade. 

Art. 14. Dans toutes les processions des grades sublimes, 
le Supreme Conseil marchera le dernier, et les deux prem- 
iers officiers seront les derniers, le Grand Porte-Etendard 
de l'Ordre les precedera immediatement. 

Art. 15. Les assemblies du Conseil seront tenues chaque 
trois nouvelles lunes ; mais il s'assemblera plus souvent si 
la necessite le requiert, pour expedier les affaires. 

* Etait revetu : The word etait, not est (was, not is) was found in the copy 
which the Supreme Council of France had in 1818, as well as in the Recueil 
des Actes. Why did not 111'. Bro.*. Carson give his authorit}^ for translating 
the phrase " is possessed," by quoting the French of the old Manuscript? 

f I agree with 111.". Bro.\ Carson that an desstis here should be au dessous, 
below, instead of above, the degree of Knight of the Sun. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 29I 

Art. 6. The power of the Supreme Council does not 
interfere in any degree below the 17th, or Knight of the 
East and West ; but every Council, and every Lodge of 
Perfect Masons are hereby required to recognize them 
in the character of Inspectors General, and to receive 
them with all the honors that are due them. 

Art. 7. All Councils or individuals above the Grand 
Councils of Princes of Jerusalem may bring their appeal to 
the Supreme Council, and, in this case, they may appear 
and be heard in person in the Supreme Council. 

Art. 8. The Grand Consistory of Royal Secret will 
elect a President chosen in its bosom ; but none of its acts 
will be valid until after they have been sanctioned by the 
Supreme Council of the 33d degree, which, after the de- 
cease of his Majesty the King of Prussia, is Sovereign of 
Masonry.* 

Art. 9. No Deputy Inspector can exercise his powers in 
a country where a Supreme Council of Inspectors General 
shall be established, unless he is approved by the said Su- 
preme Council. 

Art. 10. No Deputy Inspector heretofore received, or 
who may be received hereafter, by virtue of this Constitu- 
tion, shall have the power of granting certificates, or of 
giving the degree, of Knight Kadosh, or the degree above 
that. 

Art. 11. The degree of Knight Kadosh, and that of 
Prince of Royal Secret, shall never be given except in the 
presence of three Sovereign Grand Inspectors General. 

Art. 12. The Supreme Council will exercise all the 
Sovereign Powers with which Frederic II., King of Prussia 

* How could a Supreme Council be Sovereign of Masonry, if it had no 
power to interfere with any degree, or concern itself about any degree below 
the 17th, and if no appeal lay to it from bodies below that degree? And how 
could the Supreme Council of France charter Symbolic Lodges, under this 
rule? 



292 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

II y a deux fetes dans l'annee, Tune le ier Octobre, lors- 
que nos possessions furent sequestrees et donnees aux che- 
valiers de Malthe, et l'autre le 27 Decembre, fete d'Ordre 
de la Maconnerie. 

Art. 16. Chaque Inspecteur General du 33 degre, sera 
muni de ses titres de creance, conformement a la forme 
exprimee dans ce grade, pour lesquels il paiera au Secre- 
taire-General un Louis pour sa peine d'apposition des 
sceaux, et un Louis au Conseil pour subvenir a ses de- 
penses. 

Le grand sceau du Supreme Conseil est un grand aigle 
noir a deux tetes, le bee d'or, les ailes deploy6es, et tenant 
dans ses serres une epee nue ; sur un ruban deploye au- 
dessous est ecrit : Deus Meumque Jus ; et au-dessus de 
Taigle : Supreme Conseil du 33 s Degre. 

Art. 17. Un Inspecteur-General ne possede aucun pou- 
voir individuellement dans un pays ou est etabli un Con- 
seil Supreme, parce que la majorite des voix est necessaire 
pour rendre ses procedes legaux, excepte en vertu de pa- 
tentes accordees sp6cialement par le Conseil. 

Art. 18. Les sommes provenant des initiations dans les 
Conseils au-dessus des Princes de Jerusalem, seront re- 
mises dans les fonds des Supremes Conseils. 



Privileges attaches au 33 E Degre. 

Un Souverain Grand Inspecteur General portera son 
chapeau dans tous les Conseils et Loges, except^ dans le 
Conseil Supreme du 33 s degre, et aura le privilege de par- 
ler sans se lever de son siege. Lorsqu'un Souverain Grand 
Inspecteur General est annonce a la porte d'un Conseil au- 
dessus du i6 e grade, il sera regu sous la voute d'acier. Si 
le President n'est pas Inspecteur, il offrira son siege a T In- 
specteur visiteur qui a I'option de la refuser. Dans le 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 293 

was invested* ; and whenever it may be proper to protest 
against the Patents of Deputy Inspectors, as illegal, infor- 
mation thereof shall be sent to all the Supreme Councils of 
the world. 

Art. 13. The Supreme Council of the 33d degree is au- 
thorized to depute a Brother and member of the said Coun- 
cil, to establish a Council of the said degree in any coun- 
try designated by the present Constitution, he being under 
obligation to act in conformity to Article 2. 

These Deputies shall also have power to grant patents to 
the Deputy Inspectors General, who must have received 
the degree of Kadosh, to establish Lodges and Councils of 
the degrees above that of Knight of the Sun, in a country 
where no Sublime Lodges or Councils shall have been al- 
ready established. 

The manuscript of the degree shall not be given to any 
other Inspector, than to the two first officers of the Coun- 
cil, or to a Brother who goes into a remote country to 
establish this degree.f 

Art. 14. In all the processions of the Sublime degrees, 
the Supreme Council will march last, and the two first offi- 
cers will be the last of all ; the Grand Standard-Bearer of 
the Order will immediately precede them. 

Art. 15. The Assemblies of the Council will be held 

* 111.;. Bro.\ Carson translates etait revetu, " is possessed." It is odd that a 
Council in which Frederic was "present en personnel should speak of the 
powers with which he was invested. But then 111.*. Bro.\ Carson thinks that 
the statement as to his personal presence, is "probably incorrect ;" though "the 
old Manuscript" does not show that. 

f This Article is evidently corrupted. Le manuscrit de grade is meaningless. 
"The manuscript of degree" specifies no particular one. And which is " ce 
grade" that a brother is to establish in a remote country? It seems that the 
Article should read, Le manuscrit des grades (of the degrees) ; and that ce grade 
should be les grades, the degrees; or, as in the Latin Constitutions, "of the 
Sublime degrees." Or is the 33d degree referred to ? 

19 



294 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

Grand Conseil des Princes de Jerusalem et la sublime et 
ineffable loge des parfaits Macons, il sera place a la droite 
du Trois-fois Puissant, et pareillement en loge symbolique. 
Les autres privileges sont les memcs que ceux des Princes 
de Jerusalem. 

Un Souverain Grand Inspecteur General portera dans 
toutes les loges et Conseils les attributs de son grade. 

Chaque Inspecteur General doit avoir un certificat dans 
la forme suivante, ecrit en Francais et en Anglais, auquel 
tous les Inspecteurs Generaux signeront : 

Quand un Inspecteur General signe un papier Macon- 
nique, il joint a son nom les Titres de Kodosch, Prince de 
Royal Secret et Souverain Grand Inspecteur General du 
33 e degre, et contresigne par le Grand Secretaire-Gene- 
ral Kadosch, Prince de Royal Secret, Souverain Grand In- 
specteur General et Secretaire-General du Saint Empire. 



iSP This is followed by a patent in English, of the form 
used at Charleston in 1802, and a translation of it into 
French. 




CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 295 

every third new moon ; but it will assemble oftener if 
necessity requires it for the expediting- of business. 

There are two feasts in each year; one, the 1st of Octo- 
ber, when our possessions were sequestrated and given to 
Knights of Malta, and the other the 27th of December, 
Feast of the Order of Masonry. 

Art. 16. Every Inspector General of the 33d degree 
will be furnished with his titles of credence, conformably 
to the form expressed in that degree, for which he will 
pay to the Secretary General a Louis for his trouble in 
affixing the Seals, and a Louis to the Council to assist it in 
meeting its expenses. 

The Grand Seal of the Supreme Council is a large black 
eagle with two heads, the beak of gold, the wings displayed, 
and holding in its claws a naked sword ; upon a ribbon dis- 
played below is written, Deus Meumque Jus ; and above 
the Eagle, Supreme Council of the 33D Degree. 

Art. 17. An Inspector General possesses no power in- 
dividually, in a country where a Supreme Council is estab- 
lished, because a majority of votes is necessary to legalize 
his proceedings, except by virtue of patents specially 
granted by the Council. 

Art. 18. The sums proceeding from initiations in the 
Councils above the Princes of Jerusalem, shall be paid into 
the treasury of the Supreme Councils. 



Privileges attached to the 33D Degree.* 

A Sovereign Grand Inspector General will wear his hat 
in all Councils and Lodges, except in the Supreme Council 
of the 33d degree, and will have the privilege of speaking 

* All this is omitted by 111.*. Bro.". Carson. It is certainly given in the Re- 
cueil des Actes as an integral part of the Constitutions; 



296 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

without rising from his seat. When a Sovereign Grand 
Inspector General is announced at the door of a Council 
above the 16th degree, he will be received under the 
Vault of Steel. If the President is not Inspector, he will 
offer his seat to the visiting Inspector, with whom it is op- 
tional to refuse it. In the Grand Council of the Princes of 
Jerusalem and the Sublime and Ineffable Lodge of Perfect 
Masons, he will be placed at the right of the Thrice Puis- 
sant, and so in a Symbolic Lodge. The other privileges 
are the same as those of the Princes of Jerusalem. 

A Sovereign Grand Inspector General will wear in all 
the Lodges and Councils the attributes of his degree. 

Every Inspector General should have a certificate in the 
following form, written in French and in Englishf, which all 
the Inspectors General will sign : 

When an Inspector General signs a Masonic paper, he 
adds to his name the titles of Kadosh, Prince of Royal 
Secret, and Sovereign Grand Inspector General of the 33d 
degree, and countersigned by the Grand Secretary General 
Kadosh, Prince of Royal Secret, Sovereign Grand Inspec- 
tor General, and Secretary General of the Holy Empire. 

f Constitutions framed and enacted at Berlin, in Prussia, would hardly 
have required Patents to be in French and English. It is another proof that 
these Constitutions were an imperfect and abbreviated translation of the Latin 
ones, with the 5th Article changed, to enable the Comte de Grasse to make 
and command a Council in the French West Indies, where this addition to 
them was probably made. Nowhere else would it have been desirable that 
Patents should be in French and English. 



THE 



PRETENDED SECRET CONSTITUTIONS 

OF THE 

ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 



From an ancient Manuscript found in the Archives of the Grand Lodge 

of Louisiana. 

Albert Pike, 33 , Sov.\ Gr.\ Commander. 




INTRODUCTION. 

IN" the year 1860, I found among a great mass of Rituals 
and other old papers, kept in a confused condition in a 
large box, among the effects of the Grand Lodge of 
Louisiana, in a little, old, badly-written MS. book, of 
poor paper, a ritual of the 33d degree, followed by what 
purported to be the Secret Constitutions of that degree. The book 
was certified by Antoine Bideaud, 33°, in 1805, whose signature is 
well known to me, I having a Register made out by him in 1806, at 
Santiago de Cuba, for the 111. \ Bro. \ Jean Baptiste Villadieu, ' ' Sov. \ 
Prince of all the Masonic Orders," containing the Statutes of Knights 
of the East, Princes of Jerusalem and Knights Rose Croix, the Re- 
gulations of 1762, copies of the powers of Stephen Morin, Moses Co- 
hen and Hyman Isaac Long ; of the Letters Patent of 33d degree and 
member of the Supreme Council at Charleston, of the Bro. \ Comte 
de Grasse, certifying him to be also Grand Commander for life of the 
Supreme Council for the French Islands of America, dated February 
1, 1802, and of his Commission as Grand Representative near the 
Supreme Council of the French Islands, dated 3d August, 1802. 

This Register contains also the acceptance by the Bro. \ Bideaud, 
as a 32d, of the office of Deputy Grand Inspector-General, conferred 
on him by the Sovereign Grand Council of the Sovereign Grand In- 
spectors-General, at the Cape, for Santo Domingo and the Windward 
and Leeward French West India Islands. This is dated the 8th of 
July, 1802. 

There is also his obligation as Deputy Inspector-General, binding 
him, among other things, never to give a copy of the Regulations 
of the 33d degree to any person in the world, without the authoriza- 
tion of the Sov. •. Gr. \ Commander of that Sov. \ Gr. \ Council. 
This is dated July 11, 1802, and taken before the Bro. \ de Grasse 
as Sov. ••. Gr. \ Commander, and the Bro. \ Jean Louis Michel 
Palet, 111. \ Gr. \ Treasurer, H. .*. E. \ 
(299) 



30O INTRODUCTION. 

At p. 89 is a tableau of the Supreme Council, of the 33d degree, 
" established f 'or the Windward and Leeward French Isles of America, 
on the 21st day of the 12th month of the Masonic year 5801 " [21st Feb- 
ruary, 1802], composed as follows: 

Alex. F. Aug. de Grasse, Sov. \ Gr. \ Com. •. 
Jean B. Marie Delahogue, Lt. •. Gr. \ Com. •. 

Hero, Treas.\ H.\ E.\ 
Jean Louis Michel Dalet, Sec. •. H. •. E. \ 
Armand Caignet, Gr.-. M. •. of Ceremonies. 
Pierre Gerv. Nich. Toutain, Sov. \ Gr. \ Insp. •. Gen. \ 
Antoine Bideaud, " " " " 

Following this, is the Patent of Bideaud, as Sov. \ Gr. •. Insp. \ 
Gen. •, and member of that Sup. \ Council, dated 16th September, 
1802, and signed by de Grasse, Sov. \ Gr. ■. Com. \ , Delahogue, Lt. \ 
Gr. ". Com. ■. and Dalet, Sec. \ Gen. •. H. \ E. •. ; and his Patent as 
Deputy Insp. \ General, given by de Grasse, on the 8th of July, 1802, 
as Deputy Insp. \ Gen. \ under powers from Hyman Isaac Long. 

The Patent from the Bro. \ Hyman Isaac Long to the Bro. \ de 
Grasse, ' ' native of Versailles in France, Ex-Captain of Cavalry, and 
Engineer in the service of the United States of America," is dated 
12th November, 1796, at Charleston, creating him Deputy Grand 
Inspector-General; and was approved and confirmed by the Sub- 
lime Council of Princes of the Royal Secret at Kingston on the 10th 
of August, 1798. 

On the Tableau for 1802, of the Lodge Des Sept Frlres Munis, Or. % 
of Cap Francois, San Domingo, is this name, among the ' ' Affilies 
libres " of that Lodge : ' ' Antoike Bideaud, Negotiant, Ten. \ de la 
R. \ Loge la Reunion des Cosurs, Or. : de Jeremie, Natif de Bordeaux, 
Age de 48 ans, R. \ i|i. \ K. \ H. \ P. \ D. •. R. ■. S. \, D. •. I. ■. G. \" 

His Register contains a Patent of the 32d degree given to the 
Bro. \ Villadieu, which is signed by himself and the Brothers Eti- 
enne Fourteau and Pierre Jean Duhulquod, who were also 33ds, on 
the 10th of January, 1806. 

The Bro. '. Duhulquod, it is proven by documents existing in the 
Archives of the Grand Lodge of Louisiana, was afterwards in that 
State, and engaged there in the propagation of Masonry. He brought 
with him the Register spoken of, and divers Rituals, etc. {among 
others, Rituals of the Royal Arch, Mark Master and Past Master De- 
grees, translated from English into French, and containing the origines 



INTRODUCTION. 301 

and germs of those degrees as they are now worked in the United 
States ; which Rituals are now in our possession). 

When the bodies created by the Bro. '. Duhulquod died out, all 
their papers were sent up to the old Grand Lodge of Louisiana ; and 
had from that time remained there. 

I had the MSS. containing the 33d degree and Secret Constitu- 
tions bound, and fortunately copied the whole into my Register : 
fortunately, because, in 1865, the original was stolen from me at 
Richmond, with other contents of a travelling bag, and never re- 
covered. 

111. \ Bro. \ Edward A. Raymond, for many years prior to 1861, the 
Sov. \ Gr. '. Commander of the Supreme Council for the Northern 
Jurisdiction, always claimed to have, and did have certain "Secret 
Constitutions " denning his powers end investing him with a large 
and indefinite authority, which he would let no one see. The other 
members of the Supreme Council were inclined to revolt against 
being governed by laws which they were never allowed to read. 
Many years ago, the 111. \ Bro. \ John J. J. Gourgas, while Sov. \ 
Gr.\ Commander of the same body, after exacting from 111.-. Bro.*. 
Moses Holbrook, Sov. \ Gr. \ Commander of the Supreme Council, 
(as appears by his letter still preserved in the Archives of the latter 
Supreme Council,) an oath that he would keep them secret from 
every one, and deliver them only to his successor, sent him a copy 
of what he claimed to be the Secret Constitutions. 111. \ Bro. \ 
John Henry Honour, while Sov. \ Gr. \ Commander, had this copy, 
and when he resigned, he delivered it to 111. \ Bro. \ Charles Man- 
ning Furman, who succeeded him, and who retained the book from 
that time until his death in July, 1872. I have never seen this copy; 
and though I did once or twice request that it should be sent to me, 
and had no reply, I should never have taken any such obligation as 
was required of 111. \ Bro. \ Holbrook, nor, indeed, any obligation 
at all, in order to be put into possession of these Secret Constitu- 
tions : for I should certainly never have claimed any authority under 
them. 

Neither have I ever seen the copy that Bro.-. Raymond had. I do 
not know, therefore, that they, or those which Bro. \ Furman had, 
are the same which I now publish. But from the description given 
me by 111.-. Bro.\ Enoch T. Carson, Lieut. \ Gr.*. Commander of the 



302 



INTRODUCTION. 



Supreme Council for the Northern Jurisdiction, of the copy that 
Bro.\ Raymond had, and the language of Article X., quoted by him 
to me, I am completely satisfied that they are the same. 

It will be seen by the conclusion of these Secret Constitutions, 
that they purport to have been made at Paris, by the Sovereign 
Grand Inspectors General of the 33d degree, in session of the Sov. \ 
Senate and Grand Council, at Paris, in the year 1761 ; and that the 
Bro. \ Comte de Grasse certified the copy given by him to the Bro.\ 
Bideaud to be a true copy of the copy possessed by the Bro. - . Eti- 
ENSTE Mollis, transcribed upon the Bro.\ de Grasse's register. This 
certificate is authenticated and bears date the 8th of July, 1802, at 
Cap Francais, on the Island of San Domingo. 

To these Secret Constitutions are affixed the names, as signatures, 
of Cliaillon de Joinmlle, 33d, Topin, the Prince de Rohan, Brest de la 
Chaussee, Maximilien de St Simeon, 33d, the Comte de Choiseul, 33d, 
JBouchier de Lenoncourt and Dubantin, all of whom signed the Com- 
mission of Etienke Morix. 

It is quite certain, therefore, that the Bro.-. de Grasse had these 
Secret Constitutions, and claimed that they were authentic and 
genuine, and that they were the law of the high degrees. The copy 
in his register was made from one certified by Morin, unless he wil- 
fully lied in stating that fact. 

Morin's signature was well known, from the many official docu- 
ments that he had issued. He was present in the Consistory of the 
Royal Secret at Kingston in Jamaica, in January, 1769 ; and he gave 
the rank of Deputy Inspector General there to Henry Francken, be- 
fore that time. He was also the founder of a Lodge of Perfection 
there, previous to 1769. Probably each Deputy Inspector General 
had a copy of these Secret Constitutions, if they then existed. De 
Grasse, it is probable, obtained his copy in the West Indies. 

The Constitutions of 1762 several times speak of certain Secret 
Constitutions, as the Supreme law of the Order. And in the Proces- 
Yerbal of the Fete de l'Ordre, at the Summer Solstice, 1838, of the 
Supreme Council for France, it is claimed that that body was estab- 
lished in 1786, and that the Due d'Orleans was its first Grand Com- 
mander. In the list of Grand Inspectors General, the following are 
designated as its founders and those who were active members, un- 
til it fell asleep and was extinguished during the Revolution ; the 
Marquis de Bercy, Taillepied de Bondy, Comte de Clermont Ton- 
nerre, Marquis de Crussol, Marquis de Dolomieu, Epremenil, Comte 



INTRODUCTION. 303 

d'Esterno, Hericourt, Chaillon de Joinville, Comte de Mont-Morin, 
Savalette de Langes, and the Marquis de Sillery, Comte de Genlis. 

These Constitutions, it will be seen, claim to have emanated from 
Frederic III., King of Prussia, as Sov. \ Gr. \ Master in Chief of "the 
Army of the Sovereign Princes and Knights of the White and Black 
Eagle, comprising the Prussians, English and French; and in which 
are also the Knights Adepts of the Sun, the Knights of Libanus, of 
Royal Axe, of Rose Croix, of St. Andrew, of the East and West, the 
Princes of Jerusalem, the Grand Elect Perfect Masons, Royal Arch, 
the Mark and Past Masters, etc., etc." 

And in a very old Ritual, in my possession, of the 24th (Kadosh) 
and 25th (Sublime Prince of the Royal Secret) degrees of the Rite of 
Perfection, the same statement literally occurs. 

The "Grand Inspectors General'' and "Grand Inspectors" are 
spoken of in the Constitutions of 1762; as are "the Ancient and Se- 
cret Constitutions of the Order;" and "the Secret Constitutions of 
the Sovereign Grand Council." 

The reader is thus in possession of all that I know in regard to 
these Secret Constitutions. I publish them here, because they are 
somewhat of a curiosity, and I am under no obligation to keep them 
secret. I have intended to do so, ever since they were lugged into 
a dispute some years since, in regard to the Constitutions of 1786 ; 
and to show that they are entirely different from those Constitu- 
tions. It is time that the silly mystery concerning them should 
come to an end. Unknown Superiors are not more ridiculous than 
Secret Constitutions unknown to those who are governed by them. 
As to their authenticity, and when and where they were made, I 
leave every one to judge for himself. If I have an opinion on these 
questions, I do not care to express it. 



CONSTITUTIONS SECRETES. 



Si tu est sincere Macon, 

Ouvre et lis avec reflexion ! 

Mais ? N 'observe pas pourquoi, 

Et tais toi ! — 

Commence par la tete ! 

Finis par les pieds / 

Mais ? ne touche pas au corps / 



Elles contiennent les trois Rits, Ancien, Moderne, et 
fecossais, de la Franche Magonnerie Royale et Militaire, 
sur les deux H6mispheres. 



FREDERIC III., ROI DE PRUSSE. 

Souverain Grand Commandeur de Fauguste Se'nat. 



SECRET CONSTITUTIONS. 



If thou art a Mason in truth and deed, 

Open, and with reflection read, 

But ? Observe not zvhy, 

And be silent ! 

Begin at the head ! 

End at the feet ! 

But? Touch not the Body. 



They contain the three Rites, Ancient, Modern and 
Scottish, of the Royal and Military Free Masonry, over the 
two Hemispheres. 



FREDERIC III., KING OF PRUSSIA. 

Sovereign Grand Commander of the August Senate* 



GRANDES CONSTITUTIONS SECRETES 

OU 

REGLEMENS 

DES 

Souverains Grands Inspecteurs Generaux, 

33eme DEGRE, 

GRAND COMMANDEURS A VIE 

DE 

La Franche et Royale Maconnerie Ancienne et Moderne 

SUR 

LES DEUX HEMISPHERES; 

CONSTITUEES a 

PARIS, YORK ET BERLIN. 



ARTICLE I. 
Symbolique. 




N Sn.\ Gd.\ In.-. Gen.-. 33eme.\ degre a le pou- 
voir de faire des Macons en Loges, Colleges, Con- 
seils, Chapitres, Souverain Grand Conseil, Con- 
sistoire et Senat. II a la pr6rogative d'etre 
Souverain Commandeur a vie de toute la Maconnerie, mais 
il ne peut transferer ce droit qu'a un Sn,\ De.*. Gd.\ Ir.-. 
GL*. 33eme.*. degre comme lui, et qu'il jugeroit capable 
de faire executer et remplir les pouvoirs qu'il lui laisseroit 
en main. II faut done pour cela, qu'il connoisse en ce 
(306) 



GRAND SECRET CONSTITUTIONS 

OR 

REGULATIONS 

OF THE 

Sovereign Grand Inspectors General, 

33d DEGKREE, 

GRAND COMMANDERS FOR LIFE 

OF 

The Free and Royal Masonry, Ancient and Modern, 

OVER 

THE TWO HEMISPHERES; 

SETTLED AT 

PARIS, YORK AND BERLIN. 



ARTICLE I. 
Symbolic. 




SOVEREIGN Grand Inspector General 33d 
Degree, has the power to make Masons, in 
Lodges, Colleges, Councils, Chapters, Sovereign 
Grand Council, Conistory and Senate. He 
possesses the prerogative of being Sovereign Commander 
for life of all Masonry ; but he can transfer that right only 
to a Sovereign Grand Inspector General, 33d degree, like 
himself, and whom he shall deem capable of exercising and 
giving full effect to the powers placed in his hands. To 

(307) 



308 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

frere une volonte bien prononcee a faire ponctuellement 
executer les Constitutions Secretes, et qu'il soit vigilant 
a donner connoissance de ce qui se fait au Souverain Grand 
Ir.\ Gl.\ 33eme.\ le plus pres de lui, ou a defaut, en droit- 
ure au premier Gd.\ Orient, soit ancien soit moderne, de 
P.-. B.-. ou Y.\ 

ARTICLE II. 
Symbolique. 

Les Souverains Deputes Inspecteurs Generaux ont aussi 
le pouvoir* des Deputes, en raison des facultes intellectu- 
elles qu'ils voyent dans les Chevaliers ou Princes qu'ils 
veulent ou qu'ils ont besoin d'instituer et constituer. lis 
lui delivrent les pouvoirs necessaires, afin de visiter le pays 
ou il est, et qu'il puisse se presenter aux Loges, Colleges, 
Conseils, Chapitres, Souverain Grands Conseils, et Consis- 
toire, pour y prendre connoissance de leurs travaux, voir si 
ils se conforment aux Constitutions des Gds.\ Ots.\ qui 
leur ont ete delivrees ; a la charge par lui de faire part sur- 
le-champ a son Gd.\ Commandeur de ce qui se passe, soit 
en bien, soit en mal, et s'ils s'ecartoient des Reglemens, 
alors le S.\ Gd.\ Ier.\ Gl.\ se transporteroit sur les lieux, 
s J y feroit reconnoitre, et s'il ne trouvoit que des esprits 
opiniatres et tellement entetes de leurs fausses connoissan- 
ces qu'il ne put les amener a son but, il en ecrit a toutes 
les Loges de la Correspondance, aux trois Orients susdits, 
en motivant dans ses planches le jugement qu'il aura rendu, 
soit qu'il ait demoli, interdit ou casse ce qu'ils auroient fait. 
Les Gds.\ Ots.*. declarent de suite le jugement du Gd.*. 
Commandeur valide, en instruissant les Loges de corres- 
pondance, pour qu'elles aient a s'y conformer, et les Con- 
stitutions tombent d'elles memes. 

* Qu.P de nommer. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 309 

that end, he should be assured that such Brother hath a 
fixed resolution to cause punctually to be executed the Se- 
cret Constitutions ; and that he take care to report what is 
so done, to the nearest Sovereign Grand Inspector Gene- 
ral, or if there be none such, then to the first Grand Orient 
to which the same is due, whether Ancient or Modern, of 
Paris, Berlin or York. 

ARTICLE II. 

Symbolic. 

The Sovereigns Deputy Inspectors General have also the 
power of appointing Deputies; being governed therein by 
the intellectual capacity of the Knights and Princes whom 
they desire or need to institute and constitute. To these 
they deliver the needful powers, authorizing them to visit 
in the country wherein they are, and that they may present 
themselves in Lodges, Chapters, Councils, Colleges, Sov- 
ereign Grand Councils and Consistory, there to inform 
themselves as to their work, and to see whether they con- 
form to the Letters of Constitution granted them from the 
respective Grand Orients ; each Deputy being charged 
forthwith to advise the Grand Commander of all that is 
transacted, whether well or ill. And if those Bodies violate 
the Regulations, then the Sov.\ Grand Inspector General 
repairs to the spot, and if he finds the members obstinate, 
and so opinionated in their false knowledge as not to be 
controlled by him, he gives information of the same to all 
the Lodges of the Correspondence, and to the three Orients 
aforesaid, assigning reasons for what judgment he may 
have rendered ; whether he has demolished or interdicted 
the body, or quashed what it has done. Thereupon the 
Grand Orients declare his judgment valid and inform their 
subordinates thereof, that they may conform thereto ; and 
the Letters of Constitution of the offending body are there- 
by ipso facto cancelled and annulled. 
20 



310 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

ARTICLE III. 

Symbolique. 

Le Sn.\ Gd.\ Ir.\ Gal/, ou Gd.\ Commandeur a les 
memes droits que le Gd.-. Orient ou Senat. II peut sus- 
pend re, interdire, casser, annuller, tout ce qui sera hors des 
Reglemens. II ne sauroit trop etendre sa surveillance sur 
les Loges Bleues. C'est la principalement que se commet- 
tent les plus grands abus. Beaucoup meconnoissent les 
pouvoirs de quantites de freres qui possedent les hautes 
dignites. Les Maltres de ces Loges ne sauroient trop 
prendre de precautions pour eviter ces ecarts, auxquels se 
laissent entrainer des Macons, qui quoique n'etant point 
eleves en grade, se croient Maitres absolus de leur con- 
duite. Aussi est-ce en raison de cela que Ton a constitue a 
vie les Souverains Gd.'. Irs.*. Gx.\ que Ton a nanti des plus 
illimites pouvoirs, afin qu'ils corrigent les erreurs et arre- 
tent les progres du vice. 

ARTICLE IV. : 

College. 

Tout Souverain Gd.\ Dep.\ Ir.\ Gl.\ a le pouvoir d'in- 
stituer et de constituer Loges, Colleges, Conseils, Chapitres, 
Souverain Grand Conseil, Consistoire et Senat, de faire 
des Magons au dehors et meme en Loge s'il le juge a pro- 
pos ; de les elever en grades en leur faisant remettre les 
metaux determines entres les mains du Tresorier ; sans 
que le President ni Tatelier puisse lui faire la plus legere 
representation a ce sujet, sans se mettre dans leur tort, et 
sous le coup de la plus severe reprimande. Si le President 
■sq trouvoit posseder la meme dignite, alors le plus ancien 
dans l'endroit a le pas ; mais par decence, et faveur speciale, 
ile plus ancien offre toujours sa place et ses occupations au 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 311 

ARTICI E III. 

Symbolic. 

The Sov.\ Gd.\ Insp.*. Genl.\ or Grand Commander has 
the same powers as the Gr.\ Orient or Senate. He may 
suspend, interdict, quash, annul, everything contrary to the 
Regulations. He cannot exercise too strict a supervision 
over the Blue Lodges. It is chiefly in them that the great- 
est abuses occur. Many of them set at naught the powers 
of many brethren who are in possession of the highest 
Dignities. The Masters of those Lodges cannot take too 
much care to avoid these misdemeanors, which many Masons 
allow themselves to commit, who, though they have at- 
tained no high degree, think themselves absolutely their 
own masters. For which reason it is that the Sovereign 
Grand Inspectors General have been constituted for life 
and armed with unlimited power, to be enabled to correct 
these errors and stay the progress of such misconduct. 

ARTICLE IV. 

College. 

Every Sovereign Grand Deputy Inspector General has 
the power of instituting and constituting Lodges, Colleges, 
Councils, Chapters, Sovereign Grand Council, Consistory 
and Senate ; of making Masons without and even within a 
Lodge, if he thinks fit ; and of advancing them in the de- 
grees ; requiring them, however, to pay over the regular 
fees to the Treasurers of the proper bodies ; and the Presi- 
ing officer and Body cannot in the slightest degree inter- 
fere, without putting themselves in the wrong, and expos- 
ing themselves to the severest reprimand. If the Presiding 
officer possesses the same dignity, then the oldest in the 
place has precedence ; but through courtesy, and as a spe- 



312 CONSTITUTIONS ET RliiGLEMENS. 

visiteur ,qui a son tour doit en agir avec le me me hon- 
netete et decence. Apres la seance, le visiteur qui est Sn.\ 
De.\ Gd.\ Ir.\ Gl.\ doit demander la soumission des trav 
aux, qui doivent lui etre a l'instant presentes; et s'il y 
trouve quelque chose que ne soit pas dans l'Ordre, il fait 
paisiblement ses observations, et fait en sorte de les faire 
confirmer. 



ARTICLE V, 

College. 

Les Sns.\ Gds.\ Irs.'. Gx.*. Grands Commandeurs sont 
absolument les Maitres de l'Art Royale Militaire de l'an- 
cienne et moderne Magom^erie sur les deux Hemispheres. 
Ce sont eux qui la commandent et la regissent. lis en 
soutienment la dignite et en perpetuent la purete des max- 
imes. lis la preservent de la depravation, et compriment 
les desordres qui voudroient avoir lieu dans son sein. Quoi- 
que cet ordre sublime se soit toujours soutenu avec splen- 
deur et meme avec applaudissement, pour mieux le main- 
tenir et pour la conservation du Saint Empire, l'auguste 
Senat a juge a propos de constituer les Sns.'. Gds.\ Ins.*. 
G'ux.-. 

ARTICLE VI. 

College. 

Tout Commandeur a aussi le droit de faire des Regle- 
mens et Statuts pour les Loges, Colleges, Conseils, Chapi- 
tres, Souverain Grand Conseil, et Consistoire, a seul fin de 
supprimer tous les abus qui pourroient exister. Ses regle- 
mens doivent etre adoptes a la unanimite et sans restric- 
tion ; et s'il eprouvoit la moindre desobeissance dans leur 
acceptation, il en ecrira de suite aux Orients, qui sur son 
plainte retireront les Constitutions. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 313 

cial favor, offers his place and opportunity to exercise his 
prerogative, to the visitor ; who, in his turn, ought to act 
with the same politeness and courtesy. After the session, 
the visiting Sovereign Deputy Grand Inspector General 
should require the work to be submitted to him ; and that 
should be forthwith done ; and if he finds therein any ir- 
regularity, he quietly points it out and has it corrected. 

ARTICLE V. 

College. 

The Sovereign Grand Inspectors General, Grand Com- 
manders, are absolute Masters of the Royal and Military 
Art of Ancient and Modern Free Masonry over the two 
Hemispheres. It is they that rule and govern it. They 
uphold its dignity, and perpetuate the purity of its maxims. 
They preserve it from depravation, and repress the disor- 
ders likely to arise in its bosom. Although this Sublime. 
Order has at all times maintained itself with splendor and 
even with applause, yet the better to preserve it unim- 
paired, and to perpetuate the Holy Empire, the august 
Senate has thought proper to create the Sovereign Grand 
Inspectors General. 

ARTICLE VI. 

College. 

Every Commander has also the right of making Regula- 
tions and Statutes for the Lodges, Colleges, Councils, 
Chapters, Sovereign Grand Council and Consistory, for 
the sole purpose of suppressing all such abuses as may 
exist. His Regulations should be adopted unanimously, 
and without qualification ; and if he should meet with the 
least disobedience by refusal to accept them, he will at once 
advise the Grand Orients thereof, and upon such his com- 



314 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

ARTICLE VII. 
College. 

Les Souverains Commandeurs sont charges de mettre la 
paix et la union entre des freres qui ne seroient pas d'ac- 
cord, de meme qu'entre des Loges d'un meme endroit qui 
auroient quelques difficultes entre elles. lis font en sorte 
de les amenir a parfaite union et bonne intelligence, par la 
voix de la douceur, de la franchise et de la fraternite, et si 
l'une de ces Loges ou toutes les deux se refuserent a con- 
noitre l'autorite et la mediation du Sn.\ Gd.\ In.*. Gl.\, le 
cas alors devient grave, et la cassation ne peut etre evitee. 
Car meconnoitre un Sn.\ Gd.\ In.*. Gl.\ c'est meconnoitre 
des Constitutions aussi anciennes que le monde, c'est me- 
connoitre les Fondateurs de l'Art Royal, ceux qui lui ont 
donnee naissance, et enfin ceux qui en etoient les deposi- 
taires et qui Font conserve jusqu' a ce jour. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

College. 

La dignit6 d'un Sn.\ Gd.\ In.-. Gl.\ ou Commandeur, 
est a vie. Elle eraane des trois Orients, Ancien, Moderne 
et Ecossais. C'est pour cela qu'un Souverain Prince Com- 
mandeur ou Souverain Grand Inspecteur Gl.\ a tous les 
droits et pouvoirs sur toute la Maconnerie des deux 
Mondes, dont il est le chef Supreme, representant lui-meme 
personellement les trois Grands Orients. 

ARTICLE IX. 

Conseil. 

Les presentes Constitutions Secretes sont 6manees de 
notre P.*. et 111.-. F.\ Frederic III. Roi de Prusse, Grand 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 315 

plaint, the Letters of Constitution of the offending body 
will be withdrawn. 

ARTICLE VII. 

College. 

The Sovereign Commanders are charged with bringing 
about peace and union between brethren who disagree, as 
also between Lodges that, being in the same place, have 
difficulties with one another. Between such Lodges they 
restore perfect union and good understanding by mildness, 
frankness and fraternity ; and if one or both of such Lodges 
refuse to acknowledge the authority or accept the mediation 
of the Sovereign Grand Inspector General, then the matter 
becomes serious, and the cassation of the Lodge or Lodges 
unavoidable. For, the refusal to recognize a Sovereign 
Grand Inspector General, is to refuse to recognize the 
Constitutions as ancient as the world is ; is to disown the 
Founders of the Royal Art, to whom it owes its origin, and 
those to whom it was entrusted, and who have preserved 
it to this day. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

College. 

The office of Sovereign Grand Inspector General or 
Commander is for life. It emanates from the Three 
Orients, the Ancient, the Modern, and the Scottish. It is 
for that reason that a Sovereign Prince Commander or 
Sovereign Grand Inspector General has all rights and 
powers over the whole of the Masonry of the two worlds, 
and is its Supreme Chief, himself representing in his own 
person the three Grand Orients. 

ARTICLE IX. 

Council. 

The present Secret Constitutions have emanated from 
our Puissant and 111/. Bro.\ Frederic III., King of Prussia, 



316 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

Maitre Souverain en Chef de l'armee des Souverains 
Princes et Chevaliers de l'Aigle Blanc et Noir y compris 
les Prussiens, les Anglais et les Frangais, de meme que les 
Chevaliers Adeptes du Soleil, du Liban, de Royal Arche, 
de Rose Croix, de St.*. Andre, Chevalier d'Orient et d'Oc- 
cident, de Jerusalem, Grands Elus Parfaits, Royal Arche, 
Marque et Passe Maitre, etc., etc., etc. 

Tout Sn.\ G.\ I.\ G.\ 33eme exercera les m&mes droits 
que les Grands Orients. 11 fait respecter les Reglemens, 
tient la main a leur execution, afin que le depot du Saint 
Empire soit conserve a perpetuite. 

ARTICLE X. 

Conseil. 

Toutes Loges, Colleges, Conseils, Chapitres, etc., qui 
ne se conformeront pas aux presentes Constitutions Se- 
cretes, c'est a dire aux trois Rites, Ancien, Moderne et Ecos- 
sais, sont dans le cas de cassation et sans replique. De 
plus, si l'un de ces trois Rites vouloit meconnoitre l'au- 
torite d'un Sn.\ G.\ I.'. Gl.\ Gd.\ Commandeur de l'Ordre, 
il lui sera presente seulement l'Article qui le condamne, 
sans lui donner connoissance de la totalite des presentes 
Constitutions Secretes, qu'on ne doit exhiber qu'a un 
Grand Commandeur de TOrdre; et si on ne pouvoit le 
convaincre de ses torts par exhibition du present titre et 
Article, ou employera du raisonnements de moderation : et 
enfin, si l'opiniatrete continuoit, ii seroit de suite destitue 
et casse a jamais. 

ARTICLE XI. 

Conseil. 

Quand un Sn.\ D.\ I.-. G.\ Gd.\ Commandeur se pre- 
sente a la porte d'une Loge, d'un College, d'un Conseil, 
d'un Chapitre, etc., etc., le President en doit etre instruit 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 317 

Sovereign Grand Master in Chief of the Army of the 
Sovereign Princes and Knights of the White and Black 
Eagle, comprising the Prussians, English and French ; and 
in which are also the Knights Adept of the Sun, the 
Knights of Libanus, of Royal Axe, of Rose Croix, of St. 
Andrew, of the East and West, the Princes of Jerusalem, 
the Grand Elect, Perfect Masons, Royal Arch, the Mark 
and Past Masters, etc., etc., etc. 

Every Sovereign Gd.\ Inspector General of the 33d de- 
gree will exercise the same rights as the Grand Orients. 
He causes the Regulations to be respected and sees to 
their execution, to the end that the trust of the Holy Em- 
pire may be forever preserved. 

ARTICLE X. 

Council. 

All Lodges, Colleges, Councils, Chapters, etc., which 
shall not conform to the present Secret Constitutions, that 
is to say, in the three Rites, Ancient, Modern, and Scot- 
tish, are liable to be definitively suppressed. Moreover, if a 
Mason of one of these three Rites should undertake to dis- 
own the authority of a Sovereign Grand Inspector Gene- 
ral Grand Commander of the Order, there will be shown 
to him only the Article that condemns him, without mak- 
ing known to him the whole of the present Secret Consti- 
tutions, which are to be exhibited only to a Grand Com- 
mander of the Order ; and if he cannot be convinced of his 
unlawful course by the exhibition of the present title and 
Article, the arguments of moderation will be employed ; 
and if he persists in his obstinacy, he will be expelled from 
Masonry and forever cashiered. 

ARTICLE XI. 
Council. 
When a Sovereign Deputy Inspector General Grand 



31 8 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

d'avance de suite il fait former la voute d'acier, et il envoye 
sept freres armes d'une etoile chacun, de meme que de leurs 
glaives et des drapeaux du local, observant qu'il faut que 
le frere porteur du drapeau possede le grade du drapeau 
dont il est arrae. Les freres de la deputation font un dis- 
cours au Souverain Commandeur, et l'introduisent sous la 
voute d'acier, jusqu'au trone ou etant rendu, le President 
lui offre son maillet, qu'il accepte, s'il le veut, pour le mo- 
ment, et s'il ne le veut pas, il remercie le President et prend 
place a sa droite. 

On n'a pas le droit de tuiller un Souverain Grand Com- 
mandeur. II fait son entree comme un Chevalier Kadosh : 
et de plus, lorsqu'il est en Loge ou Chapitre, etc., etc., il a 
le droit d' y commander, s'il voit que les travaux ne soient 
pas conformes aux Reglemens. 

ARTICLE. XII. 

Conseil. 

Le Souverain Senat s'assemblera par quartier, savoir, le 
7 Juin, le 7 Septembre et le 7 Decembre. Tous les S.\ G.\ 
L*. G.\ Gd.\ Commandeurs de l'Ordre s'y reuniront, pour 
rendre compte chacuns de leurs missions, des travaux qu' 
ils aurcnt faits, et de ce qu ils pourroient avoir re$u des 
Souverains Commandeurs qui sont en voyage dans pays 
eloignes. Chaque assemblee de quartier, le Souverain Se- 
nat des Sns.\ Gd.\ Irs.*. Gnx.\ Gds.\ Commandeurs, sur le 
rapport ou plainte qui lui sont portes par un S.\ G.\ I.*. G.\ 
Gd.\ Commandeur, prend un nouvel arrete sur la Loge, 
Conseil, College, Chapitre, Grand Conseil, Consistoire, et 
Senat, dont il s' agit. 

ARTICLE XIII. 

Conseil. 

Les Sns.\ Gds.\ Irs.-. Gnx.\ Gds.\ Commandeurs sont 
crees par le Souverain Senat, qui nomine aussi neuf Com- 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 319 

Commander presents himself at the door of a Lodge, Col- 
lege, Council, Chapter, etc., etc., etc., the President is to 
be advised thereof before he enters, and he at once forms 
the vault of steel, and sends out to him seven brethren, 
armed with a star each, and with their swords, and bear- 
ing also the flags of the body, taking care that every Bro.\ 
who bears a flag shall have attained at least to the degree 
to which such flag appertains. On behalf of the Brethren 
of the Deputation an address is made to the Sov.\ Com- 
mander, and they conduct him, under the vault of steel, up 
to the throne, where arriving, the President offers him his 
mallet, which he accepts, if he pleases, for the moment, 
and if he does not, he thanks the President and takes his 
place on his right. 

A Sovereign Grand Commander is never tiled. He 
enters as a Kt.\ Kadosh ; and moreover, when in a Lodge, 
Chapter, etc., he has the right to command there, if he sees 
that the work does not conform to the Regulations. 

ARTICLE XII. 

Council. 

The Sovereign Senate will meet quarterly, that is to say, 
on the 7th of June, the 7th of September, and the 7th of 
December. All the Sov.\ Gr.\ Ins.'. Gl.\ Gd.\ Comman- 
ders of the Order will meet there, each to give an account 
of his mission ; of the work he has done, and of whatever 
may have been received from the Sov.\ Commanders who 
are travelling in remote countries. At each quarterly as- 
sembly, the Sovereign Senate of the Sovereign Grand 
Inspectors General Grand Commanders, on report or 
complaint addressed to it by a Sov.\ Giy. Inspector Genl.\ 
Gd.\ Commander, decides de novo in regard to the Lodge, 
Council, College, Chapter, Grand Council, Consistory and 
Senate in question. 



320 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

missaires Grands Presidents et Grands Orateurs des au- 
gustes Consistoires, possedant le sublime grade de Souve- 
rain Commandeur, pour pouvoir faire executer et main- 
tenir ce que prescrivent les Grandes Constitutions Secretes 
dont on ne peut donner connoissance qu' a, un Sn.\ De.*. 
G. # . I.*. G.\ Gd.\ Commandeur, et jamais a aucun autre, 
sous quelque pretexte que ce soit. 

ARTICLE XIV. 

Conseil. 

Tout Sn.\ D.\ G.\ I.*. G.\ Grand Commandeur a le 
droit de delivrer des Constitutions definitives depuis le 
symbolique jusqu' au le 33eme degre, sans que aucun Chev- 
alier ou Prince puisse faire la moindre observation. Tels 
sont nos vceux et nos intentions, voulant et pretendant que 
les presentes Grandes Constitutions soient misees a execu- 
tion dans leur plein entier contenu. 

ARTICLE XV. 

Conseil. 

Les Ratifications se font par le Souverain Senat, tant 
pour les patentes de Sn.\ D.\ G.\ I.*. G.\ G.\ Grand Com- 
mandeur, que pour les Constitutions. Mais a defaut, lorsqu'- 
on est constitue par le Souverain Commandeur, ses pieces 
sont aussi authentiques que celles du Senat, et portent d'- 
avance leur ratification. Tout ce que le Souverain Com- 
mandeur peut faire ses Grands Pouvoirs l'y autorisent 

ARTICLE XVI. 

Chapitre. 

Chaque S.\ G.\ D.\ I.*. G.\ Grand Commandeur aura 

deux registres, Tun pour ces Reglemens, Constitutions, et 

Creations, l'autre pour les proces-verbaux, les plaintes, les 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 32 1 

ARTICLE XIII. 

Council. 

The Sow. Gr.\ Inspectors General Grand Commanders 
are created by the Sovereign Senate, which also appoints 
nine Commissioners Grand Presidents and Grand Orators 
of the august Consistories, possessing the sublime Degree 
of Grand Commander, in order to provide for the execu- 
tion and maintenance of what is prescribed by the Grand 
Secret Constitutions, Avhich can only be made known to a 
Sovereign Deputy Grand Inspector General Grand Com- 
mander, and never to any other person under any pretext 
whatever. 

ARTICLE XIV. 

Council. 

Every Sovereign Deputy Gd.\ Insp.*. Genl.\ Gr.\ Com- 
mander has the right to issue definitive Letters of Consti- 
tution for Bodies from the Symbolic Degrees to the 33d, 
without any Knight or Prince having any right to object. 
Such are our will and intention, we meaning and intending 
that these present Grand Constitutions shall be carried into 
execution in the entirety of their tenor and effect. 

ARTICLE XV. 

Council. 

The Sovereign Senate ratifies the Patents and Constitu- 
tions granted by a Sov.\ Dep.\ Gr.\ Insp.*. Gen.-. Gr.\ 
Commander. But without that, when a body is consti- 
tuted by the So v.*. Commander, the Letters of Constitution 
issued by him are as authentic as those of the Senate, and 
import in advance their ratification. The great powers of 
a Sov.\ Commander authorize him to do everything what- 
ever that he may do. 



322 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

arretes et autres objets de cette nature, a seul fin d' y avoir 
recours a. besoin. II aura toujours la precaution d' y faire 
signer les officiers dignitaires de la Loge, ou du College, 
Conseil, Chapitre, Souverain Grand Conseil, etc., et afin de 
mieux constater l'exactitude de ces travaux et la marche 
reguliere qu'il aura tenu dans ses fonctions. 



ARTICLE XVII. 

Chapitre. 

Un S.\ G.\ I.\ G.\ Grand Commandeur doit etre sobre, 
modere et pacifique, jusqu'a un certain point, sans par- 
tialis, Grand Observateur des Loix, strict en ses eminentes 
qualites, severe quand le cas l'exige. II doit donner les 
principes de sagesse de maniere a faire respecter l'Ordre 
Royale et a faire suivre les traces des premiers Patriarches 
qu'on nomma les Eleves de la Perfection, dont l'avis et 1' 
intention furent toujours que les anciennes ef secretes con- 
stitutions de l'Ordre auguste fussent entierement et a 
jamais conservees et observees. 



ARTICLE XVIII. 

Chapitre. 

Les S.\ G.\ I.*. G.\ Grand Commandeurs sont obliges 
de faire observer les fetes des Chapitres qui sont pratiquees 
six fois par an, et sont d'obligation. On consultera le regie- 
ment du Souverain Chapitre de Royal Arche et ceux du 
Souverain Chapitre de Rose Croix. Dans les deux Chapi- 
tres on est tenu a la charite envers les pauvres, et a. rem- 
plir tous les devoirs, en general, qui sont obligatoires. 
C'est aux S.\ G.\ I.*. G.\ a surveiller et faire executer tous 
les Reglemens qu'y sont relatifs. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 323 

ARTICLE XVI. 

> Chapter. 

Every Sovereign Deputy Grand Inspector General 
Grand Commander will have two Registers ; one for his 
Regulations, Constitutions and creations, and the other for 
records, plaints, decrees, and other matters of like nature, 
for the purpose of reference in case of necessity. He will 
always take the precaution to have the proper signatures 
thereto of the officers-dignitaries of the Lodge, or of the 
Council, College, Chapter, Sovereign Grand Council, etc., 
the more fully to authenticate the correctness of his work, 
and the regularity of his official acts. 

ARTICLE XVII. 

Chapter. 

A Sov.\ Gr.\ Insp.*. Gen.*. Gd.\ Commander should be 
sober, moderate, and, to a certain point, pacific ; without 
partiality ; a profound observer of the laws, strict in the 
exercise of his eminent powers ; severe when a case re- 
quires it. He should inculcate the principles of wisdom, 
in such manner as to cause the Royal Order to be respect- 
ed, and the footsteps of those early Patriarchs to be fol- 
lowed, who were called the Pupils of Perfection ; and 
whose instructions and intent always were that the An- 
cient and Secret Constitutions of the august Order should 
be in all their parts and always preserved and obeyed. 

ARTICLE XVIII. 

Chapter. 

The Sovereign Grand Inspectors General Grand Com- 
mander are to cause to be observed those feasts of the 
Chapters, six in each year, that are obligatory. The Regu- 



324 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

ARTICLE XIX. 
Sonverain Grand Conseil. 

Le S.'. L\ G.\ Grand Commandeur aura le soin de faire 
munir le Souverain Grand Conseil de Patentes Constitu- 
tionelles, qu'il delivrera et fera delivrer par l'auguste 
Senat des Souverains Commandeurs. 

II est expressement ordonne a un S.\ G.\ I.". G.\ Grand 
Commandeur de ne point communiquer avec un Souverain 
Grand Conseil qui ne seroit point constitue, et de ne cor- 
responds avec aucuns, qu' apres avoir pris connaissance 
de ses patentes constitutionelles, apres quoi il devra corres- 
pondre et meme le surveiller. 

ARTICLE XX. 
i Souverain Grand Conseil. 

An S.\ I.\ G.\ G.\ Commandeur personne au monde 
n'a le droit de faire le proces, pas meme lui faire subir 
aucune penitence. II se 1'impose lui-meme ; et c'est a la 
Cour Sou veraine des Grands Commandeurs que s'invoquent 
les causes qui le concernent. Lorsque le Souverain Com- 
mandeur, 33eme degre est assis soit en Loge, College, ou 
Conseil, etc., il faut seulement une profonde inclination de 
tete au President, qui la lui rend : puis il salue de memel'- 
Atelier. 

Quand il y a plusieurs Sns.\ Commandeurs, ils restent 
assis quand il entre un ; et lorsqu'il a pris sa place, il salue 
les dits Commandeurs, avant le President de la Loge ou 
Conseil ; et ils lui rendent pareillement le salut. 

ARTICLE XXI. 

Souverain Grand Conseil. 

Les Souverains Commandeurs, 33eme degre, en quelque 
Loge qu'ils se trouvent, sont soujours admis le chapeau sur 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 325 

lations of the Sovereign Chapter of Royal Arch will be re- 
garded, and those of the Sovereign Chapter of Rose Croix. 
In both Chapters one is bound to be charitable to the poor, 
and, generally, to perform all the duties which devolve 
upon him. It is for the Sow. Gr.\ Insp.*. Gen.*, to exer- 
cise due supervision, and cause all the Regulations that re- 
late thereto to be observed. 

ARTICLE XIX. 
Sovereign Grand Council. 

The Sow. Insp.*. Gen.-. Giv. Commander will take care 
that the Sov.\ Gr.\ Council is furnished with Letters-Pa- 
tent of Constitution, which he will deliver and cause to be 
delivered by the august Senate of Sovereign Commanders. 

Every Sov.\ Gr.\ Insp.'. Genl.\ Grand Commander is 
expressly forbidden to communicate with any Sow. Gr.\ 
Council, that is without Letters of Constitution, or to cor- 
respond with one, until he has first examined its Letters 
Patent of Constitution, after which he will correspond with 
and even supervise it. 

ARTICLE XX. 

Sovereign Grand Council. 

No person in the world has the right to institute any 
proceeding against a Sov.\ Insp.*. Genl.\ Gr.\ Commander, 
nor even cause him to submit to any penance. He im- 
poses that upon himself; and all causes that concern him 
are called up into the Sovereign Court of the Grand Com- 
manders. When a Sov.\ Commander, 33d Degree, is about 
to seat himself, in Lodge, College, Council, etc., he merely 
makes a profound inclination of the head to the President, 
who returns it, and he then in the same way salutes the 
Body itself. 

When there are several Sow. Commanders, and one en- 
21 



325 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

la tete, et 1' epee en cote, qu'on ouvre ou qu'on ferme. lis 
sont exempts de toutes questions, ou pour mieux dire, c'est 
a leur volonte, car quand ils veulent s'en exempter, ils 
n'ont qua mettre 1' epee a la main. Par privilege et hon- 
neur, on leur designe un fauteuil a cote du President a sa 
droite. 

Ils peuvent se lever de leurs places, sortir et entrer sans 
etre tenus de faire la moindre soumission au President. 
Dans les banquets ils peuvent boire sans attendre les santes 
d'obligation. 

ARTICLE XXII. 

Sonverain Grand Conseil. 

\De V anciennete des Grandes Constitutions Secretes. De V 
crigine exacte de nos symboles et de quelle source sortent nos 
cere 1 monies et my 's teres.'] 

Les Assideens,* Secte Juive etoit divisee en t^farn> qui 
veut dire " Misericordieux" et en lD^D* 1 "!^* qui veut dire 
" Justes." Ils furent les predecesseurs et les freres des 
Esseniens et des Pharisiens. Pour parvenir l'etat de saint- 
ete et de purete ils faisaient au dela de ce que la loi leur 
prescrivoit. Leurs secrets Reglemens le denotent assez 
clairement. Les Atheniens, a qui ils furent transmis par la 
tradition orale appelloient cette doctrine Mvotikov, c'est a 

* In the time of Antiochus Epiphanes, King of Syria, (167 B. c.,) the stan- 
dard of revolt was raised against the Syrian masters of the Jews, by a priest 
named Mattathias, whose five sons were afterwards called the Maccabees. He 
was the son of Johanan, who was the son of Simeon, son of Hasmon, of the 
Sacerdotal division or household of Jehoiarib [1 Chron 24 : 7]. From the 
name of his great-grandfather, his family were called Q^^^n:" Khasmonim, 
Hasmoneens or Asmoneans. 

All the true friends of the Hebrew religion and nationality joined Matta- 
thias ; and these patriots were styled CH^On? Khasidim, Hasideans, or As- 
sideans, Acidaioi, the Pious [1 Mace. vii. 13 ; 2 Mace, xiv: 6], by way of oppo- 
sition to the Impious, who sided with the Greek tyrants. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 327 

ters, the others remain seated, and when he has taken his 
place he salutes the others, before saluting the President of 
the Lodge or Council ; and they return the salute. 

ARTICLE XXI. 
Sovereign Grand Council. 

The Sov.\ Commanders 33d Degree, in whatever Lodge 
they may be present, are always admitted wearing their 
hats, and sword by the side, whether the Lodge is open or 
closed. They are subject to no question, or rather that is 
as they please ; for when they wish to be exempt there- 
from, they have only to take their sword in their hand. As 
a mark of privilege and honor, an arm-chair is set for each 
by the side of the President, on his right. 

They may rise from their seats, retire and return again 
without having to ask permission of the President ; and at 
banquets they may drink without waiting for the obliga- 
tory healths. 

ARTICLE XXII. 
Sovereign Grand Council. 

\Of the Antiquity of the Grand Secret Constitutions ; of the 
real origin of our symbols ; and from what source our mysteries 
and ceremonies have co7ne.~\ 

The Assideans, a Jewish sect, was divided into the Raha- 
mim, which means " the Merciful," and the Tsadikim, which 
means " the Just." They were the predecessors and 
brothers of the Essenes and Pharisees. To attain unto the 
estate of Holiness and Purity, they went in strictness far 
beyond what the law required. This is clearly evidenced 
by their Secret Regulations. 

The Athenians, to whom their doctrine was transmitted 
by oral tradition, called it " Mystikon" that is to say, the 



328 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

dire " Philosophie Sublime." Ces memes Reglemens n'- 
etoient confies qu'aux grands Commandeurs de leur Ordre, 
qui ne les transmettoient qu'a des personnes qui en etoient 
dignes, et dont ils etaient prealablement bien assures. 

ARTICLE XXIII. 

Souverain Grand Conseil. 

Toute Loge, College, Conseil, Chapitre, Souverain Grand 
Conseil et Consistoire, qui meconnoitroit l'autorite et le 
pouvoir d'un Souverain Grand Commandeur, seroit premi- 
erement interdite, secondement cassee et annullee jusqu'a un 
jugement definitif de la Cour Souverain, que le Souverain 
Grand Commandeur instruiroit, mais bien entendu con- 
firme toujours la sentence du dit Souverain Grand Com- 
mandeur ; et alors chaque frere ainsi que le President 
seront depouillis de toutes pieces constatant leur etat Ma- 
gonnique, et renvoyes dans la vie profane. 

Toutes les Loges, Colleges, ConseiJs, etc., en seront in- 
struites par un tableau que le Souverain Grand Command- 
eur leur addressera, afin qu'ils evitent d'admettre a l'avenir 
dans leur sein quelques uns de ces freres, s'ils osoient se 
presenter. 

ARTICLE XXIV. 
Souverain Grand Conseil. 

Tout D.\ G.\ I.'. G.\ Grand Commandeur a le droit de 
visiter les Loges, Colleges, Conseils, Chapitres, Souverains 
Grands Conseils, et Senat de 1' Ancienne et Moderne Franche 
Maconnerie, d' inspecter, visiter leurs travaux, scruter les 
Registres, dresser proces verbaux et les faire signer par 
les officiers dignitaires, conformement aux presents pou- 
voirs. 

Chez les Esseniens son nom etoit &Ol£5J"i, qui veut dire 
Interprete des choses secretes et saintes, et porteurs des 
grands pouvoirs de l'Ordre. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 319 

" Sublime Philosophy" These maxims were entrusted only 
to the Grand Commanders of their Order; who transmit- 
ted them to none others than those who were worthy 
thereof, and with whose qualifications they had first made 
themselves fully acquainted. 

ARTICLE XXIII. 

Sovereign Grand Council. 

Every Lodge, Council, College, Chapter, Sovereign 
Grand Council and Consistory, which shall disown the 
authority and power of a Sovereign Grand Commander, is 
for the first offence to be interdicted, and for the second 
to be quashed and suppressed, subject to the definitive 
judgment of the Sovereign Court, to which the Sov.\ 
Grand Commander will report, it being well understood 
that his sentence will be by it in all cases confirmed. And 
thereupon each Brother of the offending Body, as well as 
the President, will be deprived of all the evidences of their 
being Masons, and be remitted to the condition of Pro- 
fanes. All the Lodges, Colleges, Councils, etc., will be ad- 
vised of this by means of a tableau which the Sow. Gr.\ 
Commander will forward to each, that they may thereafter 
admit as visitors none of such Brethren, if they dare pres- 
ent themselves. 

ARTICLE XXIV. 

Sovereign Grand Council. 

Every Deputy Gr.\ Insp.\ General Gr.\ Commander has 
a right to visit all Lodges, Colleges, Councils, Chapters, 
Sov.\ Gr.\ Councils, and Senate of the Ancient and Mo- 
dern Free Masonry, of inspecting and examining their 
work, examining their Registers, drawing up reports 
thereof and causing the same to be signed by the officers- 
dignitaries, conformably to the present powers. 



330 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

ARTICLE XXV. 

Souverain Grand Conseil. 

Aucune Loge, College, Conseil, Souverain Grand Con- 
seil, Chapitre ou Consistoire, s'il n'est constitue par un 
Grand Orient, ou par un Souverain Grand Depute Inspec- 
teur General Grand Commandeur, n'a droit de faire des 
receptions, a moins qu'il ne se soit mis en demande ; et s'il 
vient a savoir qu'il se trouve dans l'endroit quelque Souv- 
erain Commandeur, il doit se presenter a lui et lui rendre 
compte de ses operations et de ses demarches. Alors il 
s'evite un voyage, parceque le Souverain Commandeur le 
constitue comme bon lui semble et le met a meme de con- 
tinuer ses travaux, sans avoir autre soumission a faire a qui 
que ce soit. 

ARTICLE XXVI. 
Grand Conseil. 

Tout Loge, College, Conseil, Souverain Chapitre, Souv- 
erain Grand Conseil, tant de l'Ancienne que de la Moderne 
Maconnerie, qui voudra augmenter de Grade, s'addressera 
au Souverain Commandeur, si toutefois il s'en trouve un 
dans l'endroit ou dans les environs ; et a defaut de ce, il ne 
pourra l'obtenir qu'en s'addressant au Souverain Grand 
Orient. 

Tout Souverain Commandeur qui instituera ou constitu- 
era Loges, Colleges, Conseils, Chapitres, Souverains Grands 
Conseils, peut nommer lui-meme, les freres qu'il croira les 
plus capables aux plus hautes Dignites, comme President, 
ier et 2eme Surveillants, Orateur et Secretaire. 

ARTICLE XXVII. 

Grand Consistoire. 

Tout Chevalier Prince de Rose Croix qui feroit des 
Macons, devra s'instruire s'il n'y a pas quelque frere Sou- 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 331 

Among the Essenes their title was " Hanashia" which 
means " Interpreter of hidden and Holy things, and invested 
with the grand Powers of the Order." 

ARTICLE XXV. 

Sovereign Grand Council. 

No Lodge, College, Council, Sovereign Grand Council, 
Chapter or Consistory, not constituted by a Grand Orient 
or by a Sov.*. Gr.\ Dep'y Insp.\ Gen'l.-. Gr.\ Commander, 
can of right receive and initiate, unless it has applied for 
Letters of Constitution, and if it learns that any Sov.*. 
Commander is in the vicinity it should apply to him, and 
report to him its work and proceedings. It thus avoids a 
journey, since the Sov.*. Commander will constitute it as 
may seem good to him, and put it in condition to continue 
its labors ; and it will not need to apply to any other auth- 
ority whatsoever. 

ARTICLE XXVI. 
Grand Consistory. 

Every Lodge, College, Council, Sov.*. Chapter, Sov.-. 
Gr.\ Council, as well of Ancient as of Modern Masonry, 
that shall desire to increase in degree, will apply to a Sov.*. 
Grand Commander, if there be one in the same place or 
its vicinity ; and if there be none, then it can obtain its 
wish only by applying to the Sov.*. Grand Orient. 

Every Sovereign Commander who shall institute or con- 
stitute Lodges, Colleges, Councils, Chapters, Sovereign 
Grand Councils, may himself appoint such Brethren as he 
deems most capable, to the highest Dignities, such as those 
of President, Senior and Junior Wardens, Orator and 
Secretary. 



332 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

verain Commandeur dans Tendroit, et s'il s'en trouvait il s' 
approchera de lui et se fera connoitre : il le priera en meme 
temps de vouloir bien regulariser les Macons qu'il auroit 
pu faire. Le Souverain Commandeur ne peut se refuser a 
accorder au Chevalier Rose Croix la satisfaction qu'il de- 
mande. II les regularise de suite, et approuve le travail du 
Chevalier Rose Croix. 

ARTICLE XXVIII. 

Grand Consistoire. 

Quand un Souverain Grand Commandeur ou Grand In- 
specteur General 33eme degre constituera un Souverain 
Grand Conseil, il faudra qu'il fasse bien attention a placer 
des Chevaliers lettres aux premieres charges du S.\ G.\ C.\ 
K-C-H. II devra bien considerer qu'il y a dans ce grade 
quatre appartemens ; le trone occupe par le Grand Maitre ; 
un Grand Depute asadroite; le Grand Expert a sa gauche; 
le Grand Garde des Sceaux a Tangle droit, conjointement 
avec le Grand Secretaire ; le Grand Orateur et le Grand 
Tresorier a Tangle gauche ; le Grand Maitre de Ceremo- 
monies a la droite du Grand Secretaire ; et du reste il aura 
soin de se conformer aux Grandes Instructions. 

ARTICLE XXIX. 

Grand Consistoire. 

Les Grands Commandeurs de TOrdre sont aussi ceux de 
la Religion, et meme quelque chose de plus. Leur but s'- 
etend plus loin, et il n'est pas etonnant que beaucoup d'in- 
dividus, qui n'en peuvent apprecier Timportance et Tutilit6, 
en cherchant a le decouvrir ne voyent qu'a travers mille 
images fort epais. On doit avoir un soin bien scrupuleux 
de n'instruire de cet important secret que des personnes 
sures que Ton connoisse bien particulierement, dont la dis- 
cretion soit a toutes epreuves, la capacite bien reconnu, les 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 333 



ARTICLE XXVII. 
Grand Consistory. 

Every Knight Prince Rose Croix who may make Ma- 
sons, should inform himself whether there be not some 
Bro.\ Sov.\ Commander in the same place ; and if there 
be one, should go to him, and make himself known, and 
pray him to be pleased to heal such Masons as he may have 
made. 

The Sov.\ Commander cannot deny the Knight Rose 
Croix this request ; but will heal them at once, and approve 
the work of the Knight Rose Croix. 

ARTICLE XXVIII. 

Grand Consistory. 

When a Sovereign Grand Commander or Grand In- 
spector General 33d degree shall constitute a Sovereign 
Grand Council, he must take care to fill the principal of- 
fices of the Sovereign Grand Council of Kadosh with 
educated persons. He must well consider that in this de- 
gree there are four apartments; the throne occupied by the 
Grand Master ; a Grand Deputy on his right ; the Grand 
Expert on his left ; the Grand Keeper of the Seals at the 
right corner, with the Grand Secretary, the Grand Orator 
and Grand Treasurer at the left corner ; the Grand Mas- 
ter of Ceremonies on the right of the Grand Secretary ; 
and for the rest he will take care to conform to the Grand 
Instructions. 

ARTICLE X XIX. 

Grand Consistory. 

The Grand Commanders of the Order are likewise such 
of Religion, and even somewhat more. Their object ex- 
tends further; and it is not to be wondered at, that many 



334 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

vies et moeurs irreprochables, et la probite intacte ; c'est 
a dire des horames parfaitement vertueux ; car telles sont 
les qualites que Ton doit rechercher. 

ARTICLE XXX. 

Grand Consistoire. 

Tout Souverain Grand Depute Inspecteur General Grand 
Commandeur doit avoir dans son Registre, le modele de 
toutes especes des Constitutions, depuis le symbolique 
jusqu' a et compris la 33eme degre, des Rites Ancien, 
Moderne et Ecossais ; et ce pour en pouvoir delivrer au 
besoin. 

ARTICLE XXXI. 

Souverain Senat du ^eme degre. 

Les Souverains Grands Inspecteurs Generaux Grands 
Commandeurs du Saint Empire, sont les depositaires et 
conservateurs des Grandes Constitutions Secretes que sont 
les decrets du 33eme degre, lesquels existent depuis que le 
monde est monde. Ces lllustres et Admirables Comman- 
deurs ont jure et prete le serment le plus terrible, de se 
conduire de maniere a faire cherir l'Ordre Royal et Mill- 
taire de l'Ancienne et Moderne Maconnerie, et de faire 
preter soumission a ses loix ; et serment de se conformer et 
d'executer tout ce qui pourra concerner le bonheur de Y 
Ordre en general. 

ARTICLE XXXII. 

Souverain Senat du ?>yme degre. 

Chaque Souverain Grand Inspecteur General Grand 
Commandeur doit faire executer a la lettre les Reglemens, 
Statuts et Constitutions des divers grades que chacun pos- 
sede. II doit lui-meme personellement preter le serment 
de ne donner copie des reglemens secrets du 33eme degre, 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. S3S 

individuals, who cannot appreciate the importance and 
utility thereof, in striving to discover it, only see through 
a thousand thick clouds. The most scrupulous precaution 
should be used, to confide this important secret to none 
save sure persons, specially well known, whose discretion 
has been thoroughly tested, their capacity fully ascertained, 
their life and morals irreproachable, and their probity 
above suspicion; that is to say, men perfectly virtuous; 
for such are the qualities that are to be sought for. 

ARTICLE XXX. 

Grand Consistory. 

Every Sov.\ Grand Deputy Inspector General Grand 
Commander ought to have in his Register the forms of 
Letters of Constitution of every kind from the symbolic 
degrees up to and including the 33d Degree, of the An- 
cient, Modern and Scottish Rites ; that he may issue them 
at need. 

ARTICLE XXXI. 

Sov.\ Senate of the 33^ Degree. 

The Sovereign Grand Inspectors General, Grand Com- 
manders of the Holy Empire, are the depositaries and con- 
servators of the Grand Secret Constitutions, which are the 
decrees of the 33d Degree and coeval with the world. 
Those illustrious and admirable Commanders have sworn, 
and taken the most terrible of oaths, so to demean them- 
selves as to cause the Royal and Military order of Ancient 
and Modern Masonry to be cherished, and its laws to be 
obeyed ; and also that they will conform to and execute 
whatever may concern the welfare of the Order in general. 

ARTICLE XXXII. 
Sov:. Senate of the ^d Degree. 
Every Sovereign Grand Inspector General, Grand Com- 



336 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

a aucun Macon du Monde, sans en excepter les Chevaliers 
K-d-h, et les Pees.*, du Royal Secret, a moins que d'en 
avoir obtenue Texpresse permission du Souverain Senat. 



ARTICLE XXXIII. 
Souverain Senat du ^eme degre'. 

Nos anc£tres Commandeurs se sont servis de paraboles 
pour nous instruire : mais le sens de leurs ecrits n'est pas 
fait pour etre a la portee de tous ceux qui peuvent les 
avoir sous les yeux. L'Erreur, lTgnorance et la Super- 
stition sont le partage de ceux qui veulent essayer leurs 
forces contre la Raison, et contre les principes moraux de 
la Franche Maconnerie. 

La Maconnerie n'a pas ete jettee au hazard. Son type 
annonce un but moral. 

O Hommes ! O vous qui deviez etre nos semblables ! N'- 
encenserez vous jamais que de vains idoles ? Faut-il que 
le Temple de la Verite soit si desert? Une institution a. • 
tique et sacree, la Franche Maconnerie, vous met encore 
a portee de voir ; mais les hieroglyphes qu'on mit sous 
vos yeux vous sont inutiles. Le Temple s'ouvre, le ban- 
deau tombe, et vous ne voulez pas voir. Qu'on demande, 
" Qu' avez vous vu ?" Vous respondez " Rien." 

Eh bien ! Apprenez que l'objet de nos recherches est de 
detruire le mensonge, est de connoitre la verite. 

Tous les Souverains Grands Inspecteurs Generaux Grands 
Commandeurs de l'Ordre sont tenus d'avoir toujours avec 
eux les presentes Constitutions Secretes, pour s'en servir 
au besoin. 

En y avons appose le Sceau de nos Ulustres Souverains 
Commandeurs du 33eme.\ degre, du Souverain Senat, et 
celui de notre Grand Conseil, Orient de Paris sous le C.\ 
C.\ Fan de la Vraie Lumiere 5761 ; en vulgaire le 27c 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 337 

mander, must cause to be literally executed the Regula- 
tions, Statutes and Constitutions of the different Degrees, 
that each possesses. He must himself personally swear 
never to give a copy of the Secret Regulations of the 33d 
Degree to any Mason in the world, not even to the Knights 
Kadosh or Princes of the Royal Secret, without having 
first obtained the express permission of the Sovereign 
Senate. 

ARTICLE XXXIII. 
Sov.\ Senate of the 33^ Degree. 

The Commanders our Ancestors have made use of Pa- 
rables, whereby to instruct us; but their writings were not 
intended to be understood by all who might read them. 
Error, Ignorance and Superstition are the heritage of those 
who resolve to try their strength against Reason, and 
against the moral principles of Free Masonry. 

Masonry has not been founded at hazard. Its plan an- 
nounces a moral purpose. 

O men ! you who ought to be like unto us ! Will you 
never burn incense to any other than vain idols ? Must the 
Temple of Truth continue to be so deserted ? An Ancient 
and Sacred Institution, Free Masonry, offers you the means 
of seeing, but the hieroglyphics which it places before 
your eyes are useless to you. The Temple stands open ; 
the bandage drops from your eyes, and yet you will not 
see. When the question is asked you — l What have you 
seen ?' — Your reply is ' Nothing' 

Well ! learn then that the object of our investigations is 
to destroy falsehood and to know the Truth. 

All the Sovereign Grand Inspectors General, Commanders 
of the Order are required to have always with them these 
Secret Constitutions, to be used by them in case of need. 

Whereunto we have set the seal of our Illustrious Sover- 



33 8 CONSTITUTIONS ET REGLEMENS. 

Aout, 1 761. En Hebrew )> m £# le 27c, 1761, et signe comme 
suit. 

Chaillou de Joi^^ttlle, Maximiliex de St. Simeon, 
Gd.\ Com.-., S3eme.: degre. G. '. P. '. S3eme.\ degre. 

Topry, Grand Ambassadeur, Comte de Choiseul, 

Prince Macon. Gd. \ Com. : du 33e?ne. \ degre. 

Le Souverain Prince de Rohan, Bouchier de ~L\enoncourt~\, 
Prince Macon. Prince Macon. 

Brest de la Chatjssee, Dubaktin, 

Sn. \ Prince. Prince Magon. 

Je certifie, moi Alexandre Auguste de Grasse, Souverain 
Depute Grand Inspecteur General et Souverain Grand 
Commandeur a vie des Isles du Vent et sous le Vent. Je 
certifie dis-je, que les presentes Constitutions Secretes sont 
conformement a celles du Souverain Grand Commandeur 
Stephen Morin dont copie a ete transcrite sur mon Registre 
au Grand Orient du Cape, le 8eme.\ jour du 5 mois appelle 
^2$, pres le C.\ C*. Tan de la Vraie Lumiere 5562, 8 Juillet, 
1802. 

Signe", Auguste de Grasse, 

Grand Commandeur. 
LE NEC PLUS ULTRA. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 339 

eign Commanders of the 33d Degree, of the Sovereign 
Senate, and that of our Grand Council, at the Orient of 
Paris, under the C.\ C.\, the year of the True Light 5761, 
and of the vulgar era, the 27th August, 1761. In Hebrew 
Ob® the 27th, 1761. 

Chaillou de Joinville, Maximilien de St. Simeon, 

Grand Commander, 33d Degree. P. '. Gf. : 33d Degree. 

Topes', Grand Ambassador, Count de Choiseul, 

Prince Mason. Gr. \ Commander of the 33d Degree. 

The Sovereign Prince de Kohan, Bouchier de Lenoncourt, 

Prince Mason. Prince Mason. 

Brest de da Chaussee, Dubanten", 

8ov.\ Prince. Prince Mason. 

I, Alexander Auguste de Grasse, Sovereign Deputy 
Grand Inspector General, and Sovereign Grand Com- 
mander for life of the Windward and Leeward Islands, do 
certify that the present Secret Constitutions are conform- 
able to those of the Sovereign Grand Commander, Stephen 
Morin, a copy whereof is transcribed on my Register. 

At the Grand Orient of the Cape, the 8th day of the 5th 
month, called ^5$, near the C.\ C.\, the year of the True 
Light, 5562, 8 July, 1802. 

Signed, AUGUSTE DE GRASSE, 

Grand Commander. 

THE NE PLUS ULTRA. 




OLD CAHIER OF THE 33RD DEGREE. 



HESE Secret Constitutions are preceded, in the MSS. 
of Bideaud, by a Cahier or Ritual of the 33^ Degree, 
of which the following is a translation. It seems an 
unnecessary expense to print the original French, also. 



CAHIER. 

The Sovereign Grand Inspector General of the 
33D Degree, or Grand Elect Knight of the Temple, 
last degree of all masonry, ancient and modern, 
aged several centuries, conferred by the sovereign 
Grand Inspectors General of Stockholm on Fred- 
eric III., King of Prussia, as Grand Master. 



THE PERFECT EXPLANATION AND ULTIMATE 

KNOWLEDGE OF ALL MASONRY 

IN GENERAL. 

T.\ M.\ "1314" N.\ P.*. C.\ T.\ 

MERUERUNT. LUMEN. 

They have deserved the Light. 



This knowledge is an explanation of the whole symbol- 
ism of the Degrees of Masonry ; and it is entrusted ex- 
clusively to Free Masons, invested with the Degrees of 
Royal Arch, Knight Kadosh, Grand Inquisitor and Prince 
of the Royal Secret. 
(340) 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 341 

It must be certainly shown that they have been received 
in those degrees, and undergone the tests, in a perfectly 
constituted Lodge ; and they must also, by valid certifi- 
cates produce proofs and testimonials of irreproachable life 
and morals, and of their zeal for the Order. And as there 
are other degrees connected with this explanation, such as 
the Ecossais, Knight of the East and Rose Croix, it is ne- 
cessary also that the party should be also invested with them, 
and that he thoroughly understand their allegories. Where- 
fore none should be admitted to this degree, except An- 
cient Masons, of whose discretion we are certain, as well as 
of their inviolable attachment for the Order. We need not 
fear to confide in those who prove themselves to know the 
degree of Kt.\ K .... h, or Gd.\ Elect ; which should, by 
way of precaution, be concealed from most Masons, as will 
be hereafter admitted, if the reader reflect on the explana- 
tions and observations of this concluding degree. 



OBSERVATIONS. 

Whenever there is to be a meeting of the Supreme Coun- 
cil, it will permit such persons only to be present, as it may 
please. All other Masons, whatever their dignities, should 
be wholly ignorant of the place of meeting. 

After the serving-Brothers are clothed, they will remain 
in an adjoining apartment. They will neither open for nor 
announce any one ; since the members convoked for the 
particular meeting must be present at the hour fixed. 

No visitor is admitted ; but all Masons known to be of 
this degree are invited to attend, if worthy, although they 
do not belong to the Senate. The Knight last received 
will at intervals visit the outer apartment, to maintain good 
order. He will be keeper of the door within, with a drawn 
sword in his hand. 

An assembly will be held every three months. At each, 

22 



342 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

an exact report will be made of those Masons who have 
displayed the greatest attachment for the Order, mention- 
ing their names, ages, qualities and religion. Everything 
will be reported that has occurred in the Lodges which 
each of the members has visited, or of which each is a 
member. Of all this a record will be made and signed f by 
seven Knights f at least, of the Assembly. Banquets will 
be had on those days of meeting only; whereat the Knights 
will behave with all possible decency, according to the 
Secret Grand Constitutions of the Sov.*. Gr.\ Insprs/ 
General. 

DECORATIONS OF THE SENATE. 

The hangings of the Senate Chamber will be black, 
sprinkled with tears of white. None of the ornaments of 
ordinary Lodges or Chapters are to be found or seen there. 
In the centre of the Chamber is a large tomb, romanesque 
in fashion, upheld at the four corners by weeping Genii, 
under whose feet are the special and peculiar symbols and 
emblems of the aforenamed Degrees ; that is to say : the 
Genius in the North, the two broken columns, with the at- 
tributes of an Apprentice Mason, and the Blazing Star 
closed ; that in the South, the Branch of Acacia, Squares, 
Levels, and everything that appertains to Master Masons, 
Death's-heads, bones, stains of blood ; that in the West, 
triangular interlaced chains, with all the treasures of the 
Temple used in the receptions of Ecossais and Knights of 
the East, with swords, scarfs and arms like those that were 
used in the wars in Palestine ; that in the East, the three 
broken columns of the first Chamber of the Chapter 
of Rose Croix, with the words inscribed on them, and a 
crucifix. 

The tomb is to be painted to represent black marble. 
On it will be a blazing urn. On each of the four faces of 
the pyramid, a cypher of the letters J.*. M.\ interlaced and 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 343 

bordered by two palm-trees, below which will be a Mal- 
tese Cross. On a pedestal of the same color as the Tomb, 
and in front of it, will be set an urn, made to resemble 
white marble. 

The floor is a mosaic of white and black. The ceiling is 
to be hung with black : the Sun represented in the trans- 
parent vault, shedding a feeble light, and thus appearing 
dim, like the moon. At each of the four corners of the 
tomb is to be a candle of yellow wax, burning. Over the 
tomb must be an imperial canopy of black velvet, with cur- 
tains ornamented with silver fringe and acorns of silver, 
drawn up and reaching to the four corners of the chamber. 
Below the canopy is to be an Angel, holding a branch of 
palm in his right hand, and one of olive in his left, holding 
the latter over the Tomb. The seats placed around the 
Chamber, are all black. That of the Grand Master is by 
itself, and on the right. It must be ascended to by three 
steps, and be in the shape of an arm-chair. The oldest 
member presides over the assembly. The Dignitaries oc- 
cupy the same places as in other Bodies : and their seats 
are not to be raised above the floor. 

RECEPTION. 

The Bro.\ who is to be admitted to the Sovereign Senate 
waits in the Chamber of Reflection or in the Ante-chamber, 
while the Knights Grand Inspectors assemble, and open 
the Senate. Then the Gr.\ Master directs the Bro.\ M.\ 
of C'ies.\ to go and find the Bro.\ and prepare him for ad- 
mission. He does so, examining him in all the Degrees 
above mentioned. He ascertains whether he has those of 
K . . . . h and of the Royal Secret ; and if it is so, and he 
proves it, he will go to the Senate and so announce. He 
is then admitted, with no other ceremony than that of seat- 
ing him in the West : and if he does not know his Degrees, 



344 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

nothing thereof will be said to him ; but he will merely be 
advised that what he is now about to see and hear is the 
pure Truth ; that all that he has seen and heard hitherto, has 
been but allegories and emblems serving as tests by which 
the better to know the Brethren and make them worthy 
of this great light. While the M.\ of Ceremonies is exam- 
ining the Bro.\,the Senate will be opened as follows: 



OPENING OF THE SENATE. 

Qu.\ Venerable Knts.\, what have we come hither to do? 

Ans:. To lament our Resp.\ Master and our 111.*. Knts/., 
who, innocent, were put to death by tortures. 

Qu.\ What does the Senate represent? 

Ans.\ Profound silence and poignant sorrow. 

Then the Gr.\ Master says : " Join me, my dear Breth- 
ren, in mourning for so great a man and Knights so illus- 
trious, whom, when wickedly and falsely accused, their in- 
nocence did not save from perishing in agonies." 

Each Knight must now assume the appearance of pro- 
found sorrow. And now the Bro.\ is admitted, conducted 
by the M.\ of C'ies.*., who places him in the West. He 
should, as far as possible, be clothed in black with blue 
apron and blue gloves, unornamented.* The Grand Mas- 
ter wears a broad black collar edged with white, at the 
extremity whereof is a poignard : on the cordon, in letters of 
gold, the words V99«tf9MB %W> P#^f : attached to it, 
over the heart, is a red cross like that on the Tomb. He 
wears also a crimson sash fringed with gold. All the 
Knights are clothed in the same manner. Every one being 
at his proper station, the Grand Master pronounces the 
following 

* This clothing is for receptions only. 



constitutions and regulations. 345 

Discourse. 
**************** 

In fine, all these degrees impress it upon you, that you 
should love God and the Holy Religion, be faithful to your 
King and Country, love your Brethren as yourself, and be 
devotedly attached and faithful to the Order ; and never to 
violate the obligations and oaths that you have taken. 

We recognize in you those excellent qualities ; and you 
are now about to promise us anew that you will never 
cease to display them. 



The Bro.\ is caused to rise, and to advance to the right 
of, and near, the urn. He places his hand upon it, and is 
there made to promise forever to comply, point by point, 
with his first obligation ; to be even more profoundly se- 
cret as to the truths that are about to be revealed to him, 
and never to disclose them to any Mason not recognized to 
be worthy of the same, as well by the progress he has al- 
ready made, as by his good qualities. 

The name, age, religion, residence and place of birth of 
the initiated Brother are ascertained, to be duly reported 
to the first Chapter of the Senate. And he is also made to 
promise to be at all times ready to sacrifice himself for the 
good of the Order, or in order to sustain it, and restore it 
to its former splendor. 

During this ceremony, all the Brethren hold their swords 
in their hands, the points toward the new Initiate. At the 
four corners of the urn burn four vessels filled with per- 
fumes. The obligation assumed, he kisses the urn, and is 
re-conducted to the place from which he came. 

Then the Grand Master, accompanied by the two oldest 
Knights, invests him with the decorations of the Degree, 



346 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

saying : " This is the most fortunate and most honorable 
day of thy life. You now receive a dignity with which the 
most Noble Lords and greatest Princes have been proud 
to be invested ; who have valued it highly, and died rather 
than violate their oaths ; in that following the example of 
those Valiant and Illustrious Knights our Predecessors. 
Our institutions demand secresy. Be discreet, and rather 
die than be perjured by disregard of your obligations." 

When he has been decorated, the Grand Master and all 
the Brethren embrace him ; and then each returns to his 
station, to listen to the explanation of the Degree. 

EXPLANATION OF THE DEGREE. 

Hear, my dear Brother, the object of Masonry, its estab- 
lishment, and on what it is based. 



The Respectable Master Hiram, assassinated in the 
Temple, is the Grand Master of the Templars, who perish- 
ed when at the head of the most brilliant of Orders. The 
three assassins are the King, the Pope and the imprisoned 
Knight. Our Lodge represents the sorrow that we ought 
to feel for the loss of so great a man, whose tomb you here 
see. The cypher is formed of the two initials of his real 
name. This blazing urn upon it represents the sacrifice of 
his body, offered up by the Grand Master ; and the fire 
represents the purity of his innocence. All the accessories 
that you see around the tomb, are symbols of the virtues 
of an order too unworthily destroyed. The Angel, hold- 
ing in one hand a crown and in the other a palm-branch, 
represents to us the glory and immortality of the Grand 
Master whose ashes were reverentially gathered up by some 
most worthy Brethren. The Sun and Moon which you 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 347 

see obscured, are the image of entire nature suffering from 
the destruction of so excellent an. Order. 

After these events, my Bro.\, many Knights of the Tem- 
ple were dispersed in all parts of the world, and established 
themselves as Knights Kadosh. 

Signs and Words. 

The sign is given by gripping the heart with the right 
hand ; which means that our hearts should always be incor- 
ruptible ; then by gripping the right knee, to show that we 
should submit to everything that is required of us for the 
good of the Order. 

The word is Ong£#09> the first word of the cry of the 
Grand Master in the midst of the flames ; when he sum- 
moned the King and Pope to appear before the Tribunal 
of God, before the expiration of the year, to do him justice. 

The Password is sQ^/«&C55, meaning ' Vengeance." 

You are now about to hear the true history of Masonry, 
and the prosecution of those unfortunate Knights. 

History of the Degree. 

********** 
********** 



General Development of Masonry 

UP TO 

The Last or 33D Degree, of Sovereign Prince 
Inspector General, 33D Degree. 

Though this degree may seem to be a Knight Elect of 
the Temple, the sequel will show that it is absolutely the 
last of all, since it is called " The Sovereign Grand Inspec- 
tor General of the 33d Degree." Beginning with it, and 



348 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

going downwards, first comes the Royal Secret, 32d De- 
gree ; after that the Grand Inquisitor, 31st Degree; and 
Knight Kadosh, which is the 30th ; and so on down to the 
first. All the degrees which we here name, four in num- 
ber, are the avant-couriers one of the other, that is to say, 
from the 30th to the 33d, which is the last of all, and is 
styled The Knight of the Temple. This degree en- 
ables us to know the true point of Masonry, as well by 
means of its Regulations as by its Secret Constitutions, 
which no Inspector General can communicate, except to 
another Inspector General, like himself, according to the 
engagement which he has contracted, and which is to be 
found in his Register, signed by his own hand. A Com- 
mander or Lieutenant Commander alone has the right to 
take cognizance of the Secret Constitutions for the pur- 
pose of supervising the measures taken in the different 
Lodges, Chapters, Councils, Consistories or Senate, to the 
end of making report thereof to the Consistory of Sublime 
Princes of the Royal Secret, who are the founders thereof. 
The Lieutenant Commander, or the Deputy of the Grand 
Inspector General is to make report of all quarterly meet- 
ings of the Princes of the Royal Secret. 

According to the Grand General Regulations of the Or- 
der, a Sovereign Deputy Grand Inspector General has 
complete power over Masonry ; for he holds this power 
from none other than the Sov.\ Princes of the Royal Se- 
cret, and from the Sovereign Commander, through a de- 
liberative assembly. Besides, this degree is the last of all, 
and the only absolute one ; whence comes the title of its 
assemblies, which are called " Senates of the Sovereign In- 
spectors General ;" and everything which he does is sanc- 
tioned by all the Princes Masons of the Royal Secret, by 
the Lieutenant and the Grand Commander. This degree 
of Deputy Grand Inspector General is known to but few 
Masons, because it must be possessed in order for its sub- 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 349 

limity to be appreciated ; and because whoever is in pos- 
session of it, is bound to take such precautions as that it 
shall never be known by Masons of the Inferior Degrees, 
any more than the Secret Constitutions which he has in 
his Register. 

A Sovereign Grand Inspector General has the power of 
making and creating, on land or at sea, Masons, Lodges, 
Colleges, Councils, Chapters, Sovereign Grand Councils, 
Consistory and Senate, as he shall deem fit and proper, 
conformably to the Secret Constitutions which prescribe 
the limits of his powers. He may also make Masons, up to 
and including the last degree but one ; but of his own de- 
gree he can make but one in each year, and but one Lieu- 
tenant Commander in every six months. To make a Grand 
Commander, he must be in a place three thousand leagues 
from a Consistory or Senate, and there must be no Masons 
there of his own degree ; if there be one such, they will 
jointly commission the Grand Commander, and the com- 
mission will be valid : for the office of Lieutenant Com- 
mander and that of Commander are but pure and simple 
charges, to watch over what passes in the absence of the 
Knight of the Temple, or of the Deputy Grand Inspector 
General, 33d degree, as being himself alone the Supreme 
Chief of Masonry. 

Entrance of a Grand Inspector General into the 

Senate. 

A Grand Inspector, whether he presents himself in a 
Lodge, College, Council, etc., etc., etc., etc., enters wearing 
his hat, his sword in his right hand, his left hand on his hip ; 
advances with a slow step to the altar ; there salutes the 
Brethren or Princes, as the case may be. The Master of- 
fers him his mallet, whispering in his ear /(Ln?T; to 
which he replies 2z08f<LV$.\ Then he gives one rap, and 



350 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

directs that the work proceed. The Master places him on 
his right ; and thereafter the Grand Inspector General is 
not required to join in any ceremony ; but remains seated 
and covered, if he thinks proper, and if he be desirous to 
confer any degrees on any of the Brethren, he does so in 
the Lodge, without the consent of any one ; and, if it suits 
him to do so, he requests the Master and the Bros.*. Senior 
and Junior Wardens to retire. They must do so, and if 
they object, he will show them his powers to convince 
them. 



Jewels and Apron. 

The jewel is a double-headed Eagle, one head of silver, 
and the other of gold, enameled on a Maltese Cross. In 
the centre of each Eagle is a figure 3, making together, 33 ; 
and a crown rests upon the two heads. 

The apron of an Inspector-General is white, having upon 
it a Temple with three porticoes : the central one whereof is 
larger than the others ; and over these three porticoes a 
front view of a building with three stories and a gallery on 
each side. In the centre of the Grand Portico is a tented 
camp with sixteen fronts. 



Collar and Ribbon. 

The Collar is white ; and at its extremity hangs the 
jewel, which is the double-headed Eagle. 

The Cordon is a very wide white watered ribbon. Half- 
way down it, a Triangle is embroidered in gold and silver, 
in the centre whereof are the figures 33. Still lower down 
are two swords, crossed, upon a red Teutonic cross ; the 
Cordon is fringed at the end with gold, and edged all 
round with a binding of gold. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 35 1 



Apparel of the Senate. 

The same as the Lodge, except that the hangings are 
white and ornamented with olive branches, as is the dais, 
which is over the altar, having in its centre a transparency 
showing the figures 33. 

The Throne is occupied by the Sovereign Inspector 
General. 

The two tables in the West are occupied by the Lieu- 
tenant Commanders. 

That in the North by the Secretary whose official title 
is " Minister of State." 

That in the South by the Orator, who is styled " Grand 
Chancellor." 

The Sovereign bears a buckler and sceptre ; and on the 
Throne is a balance, with the Statutes and Regulations. 

The Lieutenant Commanders have bucklers, and wear 
their hats like the Sovereign. 

The Grand Treasurer is near the Grand Chancellor. 

And finally, three members clothed in red and green, 
that is, vest and pantaloons red, and the rest green, with- 
out apron, wearing their jewels alone, hanging from a 
broad white ribbon. If there are eleven in all, the Assem- 
bly is complete ; and this is what is styled a quarterly 
meeting or assembly. 

Light. 

There should be eleven lights, i. e., three in the East, six 
in the West, one in the North, and one in the South. 



Pass-Word. 

When an Inspector General enters, it is said to him 
C / & Cc#(L Cs?.\ He answers, as he passes on, s&QQcpx ?===•'' 



35 2 constitutions and regulations. 

Sacred Words. 
One says: ic JO$ t $zz±%^.-- 

The other answers : Jtf? $ / ?C •'•§ $<C t C /• 9 £?=*=£ %\Q 
/? .- 

Signs. 

The signs are three in number. The first is to hold the 
right hand out horizontally in front, the index finger ex- 
tended : the second to make a movement with the right 
hand as if to draw the sword from the side, and let the left 
hand fall on the scabbard : the third is to press the lips with 
the index finger and thumb of the right hand, closing the 
lips a little. 

Discourse. 
(A general recapitulation should be read in this degree.) 



My Brethren, Illustrious Knights and Princes, as your 
virtues entitle you to this favor, you will unite with us in 
lamenting the death of our Brethren who died innocent, 
and will give us your assistance if a favorable opportunity 
should offer for us to re-possess ourselves of the estates 
which once belonged to the Order, and are vested in us; 
but which we can recover by Strength, Wisdom and Vir- 
tue alone. You have now entire control over the Brethren 
in the Lodges, who will be under you, you becoming for 
them a true model of virtue and an example of wisdom. 
They cannot but follow your principles, which will lead 
them to the height that you have now attained. You are 
also empowered to make Masons of such persons as you 
shall find worthy of that favor, as we have already explained 
to you. Although you may not be members of a Lodge, 
you cannot be denied the right of conferring degrees 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 353 

therein, whenever you are in a place where there is a 
Lodge. The fees for such receptions will go to the Lodge. 
No proceeding can be in any wise instituted against you, 
except upon the complaint of a Knight Elect of the Tem- 
ple, or Sovereign Grand Inspector General of the 33d De- 
gree. Any other complaint will be dismissed. In a Lodge 
you have a right to hold your drawn sword in your hand, 
and therein to wear your hat, except while the oath or ob- 
ligation is being administered. You are not bound to come 
to order in a Lodge. If you enter one before it is opened, 
the Master is required by courtesy to offer you his place, 
which you may accept or decline, as you please. If the 
Lodge is open, and you enter as a visitor, the Vault of 
Steel is to be formed from the door to the Throne, where 
you having arrived, the Master descends from his place, 
and offers you his mallet, which you can receive, and after 
embracing him, return it to him. Your place in the Lodge, 
when you do not preside, is on the right of the Master, and 
at banquets, the first, where you are free to make use of the 
materials, except during the three healths of obligation and 
of the Order. You may, during work of any kind, speak 
without demanding permission, and enter and retire when 
you please. You then salute the Grand Master with the 
point of your sword, or at table with the point of your 
sword or knife. You cannot be denied three requests 
in each Lodge, in favor of any Bro.\ who has commit- 
ted a venial fault, whether in Lodge or at the Banquet. 
You may heal a Lodge, if it is not regular, as you may a 
College, Chapter, Council, Grand Council, Sovereign Gr.\ 
Council, Consistory or Senate. You have full and entire 
power, conforming yourself to the Secret Constitutions 
now about to be delivered to you, to quash, annul and in- 
terdict all Lodges, Colleges, etc., which may violate the 
true General Regulations of the Order; and to establish 
other Brethren in place of these, if you deem them worthy. 



354 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

In line, my Very Illustrious and Valiant Princes and 
Noble Knights, be constant, giving us the kiss of peace. 

The Senate of Grand Elect Knights of the Temple, or 
of Sovereign Grand Inspectors General of the 33d degree, 
is closed. Let us retire ! and let us never forget Strength, 
Wisdom and Virtue. 



I, Stephen Morin, Sovereign Deputy Grand Inspector 
General, Sovereign Grand Commander, do certify, that 
this present copy of the Sublime Degree of Grand Knights 
Elect of the Temple, S'gn.\ G.\ I.*. G.\ and Grand Com- 
mander of the 33d, conforms to that inscribed in my 
Register at p. 98. 

{Signed), STEPHEN MORIN, 

Gr.\ Commander for Life, 

I, Alexander Auguste de Grasse, Sovereign Deputy 
Grand Inspector General, Sovereign Grand Commander, 
do hereby certify that the present Cahier is correctly 
copied from the Register of the First Commander, Stephen 
Morin, folio 98, at the Grand Orient of Cap Frangois, the 
8th day of the 5th month, called ^2$, near the C.\ C.\, the 
year of the True Light, 5562, 8th July, 1802. 

(Signed), AUGUSTE DE GRASSE. 

I, Antoine Bideaud, do certify that this Cahier of the 
degree of Gr.\ Insp.\ Genl.\ 33d Degree is literally copied 
from that of the Puissant Bro.\ Auguste de Grasse, Grand 
Commander for the Windward and the Leeward Islands, 
at the Orient of Cap Frangois, the 5th month, called ^&, 
near the C.\ C.\, the year of the True Light, 5562, . , . . , 
25 July, 1802. 

(Signed), Antointe Bideaud, 

G.\ I.'. G.\ 33^ Degree. 



STATUTES OF 1859. 

OF 

THE SUPREME COUNCIL, 33d, 

FOR 

The Southern Jurisdiction of the United States. 




STATUTES OF 1859. 

Grand Orient of Charleston, So.*. Car.', near the C.\ C.\ of the 
Zenith, which answers to 32 45' N.* .Lat. 




|HE Sovereign Grand Inspectors General of the 
33d and Last degree of the Ancient and Accepted 
Scottish Rite for the Southern Jurisdiction of 
the United States, duly assembled in Supreme 
Council of the 33d degree, at the Council Chamber in 
Charleston, on the 19th day of the Hebrew month *Hj$"|, 
A.-. M.\ 5619, which answers to the 25th day of March, A.*. 
D.\ 1859, nl pursuance of the Order of the M.\ P.*. Sow. 
Grand Commander, and after due notification given to all 
the Sov.\ Gr.\ Inspectors General, in writing, do, upon 

23 (357) 



358 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

full consideration and deliberation, adopt and enact the 
following 

GENERAL STATUTES AND REGULATIONS 

OF THE 

SUPREME COUNCIL FOR THE SOUTHERN JURISDICTION 

OF THE UNITED STATES. 

ARTICLE I. 

The number of active members of the Supreme Council 
is hereby increased and enlarged to, and forever fixed at, 
thirty-three, including therein the nine existing members. 
The jurisdiction of this Supreme Council includes all the 
United States and the Territories thereof, except the States 
of Maine, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, Rhode 
Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, 
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin, which 
were apportioned to the Supreme Council for the Northern 
Jurisdiction of the United States, at its creation in the year 
1815, and the State of Delaware, which, upon the applica- 
tion of that Council in the year 1827, this Council permitted 
to be included in the Northern Jurisdiction. 

ARTICLE IT. 

The said thirty-three members shall be apportioned as 
follows : 

To the State of Maryland, . . . . One. 

To the District of Columbia, . . . One. 

To the State of Virginia, .... Two. 

To the State of North Carolina, . . . One. 

To the State of South Carolina, . . . Five. 

To the State of Georgia, . . . . Two. 

To the State of Florida, Two, 

To the State of Alabama, .... Two 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 



359 



To the State of Mississippi, 


. Two. 


To the State of Louisiana, . . . 


Three. 


To the State of Tennessee, 


. Two. 


To the State of Kentucky, . 


Two. 


To the State of Texas, 


. One. 


To the State of Arkansas, 


Two. 


To the State of Missouri, . 


. Two. 


To the State of Iowa, .... 


One. 


To the State of Minnesota, 


. One. 


To the State of California, . 


One. 



ARTICLE III. 

Whenever vacancies shall occur hereafter, by death, re- 
signation, or other cause, of members from States other 
than South Carolina, having more than one member, they 
shall be filled by members, first from Oregon, next from 
Kansas, and then from any other new States in the Juris- 
diction, until each State shall have at least one member; 
after which each vacancy shall be filled by a member from 
the same State as the person whose place is to be filled : 
but the State of South Carolina shall always have five 
members. 



ARTICLE IV. 

Whenever a vacancy is to be filled by election of a per- 
son from a State in which a Grand Consistory shall have 
been established and be in activity, such Grand Consistory 
shall be notified thereof by the Secretary General, and 
shall thereupon nominate three persons having at least the 
rank of Sublime Prince of the Royal Secret, to the Supreme 
Council, as candidates for the vacancy ; one of whom the 
Supreme Council shall elect to fill the same ; the unanimous 
vote of all the members present being necessary to a choice. 
For States wherein there is no Grand Consistory, the Su- 
preme Council shall elect without previous nomination. 



360 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

ARTICLE V. 

All such elections must be held by the Supreme Council 
when in session, and the vote be taken viva voce. And no 
person can be elected a member of the Supreme Council 
unless he has attained the 33d degree, and is at least thirty- 
five years of age. 

ARTICLE VI. 

The officers of the Supreme Council shall be : 

1st. The most Puissant Sovereign Grand Commander; 

2d. The Puissant Sovereign Lieutenant Grand Com- 
mander ; 

3d. The 111.*. Secretary-General of the Holy Empire, 
who shall be the Keeper of the Seals and Ar- 
chives ; 

4th. The 111.-. Treasurer-General of the Holy Empire ; 

5th. The 111.'. Grand Minister of State ; 

6th. The 111.-. Grand Hospitaller ; 

7th. The 111.-. Grand Marshal ; 

8th. The 111.-. Grand Standard-Bearer ; 

9th. The 111.-. Grand Captain of the Guards; 
10th. The 111.*. Gr.\ Master of Ceremonies. 

And there shall also be an 111.-. Grand Tiler, who must 
possess the 33d Degree of Deputy Grand Inspector Gene- 
ral. 

ARTICLE VII. 

When a vacancy occurs in the office of Sov.\ Grand Com- 
mander, Lt.-. Gr.\ Commander, Secretary General, or 
Treasurer General, it shall be filled by election, a majority 
of the votes of all the members of the Council being neces- 
sary to a choice. Vacancies in the other offices shall be 
filled by appointment by the M.\ P.*. Sow. Grand Com- 
mander. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS, 361 

ARTICLE VIII. 

All the officers are elected or appointed for life, and the 
members are also for life : Provided, That Office or Mem- 
bership shall be forfeited, ipso facto, by permanent removal 
of the party beyond the jurisdiction. 

ARTICLE IX. 

No Sov.\ Gr.\ Inspector General can hereafter vote in 
the Supreme Council by proxy, when personally absent. 

ARTICLE X. 

The Supreme Council shall meet annually, at the Grand 
Orient of Charleston, South Carolina, on the second Mon- 
day of January, at 7 o'clock, P. M. ; and special meetings 
may be called by the Sow. Gr.\ Commander at any time, 
to be held at the same place. 

ARTICLE XL 

Seven Sovereign Grand Inspectors General, the Sov.\ 
Gr.\ Commander or Lt.\ Gr.\ Commander being one, shall 
constitute a quorum for the transaction of besiness. 

ARTICLE XII. 

An active member, who by reason of age or infirmity, 
shall resign his seat, will become an Emeritus Member. 
The Supreme Council may elect as Honorary Members, 
such Sovereign Grand Inspectors General as may have re- 
moved or may remove from another jurisdiction into this; 
or such Deputy Grand Inspectors General as may be 
created within this jurisdiction, by authority of the Supreme 
Council. 

ARTICLE XIII. 

Emeritus and Honorary Members are entitled to sit in 



362 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

the Supreme Council at all times, except during an elec- 
tion of a member to supply a vacancy therein. 

ARTICLE XIV. 

In all cases of election to Honorary Membership, the 
vote must be unanimous, one negative vote being sufficient 
to refuse that mark of honor and confidence. 

ARTICLE XV. 

Whenever any vote whatever is needed to be taken in 
the recess of the Supreme Council, the Secretary General 
will by letter state the question to each Sov.*. Grand In- 
spector General, who will in writing and by letter transmit 
to him his vote; and when all are received, or after suf- 
ficient time has elapsed for all to respond, the Secretary 
General will declare the result. 

ARTICLE XVI. 

In all cases where any Sov.*. Grand Inspector General, 
being so called on, fails in a reasonable time to transmit his 
vote, he will be deemed to have assented to the action of 
the majority required in the given case ; and whenever one 
duly notified fails to attend a called session, or, without 
notification, to attend a regular session, he will be deemed 
to have assented to the action of the majority present, in 
all cases ; and is to be forever afterwards estopped to deny 
that he assented thereto. 

ARTICLE XVII. 

A Sovereign Grand Inspector General, habitually ab- 
senting himself from the meetings of the Supreme Council, 
may be declared, by vote of two-thirds of all the members, 
taken by yeas and nays, to have virtually resigned his 
membership ; and thereupon the vacancy so occurring may 
be filled in the usual manner. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 363 

ARTICLE XVIII. 

At every annual meeting- of the Supreme Council, it shall 
hold also a Consistory of the 33d degree, composed of the 
members of the Supreme Council, and of two delegates 
from each Consistory of Sublime Princes of the Royal Se- 
cret, 32d degree, under its jurisdiction. In this Consis- 
torial Chamber shall be heard and considered all appeals 
from and questions referred by the Consistories, and all 
complaints from Subordinate Bodies : and such Chamber 
may also suggest and recommend measures for the con- 
sideration of the Supreme Council. From its decisions an 
appeal will in all cases lie to the Supreme Council. 

ARTICLE XIX. 

The Supreme Council reserves to itself the power of con- 
ferring any of the degrees of the Ancient and Accepted 
Scottish Rite, upon such persons as it may deem worthy 
to receive them. It may delegate that power to Deputy 
Grand Inspectors General, to be exercised in foreign coun- 
tries wherein no Supreme Council has been established ; 
and in States of the United States wherein there is no con- 
sistory of Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret: but no 
such Deputy Grand Inspector General can confer the 33d 
Degree. 

ARTICLE XX. 

Each member of the Supreme Council is also, by virtue 
of his office, authorized to confer any of the degrees except 
the 33d, in any Foreign Country where no Supreme Coun- 
cil is established, and in any State of the United States, 
where there is no Consistory of Sublime Ptinces of the 
Royal Secret. 

ARTICLE XXI. 

The 33d Degree, of Deputy Grand Inspector General, 



364 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

may be conferred by the Supreme Council, upon any per- 
son duly and unanimously elected to receive it ; or by a 
single Sovereign Grand Inspector General, active member 
of the Supreme Council, by special authorization and order 
of the Supreme Council, on any person so elected, when 
such person resides elsewhere than in the State of South 
Carolina. 

ARTICLE XXII. 

The Revenues of the Supreme Council shall be derived 
from the charge for Charters, from that for Letters-Patent 
of the 32d Degree, and from a tax on all Bodies under its 
jurisdiction, and for all degrees conferred by Sovereign or 
Deputy Grand Inspectors General. 

ARTICLE XXIII. 

The charge for every Charter for a Consistory of the 33d 
Degree, shall be fifty dollars ; for an Areopagus of Knights 
Kadosh, forty dollars ; for a Chapter of Rose Croix, thirty 
dollars ; for a Council of Princes of Jerusalem, twenty-five 
dollars ; for a Lodge of Perfection, twenty dollars ; and for 
a Council of Royal and Select Masters, twenty dollars. 

ARTICLE XXIV. 

All Letters-Patent or of Credence of the 32d Degree 
shall emanate from the Supreme Council, and shall not be 
granted by the Consistories ; but if one is desired by a 
Prince of the Royal Secret, his Consistory shall give him a 
certificate of possession of the 32d Degree, signed by the 
Commander in Chief, and countersigned by its Chancellor, 
under its seal ; upon presentation whereof to the Secretary 
General, the Letters-Patent and of Credence shall issue. 

ARTICLE XXV. 

The charge for Letters-Patent and of Credence of the 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 365 

32d Degree shall be five dollars, and the fee of the Secre- 
tary General, one dollar in addition. The fee for Letters- 
Patent of the 33d Degree, of Deputy or Sovereign Grand 
Inspector General, shall be ten dollars, out of which shall 
be retained by or paid to the Secretary General, his fee of 
two dollars and fifty cents. 

ARTICLE XXVI. 

The fees for the several degrees, when conferred by the 
Supreme Council, or by a Sovereign or Deputy Grand In- 
spector General, shall be as follows : 

For the degrees from the 4th to the 14th inclusive, . $10 

For the 15th and 16th, 5 

For the 17th and 1 8th, 15 

From the 19th to the 30th inclusive, . . . 15 

For the 31st and 32d, 15 

For the degrees of Royal and Select Master, . 10 

ARTICLE XXVII. 

All Charters shall be prepared and sealed by the Secre- 
tary General, who shall receive as his fee for each, in addi- 
tion to the charge above fixed for such Charter, the sum of 
fifteen dollars. 

ARTICLE XXVIII. 

All fees received from Sovereign or Deputy Grand In- 
spectors General, for degrees conferred by them, shall be 
accounted for by them, and paid over to the Supreme 
Council, deducting therefrom only their travelling expenses 
necessarily incurred in the service of the Order, the ac- 
counts whereof shall be audited and approved by the Su- 
preme Council. 

ARTICLE XXIX. 

No Consistory, Council, Chapter, or Lodge of Perfection, 



366 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

shall confer any of the degrees for any less fees than those 
hereinbefore, in Section xxvi., provided ; but it is allowed 
to either or any of such bodies to increase the amounts, at 
their pleasure. 

ARTICLE XXX. 

Each body under the jurisdiction of this Supreme Coun- 
cil shall annually, on the first day of December, remit to 
the Supreme Council the following tax, for and on account 
of its members, and of the degrees conferred by it, not 
theretofore accounted for ; that is to say : 

Each Consistory of Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret, 
one dollar for each person then a member of it; and for 
each case in which the 32d degree had been conferred dur- 
ing the year, in and by such body, three dollars. 

Each Council of Knights Kadosch, Chapter of Rose- 
Croix, and Council of Princes of Jerusalem, one dollar for 
each person then a member of it ; and for each case in 
which, during the year, the highest degree given in each 
such body, respectively, has been conferred, two dollars. 

Each Lodge of Perfection and Council of Royal and Se- 
lect Masters, fifty cents for each person then a member of 
it; and for each case in which, during the year, the high- 
est degree given in each such body, respectively, has been 
conferred, one dollar. 

ARTICLE XXXI. 

In each State where a Consistory of Sublime Princes of 
the Royal Secret is in existence and working, the fees and 
tax of the subordinate bodies shall be paid to such Consis- 
tory, which shall pay to the Supreme Council only the tax 
for its own members, of one dollar each per annum, and the 
fee of three dollars for each person on whom it confers the 
32d degree. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 367 

ARTICLE XXXII. 

The Supreme Council shall have jurisdiction over the 
Councils of Royal and Select Masters in every State where 
no Grand Council of those degrees has been established ; 
and such Councils shall make their returns and pay their 
tax to the Supreme Council ; but as soon as there are three 
such Councils in any such State, the Supreme Council shall 
recommend to such Councils to establish a Grand Council, 
and, upon the establishment .of the same, the jurisdiction 
of the Supreme Council over such Councils shall cease. 

ARTICLE XXXIII. 

Every Sov.\ Grand Inspector General of this jurisdiction 
will be, by virtue of his office, a member of each Grand 
Council of Royal and Select Masters so created, if he has 
legally received these degrees, and these bodies will, in all 
cases, be created on that express condition. 

ARTICLE XXXIV. 

Only one Consistory shall be established in each State 
within this jurisdiction ; and the title of each shall be : 
" The M.\ Puissant Sovereign Grand Consistory of Sub- 
lime Princes of the Royal Secret, 33d Degree, of the An- 
cient and Accepted Scottish Rite, in and for the State of 
A 

ARTICLE XXXV. 

Each such Grand Consistory shall consist of not less than 
nine members. It shall Le the Deputy of this Supreme 
Council, and the governing power of the Ancient and Ac- 
cepted Rite in the State wherein it is organized ; and from it, 
after its organization and installation, all charters for bodies 
of the Degrees below the 31st, in such State, shall emanate; 
and all Patents, Briefs and Diplomas for the Degrees from 



368 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

the 14th to the 30th, inclusive ; the fees for all which shall 
be fixed by itself. And, until a Grand Council is estab- 
lished, it may also grant charters for Councils of Royal and 
Select Masters, and Briefs of those Degrees. 

ARTICLE XXXVI. 

The Secretary General will, on application, and without 
charge, vist any Diploma, Brief, or Patent, issued by a 
Consistory, and affix the seal of the Supreme Council to 
his visa, without charge. 

ARTICLE XXXVII. 

All Diplomas, Briefs and Patents, of the 14th, 16th, 30th, 
and 32d Degrees, will be on parchment, and in the three 
languages, Latin, French and English, that they may avail 
the holder everywhere ; and in every case he will sign his 
name in the margin. 

ARTICLE XXXVIII. 

It is recommended to each Consistory to hold, at each 
regular meeting, a Council of Kadosch, a Chapter of Rose- 
Croix, and a Sublime Grand Lodge of Perfection in its 
bosom, allowing to be represented in each, respectively, all 
the Councils, Chapters and Lodges under its jurisdiction, 
by proper delegates, under such regulations as it may pre- 
scribe. 

ARTICLE XXXIX, 

Each Consistory within this jurisdiction is at liberty, and 
is advised, to inaugurate and maintain a system of Corres- 
pondence and Representation with each other Consistory 
of this jurisdiction, but will correspond with Consistories 
of other and foreign jurisdictions only through this Su- 
preme Council, through which it will transmit ail com- 
munications for such foreign bodies, including those of the 
Northern jurisdiction of the United States. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 369 

ARTICLE XL. 

It is absolutely forbidden hereafter to print the ritual of 
any of the degrees of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish 
Rite. It is also absolutely forbidden to issue or deliver 
any MS. ritual of any degree to any individual Brother, 
other than a Sovereign Grand Inspector General or Deputy 
Grand Inspector General, commissioned to confer the de- 
grees and constitute bodies. All MS. Rituals delivered by 
the Supreme Council, or a Grand Consistory, shall be au 
thenticated by its seal ; as, also, shall any printed Ritual 
that may be, in part or in whole, adopted by the Supreme 
Council. 

ARTICLE XLI. 

No copy of the Ritual of the 33d Degree, prepared by 
the M.\ P.*. Sov.\ Grand Commander, and which is hereby 
adopted, shall ever be furnished to any one except an ac- 
tive member of this Supreme Council. 

ARTICLE XLII. 

Every Consistory must meet at least once in every six 
months. Every Lodge of Perfection and Council of Royal 
and Select Masters, once in every three months ; and the 
other bodies, on the days prescribed in their respective 
rituals. 

ARTICLE XLIII. 

A Consistory of Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret, in 
any State, may request its subordinates to confer the de- 
grees from the 4th to the 30th, inclusive, on any eminent 
and distinguished Mason of its own or another jurisdiction 
where there is no Consistory, as an honorarium, without 
fee, if, in its opinion, it will be for the benefit of the Order. 
It will, however, be at the option of such bodies to do so 
or not to do so, as they may think fit. And when these 



370 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

degrees have so been conferred, the same Consistory may 
also confer on such person the 31st and 32d Degrees as an 
honorarium, without fee ; but, in all such cases, the vote in 
the Consistory and each inferior body must be unanimous. 
In every such case, no tax shall be paid, for the degree so 
conferred, by the subordinate bodies to the Consistory, or 
by the Consistory to the Supreme Council. 

ARTICLE XLIV. 

A Sovereign Grand Inspector General, active member 
of the Supreme Council, may also, in a State or country 
where there is no Consistory of Princes of the Royal Se- 
cret, in like manner confer the degrees, up to and including 
the 32d, on eminent and distinguished Masons, by way of 
honorarium, and without fee ; being careful to do so only 
in cases where it is deserved by the highest merit, and ex- 
emplary services rendered to Masonry, and each such 
Sov.\ Gr.\ Insp.\ General being responsible to the Su- 
preme Council for the proper and discreet exercise of this 
High Power, and being liable to censure and even destitu- 
tion of office, if it be abused. 



ARTICLE XLV. 

It is permissible for Councils of Kadosh and Chapters 
of Rose Croix to have in their bosoms bodies of the inferior 
degrees, or to be divided into chambers of different de- 
grees, if they desire. 

ARTICLE XLVI. 

The following degrees must always hereafter be confer- 
red, wherever the proper bodies exist with power to con- 
fer them ; and can never, under any circumstances, be com- 
municated by such bodies, but only by Sovereign or Depu- 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 371 

ty Grand Inspectors General, in places where no such 
bodies have been established ; that is to say : 

The Ninth, Fourteenth, Eighteenth, Thirtieth, Thirty- 
First and Thirty-Second. The others may be communi- 
cated ; but it is recommended to all bodies administering 
them, that they at intervals confer them all upon different 
candidates, part upon one and part upon another ; that all, 
receiving them in full, or seeing them conferred, may be- 
come familiar therewith. 

ARTICLE XLVII. 

All elections and installations of officers must take place 
at the meeting on, or immediately before, the festival of St. 
John the Evangelist; unless by dispensation from some 
Sovereign Grand Inspector General, or unless otherwise 
directed in the ritual. 

ARTICLE XLVIII. 

All returns of Consistories and subordinate bodies must 
be made on the 1st day of December in each year, and be 
directed to the Secretary General at Charleston, S. C. 
They must contain the names of the officers and members 
of the body; and a statement of what degrees have been 
conferred, and the names of the persons upon whom they 
have been conferred, since the last return. 

ARTICLE XLIX. 

A Deputy Grand Inspector General, visiting an inferior 
body, is to be received with seven stars and seven swords, 
and to enter under the Arch of Steel, swords clashing and 
gavels beating ; a Sovereign Grand Inspector General with 
nine stars and nine swords ; and the M.\ P.*. Sovereign 
Grand Commander with eleven stars and eleven swords ; 
to pass under the Arch of Steel, and each with swords 



372 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

clashing- and gavels beating. And whenever the presiding 
officer is not of equal rank with the visitor, he surrenders 
to him the Mallet of Command. 

ARTICLE L. 

Every Sow. Grand Inspector General, active member 
of the Supreme Council, possesses, and may exercise in the 
State in which he resides, during the recess of the Supreme 
Council, all the prerogatives of a Grand Master, so far as 
relates to the Ancient and Accepted Rite. 

ARTICLE LI. 

All the existing Statutes and Regulations of this Supreme 
Council are to be taken and held as superseded by these 
present Revised Regulations, which with the Regulations 
of 1762, and the Grand Constitutions of 1786, so far as the 
same are unaltered hereby, and with the unwritten princi- 
ples and landmarks of Freemasonry, shall henceforth be 
the law of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite in the 
Southern Jurisdiction of the United States. 

Certified to be authentic by us. 

Albert Pike, j§j 

Sov:. Gr.\ Com.'. 

ALBERT G. MACKEY, £§| 

Sec. Gen.'. H:. E.'. 




STATUTES OF i 866, 

WITH 

ADDITIONS AND MODIFICATIONS 

TO CLOSE OF MAY SESSION, 1870, 

OF 

THE SUPREME COUNCIL, 33d, 

FOR 

The Southern Jurisdiction of the United States. 
24 



Dei Optimi Maximi, Universitatus Rerum Fontis ac 
Originis ad Gloriam. 




From the GRAND ORIENT of 'lepodou, in the City of Charleston, in 
the State of South Carolina, near the B.\ B.\ and under the C: C: 
of that Zenith, which answers unto 32° 46 / 33" North Latitude. 

statutes and institutes 

OF THE 

SUPREME COUNCIL, 33 , 

FOR THE 
SOUTHERN JURISDICTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



+~4- 



ARTICLE I. 

Name and style of the Supreme Council. 

|HE style of this Supreme Council shall be, c * The 
Supreme Council (Mother-Council of the World) 
of the Most Puissant Sovereigns, the Grand In- 
spectors-General, Grand Elect Knights of the 
Holy House of the Temple, Grand Commanders of the 

(375) 




37^ 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 



Holy Empire, of the 33d and last degree of the Ancient 
and Accepted Scottish Rite of Free Masonry, for the 
Southern Jurisdiction of the United States, whose See 
is at Charleston, in the State of South Carolina." 

article II. 
Number of Members and Jurisdiction. 

§ 1. The number of active members of the Supreme 
Council is forever fixed at thirty-three, including therein 
the existing members. 

§ 2. The Jurisdiction of this Supreme Council includes 
all the United States, and the Territories thereof, except 
the States of Maine, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hamp- 
shire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, 
Pennsylvania, Delaware, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan 
and Wisconsin, which were apportioned to the Supreme 
Council for the Northern Jurisdiction of the United States 
in the year 1827. 

ARTICLE III. 

Apportionment of Members. 

The said thirty-three members shall be apportioned as 
follows. The Sovereign Grand Commander to the State 
or District where he may reside : 



the State of Maryland . 


. One. 


" District of Columbia 


One. 


" State of Virginia 


. Two. 


u 


u 


North Carolina 


One. 


a 


t 


South Carolina . 


. Four. 


it 


It 


Georgia . 


Two. 


n 


I 


Florida 


. One. 


a 


I 


Alabama . 


One. 


it 


It 


Mississippi . 


. One. 


it 


it 


Louisiana . 


Five. 


a 


( 


Tennessee . 


. One. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 



377 



To 



the State of Kentucky . 


One. 


u 


Texas . ... 


. One. 


it 


Arkansas . 


One. 


a 


Missouri . ' 


. One. 


it 


Iowa 


One. 


a 


Minnesota . 


. One. 


a 


California . 


Two. 


a 


Oregon 


. One. 


it 


Kansas 


One. 


it 


* Nebraska 


. One. 


a 


Nevada . 


One. 


it 


West Virginia 

ARTICLE IV. 
Vacancies. 


. One. 

[1868 



Whenever a vacancy occurs hereafter, by death, resigna- 
tion, or other cause, of members from States other than 
South Carolina, having more than one member, it shall be 
filled, by this Supreme Council, from any new State in the 
Jurisdiction not mentioned in Art. III., until each State 
shall have at least one member ; after which each vacancy 
shall be filled by a member from the other States according 
to said appointionment. 



ARTICLE V. 

Election of Members. 

All elections of members, active or honorary, or to re- 
ceive the 33d degree, must be held by the Supreme Coun- 
cil when in session, and the vote be taken viva voce ; and 
no person can be elected [to the degree, or]* a member of 
the Supreme Council, unless he has attained the 32d de- 
gree, and is at least thirty-five years of age. [1868. 

* These words, being in the Ritual of the degree, added here, upon revision 
in 1870. 



37% CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

ARTICLE VI. 
Officers and Committees of the Supreme Council. 
% i. The officers of the Supreme Council will hereafter 
be as follows : 

gul gevpetuitatem fitae. 
i. The Most Puissant Sovereign Grand Commander. 

2. The Puissant Sovereign Lieutenant Grand Com- 

mander. 

3. The lit". Grand Prior. 

4. The 111.*. Grand Chancellor. 

5. The 111.*. Grand Minister of State. 

6. The 111.*. Secretary-General, Keeper of the Seals and 

Archives. 

7. The lit". Treasurer-General. 

8. The 111.*. Grand Almoner. 

9. The 111.*. Grand Constable, or Mareschal of Cere- 
monies. 

10. The 111.". Grand Chamberlain. 

11. The 111.*. First Grand Equerry. 

12. The 111.-. Second Grand Equerry. 

13. The 111.-. Grand Standard-Bearer. 

14. The 111.". Grand Sword-Bearer. 

15. The 111.-. Grand Herald. 

16. The 111.-. Grand Tiler ; who is an Honorarv Sove- 

reign Grand Inspector-General. 
§ 2. It shall be the duty of the Most Puissant Sovereign 
Grand Commander, at each biennial session of the Supreme 
Council, to appoint the following Committees : 

1. On Finance. 

2. On Correspondence. 

3. On Jurisprudence and Legislation. 

4. On the doings of Subordinate Bodies. 

5. On the doings of Inspectors-General and Special 

Deputies. [1868. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 379 

1 

ARTICLE VII. 

Officers, how Elected or Appointed. 

§ 1. When a vacancy occurs in the office of Sovereign 
Grand Commander, Lieutenant Grand Commander, Grand 
Prior, Grand Chancellor, Grand Minister of State, Secre- 
tary-General or Treasurer-General, it shall be filled by 
election ; a majority of the votes of the members present 
being necessary to a choice. Vacancies in the other offices 
shall be filled by appointment by the Most Puissant Sov- 
ereign Grand Commander. [1870. 

§ 2. When a vacancy occurs in the office of Sovereign 
Grand Commander, the powers and rights of that officer 
shall be exercised by the Lieutenant Grand Commander 
until the next Biennial Session. [1870. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

Tenure of Office. 

All the officers are elected or appointed for life, and the 
members are also for life. Provided, that office or member- 
ship shall be forfeited, ipso facto, by permanent removal of 
the party beyond the Jurisdiction. 

ARTICLE IX. 

Proxy Votes. 

No Sovereign Grand Inspector-General can vote in the 
Supreme Council by proxy, when personally absent ; but, 
on special questions, when a Sovereign Grand Inspector- 
General cannot be present, he may send his vote to the 
Secretary-General, together with a statement of the reason 
of his absence ; and his vote may then be recorded. 

ARTICLE X. 
Time and Place of Meeting. 
The Supreme Council shall meet at the Grand Orient of 



380 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

'lEpodou, at Charleston, South Carolina, on the 1st Monday 
of May, 1868, and biennially thereafter, on the same day; 
but special meetings may be called by the Sovereign Grand 
Commander at any time, to be held at any place. 

ARTICLE XI. 

Quorum. 

Seven Sovereign Grand Inspectors-General, the Sover- 
eign Grand Commander or Lieutenant Grand Commander 
being one ; or nine Sovereign Grand Inspectors-General, 
in the absence of these officers, shall constitute a quorum 
for the transaction of business. 

ARTICLE XII. 

Emeriti and Honorary Members. 

§ 1. An active member, who resigns his seat by reason 
of age, infirmity or for other cause deemed good by the 
Supreme Council, may be elected an Emeritus member, 
and will possess the privileges of proposing measures, and 
being heard in debate, but not of voting. 

§ 2. Honorary Sovereign Grand Inspectors-General here- 
tofore or hereafter created, are and will become Honorary 
Members of the Supreme Council, possessing the privilege 
of a seat therein at all times, except during the election and 
reception of active members and the election of officers; 
and also the privilege of joining in debate. 

§ 3. In all cases of election of Emeriti or Honorary Mem- 
bers, the vote must be unanimous, and be taken viva voce, 
from the youngest member upwards. 

§ 4. Honorary Members, proving unworthy, may by 
simple vote of a majority of members present, be dropped 
from the rolls. 

§ 5. Either an Emeritus or an Honorary Member has 
the right to make his objections to conferring the honorary 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 381 

degree of Sovereign Grand Inspector-General on any one ; 
these to be judged of by the Supreme Council. 

ARTICLE XIII. 
Voting in Recess of the Council. 

§ 1. Whenever any vote whatever is needed to be taken 
in the recess of the Supreme Council, the Secretary-Gene- 
ral will by letter state the question to each Sovereign 
Grand Inspector-General, who will in writing, and by let- 
ter transmit to him his vote ; and when all are received, or 
after sufficient time has elapsed for all to respond, the 
Secretary-General will declare the result. 

§ 2. In all cases where any Sovereign Grand Inspector- 
General, being so called on, fails in a reasonable time to 
transmit his vote, he will be deemed to have assented to 
the action of the majority required in the given case ; and 
whenever one duly notified fails to attend a called session, 
or, without notification, to attend a regular session, he will 
be deemed to have assented to the action of the majority 
present, in all cases ; and is to be forever afterwards estop- 
ped to deny that he assented thereto. 

ARTICLE XIV. 

Absence from Meetings. 

Any Sovereign Grand Inspector-General absent from 
two successive regular or called meetings of the Supreme 
Council, without excuse adjudged sufficient (after, in the 
latter case, having been duly summoned), shall, at the close 
of the second session, be deemed to have resigned his 
membership in the Supreme Council, and will not resume 
it, unless duly elected as if he had never been a member. 

§ 2. Any one of the present members of the Supreme 
Council, who has not attended a meeting for five years pre 
vious to the present session, and who fails to attend the 
next regular meeting, without sufficient excuse, shall at its 



382 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

close be deemed to have resigned his membership, and the 
vacancy may, on the last day of the session, be filled by 
a new election. [1866. 

ARTICLE XV. 

The Consistorial Chamber. 

At every biennial meeting of the Supreme Council, it 
shall hold a Consistorial Chamber of the 32d degree. In 
this Consistorial Chamber shall be heard and considered 
all appeals from and questions referred by the Consistories, 
and all complaints from subordinate bodies. 

ARTICLE XVI. 
Conferring Degrees. 

% 1. The Supreme Council reserves to itself the power of 
conferring any of the degrees of the Ancient and Accepted 
Scottish Rite, upon any such persons as it may deem 
worthy to receive them. It may delegate that power to 
Deputy Grand Inspectors-General, to be exercised in for- 
eign countries wherein no Supreme Council has been es- 
tablished ; and in States of the United States wherein there 
is no resident active member of the Supreme Council or 
Grand Consistory of Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret; 
but no such Deputy Grand Inspector-General can confer 
the 33d degree without special authority from the Supreme 
Council. 

§ 2. Each active member of the Supreme Council is also, 
by virtue of his office, authorized to confer any of the de- 
grees except the 33d, in any foreign country where no Su- 
preme Council is established. 

ARTICLE XVII. 

Honorary Sovereign Grand Inspectors-General and Deputies. 
§ 1. The 33d degree, of Honorary Sovereign Grand In- 
spector General, may be conferred by the Supreme Coun- 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 383 

cil, upon any person duly and unanimously elected to re- 
ceive it ; or by a single Sovereign Grand Inspector Gene- 
ral, active or honorary member of the Supreme Council, 
even if the latter be a Sovereign Grand Inspector-General 
of another jurisdiction, by ^pcial authorization and order 
of the Supreme Council, on any person so elected. 

§ 2. All appointments of Deputies for the State of Loui- 
siana are revoked, with the exception of those now living 
who received their appointments under the Concordat of 
1854. [1868. 

§ 3. All appointments and commissions of Deputy In- 
spectors General and Special Deputies of the Supreme 
Council, heretofore made and granted, either by the Su- 
preme Council or the Sovereign Grand Commander, for 
States in which there is a resident active member of the 
Supreme Council, are revoked and recalled ; and hereafter 
each Sovereign Grand Inspector-General will exercise his 
inherent power of appointing his own deputies to act in his 
stead, and be responsible to him; 'their acts being valid 
and effectual only when approved by him, and he being 
responsible for the same ; but this resolution shall not refer 
to the three survivors of the Special Deputies in Louisiana 
who were created by the Concordat of 1854. [1868. 



ARTICLE XVIII. 

Revenues, Fees and Taxes. 

§ 1. The revenues of the Supreme Council shall be de- 
rived from the charge for Charters, from that of Letters- 
Patent of the 32d degree, from a tax on all bodies under its 
jurisdiction, and for all degrees conferred by Sovereign or 
Deputy Grand Inspectors-General. 

§ 2. The charge for every Charter for a Consistory of the 
32d degree shall be fifty dollars ; for a Council of Knights 
Kadosh, forty dollars ; for a Chapter of Rose Croix, thirty 



384 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

dollars ; for a Council of Princes of Jerusalem, twenty-five 
dollars ; and for a Lodge of Perfection, twenty dollars. 

§ 3. All Letters-Patent or of Credence of the 32d degree 
shall emanate from the Supreme Council, and shall not be 
granted by the Grand Consistories ; but if one is desired 
by a Prince of the Royal Secret, his Grand Consistory 
shall give him a certificate of possession of the 32d degree, 
signed by the Grand Commander-in-Chief, and counter- 
signed by its Grand Chancellor, under its seal ; upon pre- 
sentation whereof to the Secretary-General, the Letters- 
Patent and of Credence shall issue. 

§4. The charge for Letters-Patent and of Credence of 
the 32d degree, on parchment, where the Prince who is to 
receive the same has paid the full sum of one hundred and 
thirty-five dollars for his degrees, or they have been con- 
ferred on him without charge, shall hereafter be five dol- 
lars, to be paid to the Secretary-General ; one dollar 
whereof shall go into the Treasury, and four dollars to the 
Secretary-General for his fee for filling up and sealing the 
same. [1870. 

§ 5. To parties who, not receiving the degrees as Honor- 
aria, have, under previous Statutes, paid less for them than 
one hundred and thirty-five dollars, the fees for Letters-Pa- 
tent of the 32d degree shall be as heretofore, [Si 5]. [1870. 

§ 6. Blank parchments and the printed formula in Latin 
for Patents of the 33d degree, will be furnished to Active 
and Honorary Sovereign Grand Inspectors-General, free 
of charge. [1870. 

§ 7. In cases where Patents of the 32d degree have here- 
tofore been furnished in Latin, French and English, and 
paid for, new Patents will be furnished without charge, 
other than one dollar each for the parchment and printing, 
and one dollar to the Secretary-General. [1870. 

§ 8. To Brethren paying for the Letters-Patent on parch- 
ment, duplicates on bond or note paper will be given, on 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 385 

payment of a fee of one dollar to the Secretary-General. 
[i8;o. 

§ 9. The fees for the several degrees, when conferred by 
the Supreme Council, or by a Sovereign or Deputy Grand 
Inspector-General, shall be as follows : 

For the degrees from the 4th to the 14th, inclusive $25 

For the 15th and 16th 10 

, For the 17th and 18th 25 

From the 19th to the 30th inclusive . . . 25 

For the 31st and 32d 50 

For Deputy Inspector-General . . . .150 

§ 10. All Charters shall be prepared and sealed by the 
Secretary-General, who shall receive as his fee, for each, in 
addition to the charge above fixed for such Charter, the 
sum of fifteen dollars. 

§ 11. All fees received from [by] Sovereign or Deputy 
Grand Inspectors-General, for degrees conferred by them, 
shall be accounted for by them, and paid over to the 
Supreme Council ; deducting therefrom only their travel- 
ing expenses necessarily incurred in the service of the Or- 
der, the accounts whereof shall be audited and approved 
by the Supreme Council, and twenty-4ive per centum of 
the fees received by them for degrees conferred. 

§ 12. No Consistory, Council, Chapter, or Lodge of Per- 
fection, shall confer any of the degrees for any less fees 
than those in this article provided ; but it is allowed to 
either or any of such bodies, to increase the amounts, at 
their pleasure. 

§ 13. Each body under the jurisdiction of this Supreme 
Council shall, annually, on the first day of March, remit to 
the Supreme Council the following tax, for and on account 
of its members, and of the degrees conferred by it, not 
theretofore accounted for ; that is to say : 

Each Consistory, Grand or Particular, of Sublime Princes 



386 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

of the Royal Secret, one dollar for each person then a mem- 
ber of it ; and for each case in which the 32d degree has 
been conferred during the year preceding, in and by such 
body, ten dollars. 

Each Council of Knights Kadosh, Chapter of Rose Croix, 
and Council of Princes of Jerusalem, one dollar for each 
person then a member of it ; and for each case in which, 
during the year, the highest degree given in the Kadosh 
or Rose Croix, respectively, has been conferred, five dol- v 
lars ; and in the Councils of Princes of Jerusalem, two dol- 
lars. 

Each Lodge of Perfection and Council of Royal and Se- 
lect Masters, one dollar for each person then a member of 
it ;*and for each case in which, during the year, the highest 
degree given in each such body, respectively, has been con- 
ferred, two dollars. 

§ 14. In each State where a Grand Consistory of Sub- 
lime Princes of the Royal Secret is in existence and work- 
ing, the fees and tax of the subordinate bodies shall be 
paid to such Grand Consistory, which shall in that case 
pay to the Supreme Council only the tax for its own mem- 
bers, of one dollar each per annum, and the fee of ten dol- 
lars for each person on whom the 3 2d degree has been con- 
ferred within its Jurisdiction. 

ARTICLE XIX. 

Financial Provisions. 

§ 1. All moneys due to the Supreme Council shall be 
paid to the Treasurer-General, who shall give duplicate 
receipts therefor ; one to the person paying the same ; and 
the other he shall immediately forward to the Secretary- 
General, who shall charge the amount specified therein to 
the Treasurer-General, and credit the account entitled to 
the same, which it is required shall be stated in said re- 
ceipt. [1870. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS.^ 387 

§ 2. No money shall be paid except by the Treasurer 
General and which can only be done by him on a draft of 
the M.\ P.*. Sow. Gr.\ Com/, attested by the Secretary 
General, and payable to the order of the party for whose 
benefit the draft is drawn. A regular " Order or Draft" 
Book, having a suitable margin for a full record of each 
draft, shall be prepared for that purpose ; and no draft shall 
be used except from such book, and after having been duly 
recorded in the margin, as to number, date, to whom paid, 
for what purpose, and the amount thereof. [1870. 

§ 3. The Secretary and Treasurer-General each shall 
open regular books of accounts, in which all the financial 
business of the Supreme Council, passing through their 
hands, shall be entered by debit and credit. [1870. 

§ 4. The Secretary and Treasurer-General shall each, on 
the 1 st day of March in each year, report to the Chairman 
of the Committee on Finance, a full statement of receipts 
and disbursements for the year ending the 30th day of De- 
cember, accompanied by a list of balances from their books 
of accounts respectively. [1870. 

§ 5. All Rituals, Ceremonies, Books of Statutes and In- 
stitutes, Patents (or Diplomas) and Charters, shall hereafter 
be issued only by the Secretary-General upon an order of 
a Sovereign Grand Inspector-General, accompanied with 
the price thereof; unless it be an order for one copy of 
each of the Rituals, Ceremonies and Book of Statutes and 
Institutes, for the use of the said Sovereign Grand Inspec- 
tor-General so ordering the same, or a Deputy Sovereign 
Grand Inspector-General, according to the regulations of 
the Supreme Council. [1870. 

§ 6. Each Sovereign Grand Inspector-General shall re- 
port semi-annually in duplicate, to wit : on the first day of 
September and March of each year, as follows : all moneys 
received by him during the six months next preceding for 
all degrees conferred, Rituals, Ceremonies, Books of Stat- 



388 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

utes and Institutes, Patents (or Diplomas) and Charters, 
sold by him respectively ; specifying dates, names of par 
ties to whom sold and delivered, and amount received from 
each for the same, and the amount of money remitted. And 
the said semi-annual report shall be accompanied by a de- 
scriptive list of all property and effects on hand on the ist 
day of March last preceding, together with such as have 
been received ; also an inventory of what others remain on 
hand. A failure to remit and report promptly as required 
(without having a reason satisfactory to the Supreme Coun- 
cil), shall work a forfeiture of commissions and expenses in- 
curred, and a further liability to such other discipline as the 
Supreme Council may in its judgment deem proper to sub- 
ject the party to, so offending. One copy of each of these 
reports shall be forwarded to the Secretary-General and 
one to the Chairman of the Committee on Finance. 

§ 7. All Deputy Honorary Grand Inspectors-General, 
shall report directly to the Sovereign Grand Inspectors- 
General, Active Members of their Jurisdiction respectively ; 
and each Grand Consistory, and subordinate bodies where 
there is no Grand Consistory, shall report in duplicate to 
the Supreme Council, through the Sovereign Grand In- 
spector-General, in whose jurisdiction they are located — 
one copy of which shall by him be forwarded to the Secre- 
tary-General ; the other to the Treasurer-General. 



ARTICLE xx. 

Council of Administration. 

§ 1. The Sovereign Grand Commander, the Lieutenant 
Grand Commander, the Grand Prior, the Grand Chancel- 
lor, the Grand Minister of State, the Secretary-General and 
the Treasurer-General, will constitute a Council of Admin- 
istration, to be at any time convened by the Sovereign 
Grand Commander; and the Sovereign Grand Coraman- 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 389 

der, and any two of the said dignitaries, will constitute a 
quorum. 

§ 2. The Council of Administration, or a quorum of its 
members assembled, on notice to all, will possess and exer- 
cise, in the vacation of the Supreme Council (but only 
when the Sovereign Grand Commander is present, unless 
he be dead or have delegated his powers for the time being 
to the Lieutenant Grand Commander), all the powers and 
authority of the Supreme Council; using its name and af- 
fixing the Great Seal to its edicts and determinations, ex- 
cept in the election of members, active or honorary. 

§ 3. It shall hereafter be the special duty of the Grand 
Chancellor to attend to the correspondence with all the 
Supreme Councils of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish 
Rite, wherever exercising jurisdiction ; and he will bien- 
nally submit to the M.\ P.*. Sov.\ Grand Commander a 
report of all such correspondence, and such information as 
to foreign affairs as may be of value and interest to the 
Sovereign Grand Inspectors-General, to be by the Sove- 
reign Grand Commander laid before the Supreme Council. 

ARTICLE XXI. 

Councils of Royal and Select Masters. 

This Supreme Council relinquishes all control over the 
degrees of Royal and Select Master ; and leaves all Coun- 
cils now under its Jurisdiction, at liberty to attach them- 
selves to the obedience of such Grand Council as they may 
select ; and it hereby remits and releases to all such Coun- 
cils, all their dues to this Supreme Council ; and all sections 
and provisions of the Statutes which refer to said degrees, 
are hereby repealed. [1868. 

25 



390 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

ARTICLE XXII. 
Consistories. 

§ I. Only one Grand Consistory shall be established in 
each State within this Jurisdiction; the title of which shall 
be, " The Most Puissant Grand Consistory of Sublime 
Princes of the Royal Secret, 32d degree of the Ancient and 

Accepted Scottish Rite, in and for the State of ; " 

but Particular Consistories may be established in a State 
by special authority from the Supreme Council. 

§ 2. Every Grand Consistory of a State shall hereafter be 
composed of: 

i. All the Honorary Sovereign Grand Inspectors-Gene- 
ral and Deputy Grand Inspectors-General, resident within 
the Jurisdiction, except such as may at their own request 
be placed upon the Emeriti list. 

2. The Commanders-in-Chief of Particular Consistories. 

3. The Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret made or 
affiliated therein, according to Masonic age, not exceeding 
eighty-one, including those mentioned in the first and 
second paragraphs hereof. 

§ 3. The Grand Consistories being the Grand Priories 
of the Order of the House of the Temple or Hierodom for 
their States, as the Councils of Kadosh are the Preceptor- 
ies, and the Supreme Council, the Chapter-General, the 
officers of each Grand Consistory will hereafter be as fol- 
lows : 

1. The Grand Commander-in-Chief. 

2. The First Lieutenant Commander or Grand Seneschal. 

3. The Second Lieutenant Commander or Grand Pre- 

ceptor. 

4. The Grand Constable. 

5. The Grand Admiral. 

6. The Grand Minister of State. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 391 

7. The Grand Chancellor. 

8. The Grand Hospitaler and Almoner. 

9. The Grand Registrar. 

10. The Grand Keeper of the Seals and Archives. 

11. The Grand Treasurer. 

12. The Primate. 

13. The Provost or Grand Master of Ceremonies. 

14. The Grand Expert. 

15. The Assistant Grand Expert. 

16. The Beausenifer. 

17. The Bearer of the Vexillum Belli. 

18. The Master of the Guards. 

19. The Chamberlain. 

20. The Grand Steward. 

21. The Aide-de-Camp of the Commander-in-Chief. 

§ 4. The indispensable number to constitute and open a 
Grand Consistory shall be nine, which is also a quorum. 
It shall be the Deputy of this Supreme Council, and the 
governing- power of the Ancient and Accepted Rite in the 
State wherein it is organized, and from it, after its organ- 
ization and installation, all Charters for bodies of the de- 
grees below the 31st, in such State, shall emanate; and all 
Patents, Briefs and Diplomas for the degrees from the 14th 
to the 30th inclusive ; the fees for all which shall be fixed 
by itself. 

§ 5. The privilege of conferring the 31st and 32d degrees 
has been delegated by the Supreme Council to the Grand 
Consistories, and must be exercised by them in the same 
manner as if the applicant were to be elected in the Su- 
preme Council. 

§ 6. All such elections will be determined by vote, openly 
given, upon a call of the members, the members voting in 
order, from the youngest upwards ; the age of each being 
determined by the day when he became a member of the 



39^ CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

body, and where that will not determine, by the day when 
he received the 32d degree ; and the Grand Commander- 
in-Chief having two votes ; and three negative votes shall 
reject. 

§ 7. All the members, active and adjunct, of every Grand 
Consistory, the Honorary Inspectors-General, as well as 
the others, will pay dues and contributions, which will be 
the same for all ; and all alike will be accounted for as 
members in the returns to the Supreme Council. 

§ 8. No Grand Consistory can relieve any of its subor- 
dinates, by general statute or edict providing for the future, 
from the payment to itself of any part or proportion of the 
fees and taxes provided by Art. XVIII., Sec. 13, of these 
Statutes ; but can at pleasure increase the same. But it is 
not intended hereby to take away or restrict the power of 
a Grand Consistory to remit, for good and sufficient cause 
and inability to pay, or otherwise, the taxes or fees, or any 
part of either, due to it at the time of such action, by any 
subordinate. 

§ 9. Each Grand Consistory will have the following per- 
manent Committees : 

1. On Law and Jurisprudence ; composed of three mem- 
bers of the 33d degree, if there be so many, and two of the 
32d ; or of more, if there be not three 33ds ; the whole 
number being always five, to whom are to be added the 
active member or members of the Supreme Council resi- 
dent in the State. 

2. On Correspondence ; of three members. 

3. On Finance and Accounts. 

4. On Chartered Bodies, and Bodies under Dispensa- 
tion ; with such other Committees as may be deemed 
necessary. 

§ 10. No Grand Consistory shall be established in a Ter- 
ritory ; but Particular Consistories may be. And no Grand 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 393 

Consistory shall hereafter be established in a State, until 
there are working in such State at least four Lodges of 
Perfection, three Councils of Princes of Jerusalem, two 
Chapters of Rose Croix, and two Councils of Kadosh. 

§ 11. It is recommended to each Grand Consistory to 
hold, at each regular meeting, a Council of Kadosh, a Chap- 
ter of Rose Croix, and a Sublime Grand Lodge of Perfec- 
tion, in its bosom, allowing to be represented in each, res- 
pectively, all the Councils, Chapters and Lodges under its 
jurisdiction, by proper delegates, under such regulations 
as it may prescribe. 

§ 12. Each Grand Consistory within this jurisdiction is 
at liberty and is advised to inaugurate and maintain a sys- 
tem of Correspondence and Representation with each other 
Grand Consistory of this jurisdiction ; but will correspond 
w T ith Grand Consistories of other and foreign jurisdictions 
only through this Supreme Council ; through which it will 
transmit all communications for such foreign bodies, in- 
cluding those of the Northern Jurisdiction of the United 
States. 

§ 13. The term " Sovereign " will not hereafter be af- 
fixed to any body below the Supreme Council, or to any 
of its officers. 

§ 14. No particular Consistory shall confer the 31st and 
32d degrees until, after the election of the candidate, his 
name shall have been laid before, and approved in writing 
by, the resident Inspector or Inspectors, the Special Dep- 
uty, or the Grand Consistory, if there be one in the State. 
And the said Inspectors, Special Deputies, or Grand Con- 
sistories shall have it in special charge to see that those 
degrees are not indiscriminately conferred. The approval 
must be filed with the petition of the applicant. [186S. 

§ 15. Particular Consistories have no power of super- 
vision or control over Councils of Kadosh or other bodies 
of lower degrees ; nor do these report or make returns to 



394 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

them, but directly to the Grand Consistory or Supreme 
Council, as the case may be. [1868. 

ARTICLE XXIII. 
Diplomas, Briefs and Patents. 

% 1. The Secretary-General will, on application, and 
without charge, viser any Diploma, Brief, or Patent, issued 
by a Grand Consistory, and affix the seal of the Supreme 
Council to his vise, without charge. 

§ 2. All Diplomas, Briefs and Patents, of the 14th, 16th, 
18th, 30th, and 32d degrees, will be in Latin, that they may 
avail the holder everywhere ; and in every case he will sign 
his name in the margin. 

ARTICLE XXIV. 

Rituals. 

§ 1. It is absolutely forbidden to any Grand Consistory, 
Subordinate body or individual brethren or brother, to 
print any Ritual of any of the degrees of the Ancient and 
Accepted Scottish Rite. 

§ 2. The Rituals printed by authority of the Supreme 
Council, with the Secret Work, shall be alone used in all the 
respective bodies of the jurisdiction, so soon as they are 
completed and furnished ; they shall only be issued to 
active members of the Supreme Council, to special Deputy 
Inspectors-General, to subordinate bodies and to such for- 
eign bodies or brethren to whom the Supreme Council, 
or Sovereign Grand Commander, may see fit to furnish 
them. 

§ 3. No Manual or Monitor for instruction in the Rite 
shall be printed for sale, or be used in any subordinate body 
in this Rite, under this jurisdiction, without the special au- 
thority of this Supreme Council. 

§4. All manusciipt Rituals delivered by the Supreme 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 395 

Council or a Grand Consistory, shall be authenticated by 
its seal, as, also, shall any printed Ritual that may be, in 
part or in whole, adopted by the Supreme Council. 

§ 5. No copy of the Ritual of the 33d degree, shall ever 
be furnished to any one except an active member of this 
Supreme Council, or by order of the Supreme Council to 
a Special Deputy or Representative. 

§ 6. Each Sovereign Grand Inspector-General and De- 
puty Inspector-General of this Jurisdiction, is hereby re- 
quired to append to every copy of the Secret Work of each 
series of the degrees of the Ancient and Accepted Rite 
(and to be contained within the enumerated pages thereof) 
that ma} T be issued or delivered by him, an O. B., contain- 
ing provisions preventing the copying thereof, or permit- 
ting it to be done, and preventing the perusal of it by any 
one not in possession of the said degrees and of or belong- 
ing to this jurisdiction ; and, furthermore, every Sovereign 
Grand Inspector-General or Deputy-Inspector-General, 
issuing or delivering a copy of the Secret Work above 
mentioned, shall number the same in regular series, and 
make immediate return of the same to the Sovereign 
Grand Commander, giving the number, the name and 
rank of the party receiving it, and the date of delivery. [1870. 



ARTICLE XXV. 

Degrees by way of Honorarium. 

A Sovereign Grand Inspector-General active member 
of the Supreme Council, may confer the degrees, up to and 
including the 32d, on eminent and distinguished Masons, 
by way of honorarium, and without fee ; being careful to 
do so only in cases where it is deserved by the highest 
merit, and exemplary services rendered to Masonry ; each 
such Sovereign Grand Inspector-General being responsible 
to the Supreme Council for the proper and discreet exer- 



396 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

cise of this high power, and being liable to censure, and 
even destitution of office, if it be abused. 



ARTICLE XXVI. 
On Conferring and Communicating Degrees. 

§ I. The following degrees, when given in organized 
bodies, shall always hereafter be conferred, and when given 
by an Inspector-General, shall be communicated in full: 
that is to say, the Fourth, the Fifth, the Ninth, the Four- 
teenth, the Sixteenth, the Eighteenth, the Twenty-ninth, 
the Thirtieth and the Thirty-second : and these shall be 
deemed the Indispensable Degrees. [1870. 

§ 2. In addition to these, one other degree, between the 
fifth and fourteenth, and one between the eighteenth and 
twenty-ninth, shall always be conferred in bodies, or com- 
municated by Inspectors-General, in full; different degrees 
being conferred on, or communicated in full to, different 
candidates, so that all shall in turn be so conferred or com- 
municated. [1870. 

§ 3. The eighteen remaining degrees may be more briefly 
communicated ; but in every case, the obligation of each 
must be taken in full ; the necessary questions, if any, an- 
swered in writing or otherwise, as required by the Rituals ; 
and enough of the opening and closing Ceremonies, and of 
the Ceremonies of Reception, and the Lectures and Les- 
sons, read to the candidate, to enable- him to understand 
and appreciate the degrees. [1870. 

§ 4. When any body of the Rite has been established, and 
is perfect in numbers, it can communicate only the said re- 
maining eighteen degrees, and must in all cases confer in 
full the nine indispensable degrees and the two movable 
degrees. [1870. 

§ 5. For the purpose of establishing new bodies, the de- 
grees shall be communicated to no more, in any case, than 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 397 

the number requisite to make the particular body perfect ; 
and when that number shall so have obtained the degrees, 
the communication thereof shall cease, and the body be 
established. [1870. 

ARTICLE XXVII. 
Intervals between Degrees. 
§ 1. The following times must hereafter elapse in confer- 
ring the Degrees, in all cases except those hereinafter pro- 
vided, between investiture with the principal Degrees of 
the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite. 

Between the 14th and 16th, . . .3 months. 
" 16th and 18th, . . .3 months. 

" 1 8th and 30th, . . .6 months. 

" 30th and 32d, . . .1 year. 

§ 2. For the purpose of propagating the Rite, this pro- 
vision as to delays may be dispensed with by any Sovereign 
Grand Inspector-General, active member of the Supreme 
Council, or Deputy Grand Inspector-General especially 
commissioned, for the purpose of establishing bodies, or 
adding members to bodies already existing, so as to enable 
them to work. [1868. 

Provided, however, that the M.\ P.*. Sow. Gr.\ Comman- 
der may, on the application of a Grand Consistory, ap- 
proved by the Active Sow. Gr.\ Insp.\ Gen.*, of the Juris- 
diction, or a majority of them, where there are more than 
one ; or on the application of the highest body in the State, 
where there is no Grand Consistory, approved as above, 
issue his Dispensation, dispensing with time between any 
of the Degrees — it being clearly understood that the names 
of the persons for whom such Dispensation is asked, shall 
be expressed in the application, and that no Dispen- 
sation shall be granted where the application is made 
generally. [1870. 



398 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

ARTICLE XXVIII. 

Times of Meeting, Feast-Days, etc. 

The Meetings, Feast-Days, and days of Election of Offi- 
cers of the bodies under the Supreme Council, will be as 
follows : 

Lodges of Perfection. 

Meetings, . . 24th June. 

" 27th December. 

Feast-day, . . . *5th day of the Seventh Month (Tisri), 

the day of the dedication of the first 

Temple. 
Elections, ... 3d day of Adar, in every 3d year, the 

day of the finding of the precious 

treasure. 

Knights of the East. 

Feast-days, . . 23d of Adar, the day of the completion 
of the Second Temple. 
" 22d of March. 

" 22d of September. 

*This is an error. The feast upon the Dedication of the Temple was held 
by Solomon at the same time with the Feast of the Tabernacles, which com- 
menced always on the fourteenth day of Tisri or Ethanim, (Josephus Antiq. 
Book viii, Ch. iv, §i ; Levi, Cere, of the Jews, ioo), at even, at the same time as 
the Sabbath begins, that being the commencement of the 15th day of the 
month, on which Moses directed the Feast to be held. Levit. xxiii. 39. It 
continued seven days. 

It is said that the 25th of Chisleu is the Feast of the Dedication of the 
Temple. But that is the Feast ca 'ed nDl^H; Khanokah, the Dedication, in- 
stituted by the Maccabees, in memory of the great deliverance that God 
wrought for them, and the great victory they obtained over Antiochus Epiph- 
anes, who had polluted the Temple, and thereby put them to the necessity of 
cleansing it, and dedicating it anew, which was performed on this day. This 
feast lasts eight days. Levi, 116. i Mace, i, 45, 50, etc. 

The Feast-day of Gr \ Elect, Perfect and Sublime Masons, therefore, is the 
evening of the 14th day of Tisri : and it is indispensable. 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 



399 



Councils of Princes of Jerusalem. 

Feast-days, . . 20th of 10th Month, Tebet, day of return- 
ing of the Ambassadors. 
" 23d day of 1 2th Month, Adar, day of 

praising the Lord on account of the 
re-building of the Temple. 

Elections, . . . 23d day of Adar. 

Chapters of Rose Croix. 

Mystic Banquet Maunday Thursday, [i. e. the Thursday 

before Easter Sunday.] 
Feast-days, . . Easter Day. 

" First Thursday after Easter. 

" Ascension Day. 

All Saints' Day. 
Meetings, . . 24th June. 

" 27th December. 

Elections, . . . Thursday after Easter. 



Feast-day, 

Fast-day, 
Elections, 



Meetings, f 

a 
a 



Councils of Knights Kadosh. 

. 1 8th January, the supposed day of the 

Foundation of the Order. 
. The Martyrdom of Jacques de Molay.* 
. Easter Monday of every third year. 

Grand Consistories. 

. 2 1st of March. 
25th of June. 
21st of September. 



* iSth of March, [1314]. 
f It has been decided that it is not obligatory on the Grand Consistories to 
meet on any of these days, except on that when Elections are to be held ; but 
that they are merely indicated &s proper fays to be selected by the Grand Con- 
sistories for their meetings, if they sec fit to meet so often. The Grand Com- 
munication (§4) is indispensable. 



4CO CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

Meetings, . . . 27th of December. 

Elections, . . . 27th of December in every third year. 

In addition to the above times of meeting, every Con- 
sistory must meet at least once in every six months ; every 
Lodge of Perfection and Council of Royal and Select Mas- 
ters once in every three months, and the other bodies on 
the days prescribed in their respective rituals. 

ARTICLE XXIX. 
Subordinate Bodies, and their Returns. 

§ 1. Every Body not above the 30th degree of the an- 
cient and Accepted Scottish Rite, is, according to the num- 
ber of members of which it is composed, either merely 
regular, or perfect ; and the number of members required 
to make it regular is indispensable, so that, without such 
number, it can do no work whatever. 

§ 2. A regular Lodge of Perfection is composed of nine 
members, and a perfect Lodge of Perfection, of tivelve. 

A regular Council of Princes of Jerusalem is composed 
of five members, and a perfect Council of fourteen. 

A regular Chapter of Rose-Croix is composed of seven 
members, and a perfect Council of 'twelve, 

A regular Council of Knights Kadosh is composed of 
nine members, and a perfect Council, of eighteen. 

§ 3. All returns of Consistories and Subordinate Bodies 
must be made on the 1st day of March in each year, and 
be directed to the Secretary-General at Washington, D. C. 
They must contain the names of the officers and members 
of the body, and a statement of what degrees have been 
conferred, and the names of the persons upon whom they 
have been conferred, since the last return. 

§ 4. In addition to the meetings and feast-days elsewhere 
provided for, there shall be a Grand Communication of 
each Grand Consistory on the second Wednesday in Janu- 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 4OI 

ary in each year, when returns shall be made to it by all 
its subordinates, and all dues be paid by them ; and the 
proceedings of each Grand Consistory, at each annual 
Grand Communication shall be immediately thereafter pub- 
lished, with the names of all the bodies under its jurisdic- 
tion, and of all the members of itself and of all such bodies. 

§ 5. Upon mere information of misconduct of a Subor- 
dinate Body, its labors cannot be suspended by an Active 
or Deputy Inspector general ; but upon any such informa- 
tion, general or particular, being received by an Inspector- 
General, the body complained of must be notified of the 
charge, and have an opportunity of trial and defence. 

§6. Whenever Letters of Constitution shall be issued to 
constitute any body of this Order, application shall be 
made at the next Session of the Supreme Council for Let- 
ters-Patent in Ample Form, duly signed by all the mem- 
bers of the Council of Administration, in continuation of 
the original Letters ; and in default thereof, all rights, 
powers and privileges under the original Letters of Con- 
stitution shall cease, unless the same shall be continued by 
the Supreme Council. [Whole Article, 1868. 

ARTICLE XXX. 
Balloting for Degrees. 

% 1. The ballot is retained in the several bodies from the 
4th to the 30th degrees inclusive, but in each such body 
there shall hereafter be an appeal from the exercise of the 
power of rejection by a single Brother, as follows : 

§ 2. Whenever, in either such body, there are three black 
balls, on the question of initiation, advancement or affilia- 
tion, the candidate will be declared rejected without fur- 
ther action ; and cannot again apply to the same body or 
any other of that degree, until after the expiration of six 
calendar months. 

§ 3. When one or two black balls only appear, the Bro- 



402 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

ther, or Brethren casting the same shall be invited to make 
known to the Presiding Officer, who shall receive them 
under the seal of secrecy as to the party, his reasons for 
voting to reject ; and further action shall be postponed to a 
special meeting then to be fixed by the Presiding Officer 
for an early day. The Brother or Brethren, so voting, are 
at liberty to decline making themselves or their reasons 
known, at their pleasure. 

§ 4. If he or they communicate the reasons for the vote, 
the Presiding Officer will exercise his discretion as to mak- 
ing such reasons known to the body, and will not do so, if 
he deems it improper or not advisable, or if by doing so, it 
would become known by whom the negative vote or votes 
were given. In either such case, he will make known to 
the body that the reasons have been communicated to him, 
but that for a cause, which he shall state, he does not make 
them known ; and shall give his opinion whether they do 
or do not require or justify rejection. 

§ 5. Thereupon, or if the reasons have not been commu- 
nicated to the Presiding Officer, a second ballot shall be 
taken, and if then there be two negatives, the application 
will be declared rejected. 

§ 6. Every person must be proposed in open meeting, 
at least one calendar month before being voted for, either 
for initiation, advancement, or affiliation ; and it is the right 
of every Brother to make known, in open meeting, what- 
ever he may know against any person who is to be balloted 
for. 

ARTICLE XXXI. 

Charges and Trials. 

% 1. When charges are preferred against a Honorary 
Member, the Supreme Council or Sovereign Grand Com- 
mander, in vacation, shall appoint and commission a tri- 
bunal of five Honorary Sovereign Grand Inspectors-Gene- 



CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 403 

ral, before whom he shall be tried ; which tribunals are in- 
vested with all the necessary judicial powers, and shall 
proceed in accordance with the principles of Masonic juris- 
prudence, and have power to require by summons the at- 
tendance of the accuser, and of witnesses on either side 
who are members of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish 
Rite, and to punish for any failure to obey such summons. 

§ 2. Every such Tribunal shall open in the Thirty-first 
degree, and be governed by its provisions. 

§ 3. An appeal to the Supreme Council shall lie in all 
cases of conviction before such tribunals. 

ARTICLE XXXII. 
Rules of Comity. 

§ I. No Inspector-General will hereafter confer any of 
the degrees of the Rite on any person whatever who is not 
a resident of the State of his own residence, or of some 
State or Territory of the Jurisdiction in which there is no 
resident Inspector-General, active member of the Supreme 
Council, unless such person be a foreigner of some Nation, 
Country or State in which there is none, and which is not 
within the jurisdiction of any other Supreme Council. 

§ 2. But an Inspector-General resident in one State may, 
with the written consent of the Inspector-General in an- 
other, confer the degrees on a person resident in the latter 
State. 

§ 3. An Inspector-General, active member of the Su- 
preme Council, may confer any of the degrees except the 
33d, in a country or State not of the Southern Jurisdiction ; 
but only upon those upon whom he may legally confer 
them by virtue of the preceding sections ; and he cannot in 
any other case authorize any foreign Body or foreign In- 
spector-General to confer the degrees for him in such 
country or State. 

§ 4. Every Sovereign Grand Inspector-General, active 



404 CONSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS. 

member of the Supreme Council, possesses, and may exer- 
cise in the State in which he resides, during the recess of 
the Supreme Council, all the prerogatives of Grand Master 
of Symbolic Lodges, so far as relates to the Ancient and 
Accepted Scottish Rite. 

ARTICLE XXXIII. 

Declaratory Provision. 

All the existing Statutes and Regulations of this Supreme 
Council are to be taken and held as superseded by these 
present Revised Regulations, which with the Regulations 
of 1762, and the Grand Constitutions of 1786, so far as the 
same are unaltered hereby, and with the unwritten princi- 
ples and landmarks of Free-Masonry, shall henceforth be 
the law of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite in the 
Southern Jurisdiction of the United States. 

Certified as authentic. 

Albert Pike, g§| 

Sov:. Gr:. Com:. 

ALBERT G. MACKEY, g§| 

Sec. Gen.'. H:. E.\ 




STATUTES 



IN 

RELATION TO THE TRIBUNALS OF THE 
THIRTY-FIRST DEGREE. 



TRIALS AND APPEALS. 
ARTICLE I. 

§ I. Every Tribunal of the Thirty-first degree organized 
for the trial of offences, shall be composed of five, seven or 
nine members, and no more, not including the Advocate 
and Defender. 

§ 2. For the trial of a Sublime Prince of the Royal Secret, 
all the members must have attained the Thirty-second de- 
gree ; and, for all others, at least five must have attained it, 
and the others be of the Thirty-first degree. 

ARTICLE II. 

§ i. Tribunals of the Thirty-first degree have exclusive 
jurisdiction to hear, try, and determine all offences against 
Masonic law, or the Statutes, Constitutional Provisions, 
Rules and Regulations, of the Supreme Council of the 
Thirty-third degree, committed by Brethren who have at- 
tained any degree above the Eighteenth ; and of appeals 
from all judgments of all Subordinate Bodies within their 
jurisdiction. 

§ 2. Tribunals of the Thirty-first degree shall also have 
26 (405) 



406 STATUTES AND INSTITUTES. 

jurisdiction in all cases ordered by Subordinate Bodies to 
be transmitted to them for trial ; and to decide all ques- 
tions certified to them by such Subordinate Bodies. 



ARTICLE III. 

§ I. A Tribunal of the Thirty-first degree may be order- 
ed to convene by the Grand Consistory of a State, or by 
the resident Sovereign Grand Inspector-General of the 
State, whether there be or be not a Grand Consistory of 
the same, or by the Grand Commander-in-Chief of the 
Grand Consistory, or Sovereign Grand Commander, either 
upon charges being preferred, or upon information or 
knowledge otherwise obtained of the commission of an of- 
fence. 

§ 2. The Grand Consistory or officer ordering such Tri- 
bunal, will name in the order the Grand Inspectors In- 
quisitors Commanders, who are to constitute the Tribunal; 
and the one first named in the order will be the President 
of the Tribunal. 

§ 3. If such order be made by the Grand Consistory, it 
will be entered in full on its record. If it be made by an 
Inspector-General, or by the Grand Commander-in-Chief, 
or by the Sovereign Grand Commander, he will furnish a 
copy of it to the Grand Consistory, if there be one in the 
State, and it will be entered on the record. A copy of the 
order will also be furnished to each member of the Tribunal, 
which will be his warrant and commission, and one to the 
accused. 

§ 4. The Grand Consistory or officer ordering the Tri- 
bunal will also appoint a Prince of the Royal Secret to act 
as Advocate, and one to act as Defender, and notify each 
of his appointment. 

§ 5. No person should be appointed a member of such 
Tribunal who is not impartial and unprejudiced, or who 



STATUTES AND INSTITUTES. 407 

has formed or expressed a decided opinion as to the guilt 
or innocence of the party to be tried, or who is nearly con- 
nected with him in business, or by consanguinity or affinity; 
and, if any member appointed be challenged for cause by 
the Advocate or Accused, the Grand Consistory or officer 
ordering the Court may displace such member, if it or he 
is satisfied that the challenge is well taken, and appoint 
another in the stead of the party challenged. 

§ 6. Princes not members of the Grand Consistory are 
competent to sit as members of such Tribunals ; and, if 
there be not sufficient Princes in the State where the Ac- 
cused resides to constitute the Tribunal, they may be ap- 
pointed from an adjoining, or the nearest, State, wherein 
there are enough ; and, in that case, the Tribunal may sit 
in such other State. But, when any of the Inspectors 
Inquisitors are to be appointed from another State, the 
Tribunal must be ordered by the Sovereign Grand Com- 
mander or an Inspector-General of his own motion, or at 
the request of a Prince or Princes of the Royal Secret. 

§ 7. None of the Dignitaries of a Grand Consistory can 
be members of such a Tribunal. 

§ 8. Such a Tribunal may be ordered for the trial of all 
such cases as may come before it, without naming any par- 
ticular case or party. 

§ 9. Any Mason knowing of the commission by a Brother 
of rank above the Eighteenth degree, of any offence against 
Masonic Law, the Constitutions, Regulations or Statutes, 
or of any conduct on his part unbecoming a Mason, a 
Knight and a Gentleman, may make known the fact to a 
Grand Consistory, an Inspector-General, the Grand Com- 
mander-in-Chief of a Grand Consistory, or the Sovereign 
Grand Commander, by communication in writing, stating 
the offence, its nature and circumstances, and the time or 
times of its commission. 

§ 10. Every such communication, or statement of like 



408 STATUTES AND INSTITUTES. 

kind by the officer ordering the Tribunal upon his own in- 
formation or knowledge, with the names of the witnesses, 
shall be furnished to the Advocate, who shall cause to be 
prepared and prefer the act of Accusation. 

§ ii. Every Act of Accusation shall contain and set forth 
charges and specifications, after the manner of those usual 
in military courts of England and the United States. 

§ 12. Upon the Act of Accusation being preferred, the 
President of the Tribunal shall issue a Citation, by which 
the Accused shall be cited to appear before the Tribunal 
at a certain time and place and answer the charge. The 
nature of such charge shall be specified in general terms 
only. The Citation may be served by any Mason of a de- 
gree as high as that possessed by the Accused ; and such 
service shall be by copy in writing — the original being re- 
turned to the President with a certificate of service. If the 
Accused cannot be found at his last known place of resi- 
dence, and it is so returned, a copy of the Citation shall be 
put up in such place, in the chamber of any Masonic body 
there, of which he was last a member, or in that of any Ma- 
sonic body there, if he was a member of none ; or, if there 
be no Masonic body in such place, then in any public place 
there ; and due return made of such constructive service by 
a Mason of the highest degree possessed by the Accused, 
shall be sufficient to give the Tribunal jurisdiction. The 
Citation cannot be served by delivery to a member of the 
family of the Accused, or to any person other than him- 
self, or by leaving a copy at his dwelling-house or place 
of business. 

§ 13. Whenever the Accused or his Defender asks it, he 
shall be furnished with a copy of the Act of Accusation, 
and a list of the witnesses against him. 

§ 14. The day fixed for the appearance shall be at least 
ten days after the actual or constructive service. 

§ 15. Upon the day fixed, if the accused appear, he shall 



STATUTES AND INSTITUTES. 409 

make full answer to the charge, stating, if he pleases, any 
extenuating circumstances, and detailing the facts as par- 
ticularly as he pleases. The Defender is charged with the 
duty of preparing this defence. 

§ 16. And, if he does not appear, or when he has answer- 
ed, a day shall be fixed for trial, and written evidence may, 
in the meantime, be taken on both sides. 

§ 17. The testimony of persons not Masons must be 
given on oath, and that of Masons upon their highest Ma- 
sonic obligations ; and either may be taken in writing or 
orally. 

ARTICLE IV. 

Trial. 

§ 1. At the time fixed for trial, unless the Tribunal grants 
further delay — as it may do at its discretion — the testimony 
taken in writing shall be read and the witnesses heard ; the 
Accused having the right to be present, fully to examine 
or cross-examine the witnesses, and to be heard by himself 
or the Defender, or both. He or his Defender shall also 
have the right to conclude the argument. 

§ 2. After the case is heard, argued and submitted, the 
Accused and witnesses shall withdraw, and the Tribunal 
shall deliberate. 

§ 3. After deliberation, the members shall vote upon the 
different specifications in the Act of Accusation, each mem- 
ber voting in turn, beginning with the youngest member, 
and the officers following, according to rank, from lowest 
to highest. The Advocate and the Defender shall not vote. 

§ 4. Two-thirds of those present must concur to find the 
Accused guilty of any charge or specification. 

§ 5. The punishment shall be fixed by a like vote ; a ma- 
jority determining its nature and extent. 

§ 6. The Accused shall then be called in and informed of 
the result. If he be found guilty, the sentence shall be 



41 STATUTES AND INSTITUTES. 

communicated to all Masonic bodies of which he is a mem- 
ber, and the punishment shall be imposed according to the 
sentence and the Laws, Statutes and Regulations govern- 
ing the case. 

§ 7. If the trial proceeds in the absence of the Accused, 
the Defender shall represent him, and perform all the du- 
ties of counsel to the best of his ability. 

§ 8. The punishment of an offence may be deprivation of 
the rights and privileges of the Masonry of the Ancient 
and Accepted Scottish Rite ; indefinite suspension from 
those rights and privileges, to be terminated by vote of the 
Grand Consistory or Supreme Council, upon reform and 
atonement ; expulsion from the bodies of which the party 
convicted is a member; fines, to be applied to purposes of 
charity ; amends to be made to any party injured ; censure 
and reprimand. There can be no suspension for a limited 
time, with restoration as of course at its expiration. 

ARTICLE V. 
Appeals. 

§ 1. An appeal from any judgment of a Tribunal of In- 
spectors-Inquisitors, lies to the Grand Consistory of the 
State, if there be one, sitting in the Tribunal of the Thirly- 
first degree ; and if there be no Grand Consistory, then to 
the Supreme Council. It may be taken either by the Ad- 
vocate or the Accused, and by mere notice of appeal. If 
taken to the Grand Consistory, it is suspensive. If to the 
Supreme Council, it may be made suspensive by the order 
of the resident Inspector-General, if there be one, or, if 
there be none, then by order of the Sovereign Grand Com- 
mander, if, upon inspection of an exemplification of the 
proceeding, he thinks that there is reasonable ground for 
an appeal. 

§ 2. Appeals from subordinate bodies lie direct to the 
Grand Consistory of the State, if there be one, sitting as a 



STATUTES AND INSTITUTES. 41 1 

Tribunal of the Thirty- first degree ; or, if there be no 
Grand Consistory, then to the resident Inspector-General ; 
or, if there be none, then to the Sovereign Grand Com- 
mander. If such Appeal be on the facts, the Grand Con- 
sistory, Inspector-General or Sovereign Grand Commander 
will order a Tribunal, as provided in Article III., to try 
the case de novo, and from its decisions an Appeal will lie 
as in cases of original jurisdiction. If the Appeal involves 
only questions of law, the Grand Consistory in Tribunal of 
the Thirty-first degree, the Inspector-General or Sovereign 
Grand Commander will decide them ; and from every such 
decision an Appeal will lie to the Supreme Council. 

§ 3. The Appellate Tribunal or officer will affirm, re- 
verse, remand, or grant a new trial, or altogether quash 
and annul, as it or he may deem proper and in accordance 
with Masonic law. 

§ 4. In. case the Grand Consistory tries the matter de 
novo, the proceedings on the trial shall be conducted as in 
trials before the Tribunals of original jurisdiction. 

§ 5. Appeals taken direct to the Supreme Council be- 
cause there is no Grand Consistory of the State, shall be 
disposed of in the same manner as if taken to a Grand Con- 
sistory ; the facts, if the Appeal be on the facts, being tried 
by a Tribunal of five Honorary Sovereign Grand Inspect- 
ors-General, appointed by the Sovereign Grand Com- 
mander, whose judgment on the facts shall be final ; but an 
Appeal may be taken from their decision, on any matter of 
Law, to the Supreme Council, which shall decide them and 
all questions of law on which any other Appeal to it may 
be taken. 

§ 6. From' every judgment of a Grand Consistory on 
questions of law arising in any case, an Appeal lies to the 
Supreme Council, which shall decide the same, and such 
an Appeal may be made suspensive by order of the resi- 
dent Inspector-General or Sovereign Grand Commander. 



412 STATUTES AND INSTITUTES. 

But no Appeal from the decision and judgment of a Grand 
Consistory to the Supreme Council, shall bring up for re- 
view any question of fact. 

§ 7. The reversal or quashal of a judgment will restore 
the party to all he had lost by occasion thereof, including 
membership in subordinate bodies, if it had deprived him 
thereof. 

§ 8. The Sovereign Grand Commander, an Inspector- 
General, or the Commander-in-Chief of a Grand Consis- 
tory, may issue writs of certiorari to bring up cases in 
which the party might have appealed, or an Appeal was 
refused ; and the proceedings thereon will be the same as 
in cases of Appeal. The officer issuing such a writ may 
order that it operate to supersede the judgment complained 
of in the petition. 

§ 9. When a question or questions are certified to a 
Grand Consistory as a Tribunal of the Thirty-first degree, 
from a subordinate body for its decision, it shall proceed 
to decide the same after hearing argument, upon a certifi- 
cate of the Recorder or Secretary of such subordinate, 
stating the question and the reference. Questions of law 
only shall be so referred. Upon such questions the decision 
of the majority shall stand as the decision of the whole, and 
no dissent be made known, nor any dissenting opinion be 
given, except by the vote. And any Prince making it 
known that he dissented, will incur the penalties of divul- 
gation of secrets not permitted to be made known. But 
any three members may demand that the question be re- 
ferred to the Supreme Council for its decision, where, also, 
the decision of the majority shall be the decision of the 
whole. 

§ 10. Members of the Consistory who sat on the trial of 
the cause in the Tribunal of original jurisdiction, are com- 
petent to sit in the Grand Tribunal on Appeal. 

§ 11. Before the Grand Consistory or Supreme Council 



STATUTES AND INSTITUTES. 413 

shall decide any question of law, the Grand Minister of 
State of each, respectively, shall pronounce his conclusions 
upon the question, in writing, and the vote shall be taken 
for or against his conclusions. 

12. The opinion and decision of a Grand Consistory, 
when final, or of the Supreme Council, when certified to 
the body by which it was referred, shall be recorded as the 
judgment of such body, and be final and conclusive in the 
premises. 

ARTICLE VI. 
Powers of Tribunals, and Modes of Procedure. 

§ 1. Every Tribunal organized under these Statutes will 
sit and act as a court of Justice, and, where the Statutes are 
silent, be governed by the general principles of the Civil 
and Canon Law. If other members of the Grand Consis- 
tory are present, or even an Inspector-General or the Sov- 
ereign Grand Commander, they will be spectators merely. 

§ 2. Each such Tribunal will appoint a Mason of the 
Thirty-second or Thirty-first degree, to be its Marshal-at- 
Arms, and execute its process, and keep order, and may 
fine and punish for contempt. Each has the power to is- 
sue process for witnesses who are Masons of the Ancient 
and Accepted Scottish Rite of any grade, and refusal to 
obey such process will be violation of obligation. 

§ 3. The Tribunals created under these Statutes, and the 
Grand Consistories as Tribunals of the Thirty-first degree, 
shall also have jurisdiction to issue mandates to require 
subordinate bodies to proceed to judgment, or otherwise 
to do whatever acts they ought to do in order to give to a 
Brother his Masonic rights ; as also mandates requiring 
them to desist from proceedings in proper cases ; and man- 
dates to bring before them questions of right to office in 
subordinate bodies ; and shall have jurisdiction to hear and 
determine all of the same. 



41 4 STATUTES AND INSTITUTES. 

§ 4. They may also, by mandate, suspend or supersede 
any judgment or action of such inferior bodies. 

§ 5. The said Tribunals shall usurp and assume to them- 
selves no powers not granted by these Statutes, or not 
flowing as necessary incidents or corollaries, from the 
powers hereby granted, 

§ 6. They may act as Tribunals of conciliation or decision 
in all matters of difference, dispute or dissension, between 
Masons of the same or different degrees, when such mat- 
ters are either referred to them by subordinate bodies, or 
by the parties themselves, or one of them, or by other Ma- 
sons ; and shall examine into and weigh the facts and mer- 
its, and give and enforce such judgment and decision as 
shall, in their view, be just, right and equitable in the 
premises. 

ARTICLE VII. 
Costs and Records. 

§ 1. The Tribunals organized under these Statutes, and 
the Grand Consistories and Supreme Council sitting as 
Tribunals or Appellate bodies, shall have power to adjudge 
against the party convicted, or against whom their judg- 
ment may be given in any case, the actual costs of such 
proceedings. 

§ 2. A record shall be faithfully kept of the proceedings 
of each Tribunal organized under these Statutes ; and each 
record shall be filed and preserved, when the Tribunal is 
dissolved, among the Archives of the Grand Consistory, if 
there be one in the State, and if there be none, then in the 
Archives of the Supreme Council. 

§ 3. Each Grand Consistory and the Supreme Council 
will also keep a separate judicial record of all causes and 
trials before it, and of all questions decided by it. 

Adopted, May 21st, 1869. 



GENERAL REGULATIONS 



ADOPTED BY THE 



SUPREME COUNCIL 

AND 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 



Resolved, (i.) That the tenth article of the Statutes and 
Institutes means and intends, that the regular biennial ses- 
sion may be held at any place the Supreme Council may 
designate. (4 May, 1870.) 

Resolved, (2.) That the Secretary-General of the Holy 
Empire be instructed to provide a suitable book, in which 
to record a roll of the Members, Active and Honorary, of 
this Supreme Council from its organization ; giving their 
names in full, their previous Masonic titles, their places 
of birth, ages and occupations; as also the same particu- 
lars with regard to any hitherto elected to receive the 33d 
Degree, without membership, and who have received the 
same; which roll shall give the names of such Brethren in 
the order in which they were crowned, and the date of 
their receiving the Dignity. 

And it shall further be the duty of the Secretary-Gene- 
ral, when any one is hereafter proposed for membership, or 
to receive the 33d Degree, to enter the same particulars on 
the Minutes ; and in case of his election and of receiving 
said degree or membership, the same particulars shall also 
be entered in the Book provided as aforesaid. 

(415) 



4l6 GENERAL REGULATIONS. 

And said Book shall also contain a suitable column for 
remarks, in which to record any severance of the connec- 
tion of any such Inspector-General with this Supreme 
Council, either by death, resignation, removal or depriva- 
tion of office ; or any transfer of such connection to the 
list of Emeriti membership, or any other change in his of- 
ficial or Masonic relation to the Supreme Council. (5 May, 
1870.) 

Resolved, That in cases where Sovereign Grand-Inspec- 
tors-General, Honorary Members of this Supreme Coun- 
cil, desire to withdraw their Active Membership in Grand 
Consistories, they may do so, and such Bodies may accept 
such withdrawal, and may place them upon the list of Em- 
eriti or Honorary Membership therein. (5 May, 1870.) 

Resolved, That should Members of the 33d Degree, Hon- 
orary Members of this Supreme Council, refuse or neglect 
to pay their dues to Grand Consistories, or should they 
fail to perform their duties as Active Members in such 
Bodies ; then the Grand Consistory shall make report of 
such failure or neglect to the Supreme Council, who shall 
take action thereon. (5 May, 1870.) 

The Supreme Council has the right and power to enter 
any territory unoccupied by a Grand Council of Royal 
and Select Masters, and there to open Councils of those 
Degrees. But the Supreme Council by its own action has 
not, and should not, in our opinion, claim exclusive con- 
trol over those Degrees ; but should recognize the right 
of Grand Councils to enter unoccupied territory, and there 
in like manner to establish Councils. (15 May, 1870.) 

When an Honorary Inspector-General, a member of the 
Grand Consistory and Subordinate Bodies in one State, 
removes to another, it is necessary that on such removal, 
he apply for and be elected to membership in the Bodies 
subordinate to the Grand Consistory, or he is not entitled 
to the rights and privileges of membership. (6 May, 1870.) 



GENERAL REGULATIONS. 417 

Resolved, That the sum of Three Hundred Dollars be 
appropriated to enable the Secretary-General to procure 
the transcription of all important records and minutes m 
the Book of Gold, to be drawn from the Treasury on the 
certificate of the Secretary-General, from time to time, as 
the work is done. (7 May, 1870.) 

Resolved, That from and after the removal of the Secre- 
tary-General to either the City of Washington, or that of 
Alexandria, Georgetown, or Baltimore, and the establish- 
ment of his office in the City of Washington, and these 
facts being certified by the Sov.\ Gr.\ Commander to the 
Treasurer-General, the Secretary-General shall receive a 
salary in addition to his fees, of one thousand dollars per 
annum, payable quarterly, each year being deemed to com- 
mence on the first day of March. 

Resolved, That the Secretary-General shall in addition to 
his other fees and compensations, receive a commission of 
ten per centum of all moneys received by him for Rituals, 
Secret Work, and other Books deposited with him for sale. 

Resolved, That the Secretary-General, Treasurer-Gene- 
ral, Grand Chancellor and Grand Minister of State, be di- 
rected each to procure and use a proper seal of office for 
purposes of identification. (7 May, 1870.) 

Resolved, That hereafter any member of this Rite who 
shall receive the 14th Degree, shall be required to sub- 
scribe to the oath of allegiance to this Supreme Council. 
(7 May, 1870.) 

Resolved, That any Mason of the Anc.\ and Ace. Rite, 
who shall reside permanently in the vicinity of a regularly 
organized body or bodies of the Rite, and does not within 
six months seek affiliation with such body, or with one of 
them, shall be prohibited from visiting such organized 
bodies, from receiving relief therefrom, and from Masonic 
burial at their hands. (Council of Administration, 10 May, 
1870.) 



41 8 GENERAL REGULATIONS. 

Resolved, That hereafter, when any of the degrees are 
communicated, the recipient shall be required to take a 
solemn promise and vow, at the time the first of the de- 
grees shall be so communicated, to the effect that he will 
avail himself of the earliest practicable opportunity to be 
present when any of the degrees so communicated, shall 
be conferred, until he shall have been present at the con- 
ferring of all that he may receive. (Council of Administra- 
tion, 10 May, 1870.) 

An Active Inspector-General removing from the State 
whence he was appointed, into another State, is entitled to 
exercise all the prerogatives of an Inspector-General in the 
State into which he has removed. (Council of Administra- 
tion, 10 May, 1870.) 



A Statute to establish a Court of Honour. 

§ 1. There is hereby established a Court of Honour, of 
those who have deserved well of the Ancient and Accepted 
Scottish Rite, to be composed of Sublime Princes of the 
Royal Secret. 

§ 2. The Knights of the Court of Honour shall be of two 
ranks — Knight Commanders and Grand Crosses of Honour. 

§ 3. All Knights Commanders and Grand Crosses shall 
be elected by the Supreme Council, by affirmative vote of 
three-fourths of the members present. 

§ 4. Each member present at the next Session of the Su- 
preme Council, may nominate two Sublime Princes of the 
Royal Secret of his State, to receive the rank and decora- 
tion of Knight Commander of the Court of Honour; each 
taking care to nominate no one who has not by zeal, devo- 
tion and active service, deserved w T ell of the Ancient and 
Accepted Scottish Rite. 



GENERAL REGULATIONS. 419 

§ 5. At every session of the Supreme Council thereafter, 
each member present may nominate one Sublime Prince 
of the Royal Secret of his State, and no more, to receive 
the rank and decoration of Knight Commander of the Court 
of Honour. 

§ 6. The rank and decoration of Knight Commander of 
the Court of Honour shall never be asked or applied for by 
any person ; and if asked or applied for, shall be refused. 
And no fee or charge shall ever be made for the said rank 
and decoration, or those of the Grand Cross of the Court 
of Honour. 

§ 7. The Supreme Council shall at the next, and every 
subsequent session, select from among the Knights Com- 
manders, three Grand Crosses of the Court of Honour, and 
no more. 

§ 8. Each Grand Consistory may, at each meeting of the 
Supreme Council, nominate one Prince of the Royal Secret 
to receive the rank and decoration of Knight Commander 
of the Court of Honour. 

§ 9. No Prince of the Royal Secret shall be hereafter 
elevated to the rank of Honorary Sovereign Grand Inspec- 
tor-General, unless he be a Knight Commander of the 
Court of Honour. 

§ 10. Each Active Member of the Supreme Council will 
be, virtute officii sui, an Honorary Grand Cross of the Court 
of Honour, entitled to wear the decoration of that rank; 
and such Honorary Sovereign Grand Inspectors-General 
also as may, for distinguished services, be elected thereto, 
by vote of three-fourths of the members present in Su- 
preme Council. 

§ 11. The Sovereign Grand Commander will be Prasfect 
of the Court of Honour, and the Lieutenant Grand Com- 
mander will be Pro-Prsefect. The first Grand Cross se- 
lected from each State will be the Pro-Praetor for such 
State ; and the Grand Commander-in-Chief of each Grand 



420 GENERAL REGULATIONS. 

Consistory, if a Grand Cross, will be, during his term of 
office, Praetor Honorary for the State. 

§ 12. The Court of Honour may assemble at the same 
time and place with the Supreme Council ; shall be pre- 
sided over by a Legate Grand Cross designated by the 
Sovereign Grand Commander; adopt Rules of Order and 
Statutes for its government, and propose to the Supreme 
Council measures of legislation for the benefit of the Order 
of Scottish Freemasonry, and be heard in the Supreme 
Council by its Grand Crosses, to urge, explain, and discuss 
the same. 

§ 13. Each Knight Commander and Grand Cross of the 
Court of Honour shall receive from the Supreme Council, 
without charge, a Diploma or Letters Commendatory, in 
the Latin language, and on vellum, as evidence of his rank. 

§ 14. Every Grand Cross shall have the privileges of 
membership in all bodies of the Rite in his State, and be 
free of all dues, taxes and assessments every where. 

§ 15. The Supreme Council will give, without charge, to 
every Grand Cross of the Court of Honour the Jewel of his 
rank. 

§ 16. The Jewel of a Knight Commander, and that of a 
Grand Cross, shall be such as may be defined and estab- 
lished by the M.\ P.-. Sov.\ Gr.\ Commander and the 
Lieut.*. Gr.\ Commander, to whom the subject is referred. 



The vote upon the foregoing Statute being taken by let- 
ter, in the vacation of the Supreme Council, twenty-one 
Inspectors-General, Members of the Supreme Council, 
voted in the affirmative and none in the negative ; where- 
upon the same became a law, and was so announced by the 
Secretary-General, in the Official Bulletin of the Supreme 
Council, on the iQth day of July, A.D. 1870. 

ALBERT G. MACKEY, j§| ALBERT PlKE, jj| 

Sec. Gen.'. H.\ E.\ Sov.\ Gr.'. Com.'. 



Statutes and Regulations 

ADOPTED AT THE SESSION OF MAY, 1872. 



27 



STATUTORY DISPOSITIONS 

Enacted at May Session, 1872. 



A Regulation for the Settlement of Accounts. 

The Supreme Council by its Council of Administration 
enacts provisionally as follows : 

§ 1. The Committee on Finance, appointed at any ses- 
sion of the Supreme Council — that appointed at the last 
session included — will continue to act until the second day 
of the next session of the Supreme Council. 

§ 2. Vacancies occurring- from any cause, in the interim 
between sessions of the Supreme Council, in the chair- 
manship or membership of the said Committee, will be 
filled by appointment by the Sovereign Grand Commander. 

§ 3. The Chairman of the said Committee will be, during 
the vacation of the Supreme Council, ex-officio the Auditor 
of Accounts of the Supreme Council, and as such the eighth 
dignitary of the same. 

§ 4. The Sovereign Grand Commander, Secretary-Gene- 
ral, Treasurer-General and each Sovereign Grand Inspec- 
tor General, Active Member of the Supreme Council, and 
each Special Deputy of the Supreme Council, will, by the 
first day of January next, transmit to the Auditor of Ac- 
counts complete returns and reports : 

a. Of all degrees conferred by him not before reported. 

b. Of all bodies created by him not before reported. 

c. Of all rituals and books of ceremonies, and other 

(4*3) 



424 STATUTES AND REGULATIONS. 

books of the Supreme Council, issued, sold, or otherwise 
disposed of by him, not before reported. 

d. Of all charters of constitution issued by him not be- 
fore reported. 

e. Of all diplomas, briefs and patents granted by him, 
not before reported. 

f. Of all moneys received by him from each such 
source, or other sources whatever, for the Supreme Coun- 
cil, not before reported, and of all moneys properly ex- 
pended by him, and expenses incurred in the performance 
of official duty, and of all commissions charged by him. 

§ 5. Like returns and reports, by the same time, are re- 
quired of any who have heretofore been active members of 
the Supreme Council, or Special Deputies, so far as they 
have not made due return and report. 

§ 6. If, upon examination of such returns and reports, 
any are found to be in arrears to the Supreme Council, the 
Auditor shall certify to the Treasurer the amount found 
due, and notify the party of the same, who shall within 
thirty days thereafter, pay to the Treasurer any moneys s© 
found due, the said term of thirty days being counted from 
the day of mailing the notification by the Auditor of Ac- 
counts. 

§ 7. If any Dignitary above named, shall fail to make 
such returns and reports at the time required, the said 
Auditor shall, immediately after the tenth day of January 
next, notify the Sovereign Grand Commander thereof, or, 
if he be in default, the Lieutenant Grand Commander ; and 
so in case of like default on the part of any Active Mem- 
ber or Special.Deputy ; upon the receipt of which notifica- 
tion by the Treasurer-General of failure to pay over 
moneys found due, by the time prescribed, and after ten 
additional days of grace, the party in default shall be de- 
clared suspended from all his functions until restored 
thereto by the Supreme Council. 



STATUTES AND REGULATIONS. 425 

§ 8. This regulation shall be in force upon its promulga- 
tion by letter by the Sow. Gr.\ Commander. 

Promulgated by the Sov.\ Gr.\ Commander, by En- 
cyclical letter, on the 25th of October, 1871, V.*. E.\ 

Albert Pike, gpi 

Sov:. Gr;. Com:. 



Confirmed by the Supreme Council, May, 1872, as Art. 
XIX, §§ 8 to 14 ; § 10 (3) being changed to read as follows: 

§ 10. The Auditor of the Supreme Council will be ex- 
officio Chairman of the said Committee. He must be 
elected ad perpetuitatem vitce, and will be, as such, the eighth 
dignitary of the Supreme Council and a member of the 
Council of Administration. 

ARTICLE VI. 

§ 3. During the recess of the Supreme Council, the Sov.\ 
Gr.\ Commander, acting as the Representative of the Su- 
preme Council, is invested with a general supervision of 
the Rite throughout the Jurisdiction. He may for good 
and sufficient cause enter the State Jurisdiction of any ac- 
tive Member and suspend the faculties of said Active Mem- 
ber until the next session of the Supreme Council, or may 
for the same time arrest the Charter of any subordinate 
body, he being responsible for his act in either case to the 
Supreme Council, to whom an appeal from his decision lies 
in all cases, but the appeal shall not be deemed suspensive. 

ARTICLE VII. 

§ 3. Whenever a vacancy occurs in the office of Grand 
Prior, Grand Chancellor, Grand Minister of State, Secre- 
tary-General, Treasurer-General or Auditor during the 



426 STATUTES AND REGULATIONS. 

recess of the Supreme Council, the Sovereign Grand Com- 
mander shall make an appointment ad interim ; the person 
so appointed shall serve until the next session of the Su- 
preme Council and shall, during the time that he exercises 
the duties of the office to which he has been appointed, be 
deemed a member of the Council of Administration. 

ARTICLE XXIII. 

§ 3. On and after the first day of May, 1873, no Mason 
of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite shall be permit- 
ted to visit any Lodge, Chapter, Council or Consistory in 
this Jurisdiction unless he shall be in possession, and, if a 
stranger, shall present for inspection, a Brief, Patent or Di- 
ploma of the highest degree conferred in that Body, or of a 
higher degree, to be issued from the office of the Secretary- 
General H.\ E.\ ; and it shall be the duty of every Lodge, 
Chapter, Council and Consistory to furnish every member, 
at the time of his receiving the highest degree in the Body, 
with such Brief, Patent or Diploma, the charge for which 
shall be added to the fees for the degrees. 

ARTICLE XXXIII. 

§ 2. No Statute shall be adopted at the same session at 
which it was proposed, but each must be referred to the 
Committee on Jurisprudence and Legislation, and be concur- 
red in by two-thirds of the members of the Supreme Council ; 
except in extreme cases, when a new Statute, after reference 
to the Committee on Jurisprudence and Legislation, may 
be adopted by two-thirds of the members of the Council of 
Administration. 



STATUTES AND REGULATIONS. 427 



ADDITIONAL STATUTE AS TO THE COURT OF HONOR. 



§ 17. The M.\ P.*. Sov.\ Gr.\ Commander may at each 
session of the Supreme Council, nominate such number of 
Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret of this Jurisdiction as 
he may deem to have merited the honour by active service 
and well-directed zeal and devotion to the advancement of 
the Rite, to receive the rank and decoration of Knight 
Commander of the Court of Honour. 

§ 18. Each Grand Consistory making the nomination 
provided for by section eight of such Statute, must do so 
at the meeting in March next preceding each biennial ses- 
sion of the Supreme Council, and immediately thereafter 
certify its action to the Active Member of the Supreme 
Council for its State — which certificate, with the recom- 
mendation accompanying the same, shall be forwarded by 
such Active Member to the Sec*. Gen.-, of the H.\ E.\ 

§ 19. All nominations for the rank and decoration of 
Knight Commander shall be filed with the Sec*. Gen.-, of 
the H.\ E.\ at least two weeks before the Biennial Session 
of the Supreme Council, who shall prepare a roll thereof — 
which, with the recommendations in each case, shall be 
upon the Secretary-General's table at the Council Cham- 
ber on the first day of the Session, for inspection by the 
Members Active and Honorary of the Supreme Council. 
And such nominations shall be acted upon on the second 
day of such session, in accordance with the Statutes and 
practice of the Supreme Council in the election of its mem- 
bers. 

§ 20. No Honorary Inspector General elected to receive 
the decoration of Knight Commander of the Court of 
Honour, shall be invested with the same until he has paid 
up all fees due by him to the Supreme Council. 



428 STATUTES AND REGULATIONS. 



A STATUTE OF 1872. 



GRAND CONSTITUTIONS. 

A STATUTE FOR THE ERECTION OF A SANCTUARY, AND THE 
CREATION OF A CHARITY FUND. 

i. Resolved, That the Supreme Council ought to build 
for itself and its Order, the Ancient and Accepted Scot- 
tish Rite, a Sanctuary in the City of Washington, District 
of Columbia, as soon as it can be done upon the cash prin- 
ciple, and after all its debts are fully paid off and dis- 
charged. 

2. Resolved, That the proceeds of the sales of the books 
of the Supreme Council be devoted, after the debts are 
paid, to the purchase of a suitable site and the erection of a 
suitable building, for the purposes aforesaid, in the City of 
Washington, D. C 

3. Resolved, That in order to raise funds for this purpose, 
the committee hereinafter named be authorized, in addition 
to the proceeds of the books, to issue stock, in shares of 
moderate amount, receivable for all dues to the Supreme 
Council ; and also to invite donations to the same object 
from the Brethren and others interested in the Rite. 

4. Resolved, That as soon as the sum of $20,000 shall have 
accumulated in the hands of said committee, the same or 
so much thereof as may be necessary, shall be devoted to 
the purchase of a suitable site, in the City of Washington, 
for said Sanctuary. 

5. Resolved, That while the Supreme Council would not 
•encourage extravagance in any of its fcxms, still a proper 
xegard to the best architectural taste should be paid by 



STATUTES AND REGULATIONS. 429 

such committee, and a building erected worthy of the 
Mother-Council of the world, unto which her daughters 
throughout the earth could be welcomed without mortifi- 
cation, and to which she could point with a just pride, as 
becoming the highest Rite known among Masons, and 
which must ever remain without a peer. 

6. Resolved, That when the committee shall be ready to 
enter upon the building herein contemplated, and before 
committing the Supreme Council to a contract, the plan 
of the building and its cost shall be reported to the Su- 
preme Council for its approval. 

7. Resolved, That said committee, after accumulating a 
sufficient fund for the Sanctuary as aforesaid, shall, from 
the same sources, to wit : the sale of the books and from 
donations, as well as from the revenues of the Supreme 
Council, husband a Charity Fund, investing and compound- 
ing, till the same shall amount to $100,000, when the annual 
interest may be appropriated to aid the widows and or- 
phans of members of the Rite ; and should there, at the end 
of each year, be an overplus of interest, the same shall be 
added to the principal, the principal to be forever sacred 
as a Charity Fund. 

8. Resolved, That in purchasing real estate in the Dis- 
trict of Columbia, the committee hereinafter appointed 
should look carefully into our right, under the charter of 
incorporation from the State of South Carolina, to hold 
real estate in the District, and if there be any doubt upon 
the subject, said committee is hereby instructed to apply to 
Congress for an act incorporating Trustees to hold the 
same for the Supreme Council, and also to manage the 
Charity Fund aforesaid. 

9. Resolved, That 111/. Bros.*. Albert Pike, Thomas A. 
Cunningham and John R. McDaniel be a permanent com- 
mittee to carry into effect the two schemes of a Sanctuary 
and a Charity Fund, as herein provided. 



DECISIONS 



MADE AND CONFIRMED BY 



THE SUPREME COUNCIL 



DECISIONS 

MADE OR AFFIRMED BY THE SUPREME COUNCIL, AND HAV- 
ING FORCE OF LAW IN THE SOUTHERN JURISDICTION 
OF THE UNITED STATES. 




T can only be required that an applicant for the De- 
grees of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite 
should be a Master Mason in good standing ; it is 
not required that he be a Knight Templar of the 
American or any other Rite, or a Royal Arch Mason ; and no 
one, not even the Sow. Grand Commander, hath any power 
to require this in any case, or in that respect to superadd any- 
thing whatever to the Statutes and Customs of the Order. 
No Lodge of Perfection or other body of the Rite can 
require an applicant to be more than a Master Mason in 
good standing, as a pre-requisite to obtaining the degrees ; 
and no individual Brother can of right make it an objection 
to any applicant that he has not, in addition to the Master's 
degree, others which are not recognized or required by 
the Supreme Council or by the Statutes and Customs of 
the Order. And any Regulations anywhere adopted, con- 
trary hereto, are null and void. 

2. When an active member of a Grand Consistory re- 
ceives the Honorary Degree of Inspector-General, 33d, he 
is not released thereby from the ordinary obligations of 
active membership, and does not become a member of the 
Grand Consistory by virtue of his degree ; and he still 
continues liable to the payment of dues to that body, 
though Emeriti members do not. 

3. The 33d Degree, Honorary, entitles the recipient to 

(433) 



434 DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL. 

certain honours, and to take the gavel in any body of the 
Rite below the 33d degree, when the presiding officer is 
not of that degree, and no active member of the Supreme 
Council is present. 

4. Investiture with the Honorary Degree of Inspector- 
General, 33d, does not invest the party receiving it with 
any administrative or executive power. It qualifies him to 
be specially deputized to confer degrees and establish 
bodies ; but it does not invest him with the power to do 
either, at home or abroad. Merely as an Honorary 33d, a 
person has no powers whatever. 

5. None of the degrees of the Ancient and Accepted 
Rite can be conferred, in this Jurisdiction, upon Masons 
resident in another Jurisdiction, without the express writ- 
ten official consent of the officer or body in that Jurisdic- 
tion authorized to confer the same on the same party. 
Courtesy and comity between the governing powers of the 
Rite forbid one to impose Knights and Princes of its own 
making upon the other. The Supreme Council of England 
and Wales has Canada within its Jurisdiction. 

6. When a Lodge of Perfection exists in a State in which 
there is no Grand Consistory, the Inspector-General resi- 
dent is not required to have the consent of such Lodge to 
warrant his creating another in the same city or town. 

7. Neither the Grand Commander-in-Chief of a Grand 
Consistory, nor an Inspector-General, Active Member of 
the Supreme Council, can grant a dispensation to allow an 
election for officers of a body to be held at a day earlier 
than that fixed by the Statutes. When that day has passed 
without an election, the Gr.\ Commander-in-Chief may 
grant a dispensation to hold it at a subsequent day ; and, in 
a State wherein is no Grand Consistory, the Active Mem- 
ber resident, or Special Deputy, may do the same. 

8. A Grand Consistory, in selecting new or additional 
Active Members, should take them in the order of their age 



DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL. 435 

as Princes of the Royal Secret ; and cannot, arbitrarily, put 
aside one who thus has precedence ; but if one be too old 
for active duty, or live at such a distance as to -be unable 
to attend the meetings, or be indifferent to the Rite and 
neglectful of his duties, or be known to be otherwise unfit, 
it may pass him by and reject him. 

9. A Grand Consistory has the same power as the Su- 
preme Council, to provide for placing a non-attending Ac- 
tive Member on the roll of Adjunct or merely Honorary 
Members ; and also for Emeritus Membership. This power 
is necessary to self-preservation, and is therefore necessarily 
inherent in every such body. 

10. All appeals from subordinate bodies lie direct to the 
Tribunal of the 31st Degree, where such a body exists. 
There is no appeal from a Lodge of Perfection to a Council 
of Princes of Jerusalem, the latter not having, with us, its 
ancient powers of supervision and control over such 
Lodges. 

11. Particular Consistories have no powers of control 
over bodies below them, and cannot charter such bodies ; 
and these do not make returns to or through a particular 
Consistory, to the Grand Consistory or the Supreme Coun- 
cil. 

12. A Special Deputy of the Supreme Council, for a 
State, has within it all the powers of an Active Member of 
the Supreme Council, except that he cannot confer degrees 
by way of Honoraria. A body of the Rite in another State 
cannot confer degrees on residents of his State, without his 
consent ; nor can a Special Deputy elsewhere do it ; nor 
should an Active Member, though by abuse of power he 
may. But an Active Member, entering the State, super- 
sedes him for the time, so far as he may please to execute 
his powers. 

13. An Inspector-General or other Mason of the Rite, 
being of the obedience of the Supreme Council for the 



436 DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL. 

Northern Jurisdiction, and claiming that his Masonic al- 
legiance is due to that body, is ineligible to hold and exer- 
cise the office of Commander of a Council of Kadosh in this 
Jurisdiction. 

14. An Honorary Sov.\ Gr.\ Inspector-General, remov- 
ing, to another State, becomes, by virtue of his grade, a 
Member of the Grand Consistory of that State, if there be 
one, and occupies the same position, and has the same 
rights and prerogatives, in all respects, as if originally 
elected from such State : but he must apply for and be 
elected to membership in the bodies subordinate to the 
Grand Consistory, as he is not entitled to the rights and 
privileges of membership in the same. 

15. An Inspector-General, Active Member of the Su- 
preme Council, removing from the State wherein he was 
appointed, into another State, is entitled to exercise all the 
prerogatives of an Active Inspector-General in the State 
into which he has removed. 

16. A Grand Consistory cannot establish a particular 
Consistory, without the special authorization of the Su- 
preme Council ; and it cannot charter one ; but the Letters 
of Constitution must emanate from the Supreme Council. 

17. Every Active Member of the Supreme Council is, 
when present, a member of any body of the Rite whatever ; 
and in forming a Grand Consistory, if the Active Member 
for the State is present, with eight Princes of the Royal 
Secret, the indispensable number required for constituting 
and opening it, are present. 

18. If the number of Members of a Grand Consistory is 
reduced below nine, the Active Member for the State may 
create new Princes of the Royal Secret, each of whom, 
when invested with the 32d degree, will become ipso facto 
a Member of the Grand Consistory ; and as soon as there 
are nine Members, in all, the Grand Consistory may resume 
its labors. 



DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL. 437 

19. The indispensable number of Members for a Particu- 
lar Consistory is nine, and the Officers are the same as those 
of the Grand Consistory, the word " Grand" being omitted 
in their titles. 

20. The action of an Inspector-General, Active Member, 
is subject to be reviewed by the Sov.\ Gr.\ Commander, 
when he is invoked to interfere, by a body or individual 
complaining of it as erroneous, or infringing on their rights. 

21. There is no law of the Ancient and Accepted Rite 
that forbids membership in more than one -body of the 
same degree, in the same State or in different States. 

22. A Bro.\ who receives the 14th degree in a Chapter 
of Rose Croix in one State, and removes to another, may 
there receive the remaining degrees. He was a Grand 
Elect, Perfect Mason at large, and could attach himself to 
a Lodge of Perfection any where. 

23. The Grand Commander-in-Chief of a Grand Con- 
sistory is but the presiding officer of that body, except so 
far as it may invest him with power to act for it during its 
recesses, and he does not possess, nor can it confer upon 
him, the power to confer any of the degrees of the Ancient 
and Accepted Scottish Rite, that power being confined to 
Inspectors General, Active Members of the Supreme Coun- 
cil, Deputies of these or of the Supreme Council, and or- 
ganized bodies of the Rite. 

24. The Grand Consistory may empower the Grand 
Commander-in-Chief to congregate the requisite number 
of brethren already in possession of the necessary degrees, 
into any body of the Rite, of the 14th, 16th, 18th, or 30th 
degree, and to grant such a body a warrant, to be after- 
wards submitted to the Grand Consistory for confirmation 
and continuance. 

25. An Inspector General, Active Member of the Supreme 
Council, or a Deputy of the Supreme Council, in a State 
where there is a Grand Consistory, retains undiminished 

28 



43§ DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL. 

his power to confer any and all of the degrees of the Rite, 
from the 4th to the 32d, on such persons as he may select, 
and to establish any of the said subordinate bodies, grant- 
ing- Letters-Patent, which must be submitted to the Grand 
Consistory for confirmation, — the fees for the degrees be- 
longing to the Supreme Council, and those for Letters-Pa- 
tent to the Grand Consistory ; from which, also, those 
receiving degrees from an Inspector General or Deputy, 
must, upon his certificate, obtain their Diplomas, Briefs or 
Patents, and to it pay the fees therefor. And a Grand Con- 
sistory can confer no degrees except the 31st and 32d ; all 
below these being conferrable only by the proper Body, or 
by an Inspector General, or Deputy Inspector General as 
aforesaid ; so that Councils of Knights Kadosh are indispens- 
able bodies in this jurisdiction. 

26. The Resident Sow. Grand Inspector General has the 
right to inspect the work done by the Grand Consistory, 
and to require it to correct anything in which it may have 
violated the Statutes of the Supreme Council, or the Gene- 
ral Regulations and fundamental principles of the Order ; 
and in an extreme case, where such a remedy alone will 
avail, he can suspend its proceedings ; from which action 
an appeal can be taken to the Sovereign Grand Commander 
and Council of Administration. 

27. His powers, as Inspector General, are, before action 
by the Grand Consistory, advisory, and after its action su- 
pervisory. 

28. He has the right to attend any meeting of the Grand 
Consistory, and when present to preside ; and the Grand 
Commander-in-Chief must on all such occasions, offer him 
the mallet. But when he presides, he does not do so as 
Inspector General, but as Grand Commander-in-Chief for 
the time, with the powers of Grand Commander-in-Chief, 
.and no others. 

29. He has thus the right to decide questions of order 



DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL. 439 

and other questions that may arise, and from his decision 
upon any such question, any member may take an appeal 
to the body itself, upon which the question will be whether 
the decision of the presiding officer shall stand as the de- 
cision of the Grand Consistory ; upon that question the 
vote of the majority may reverse the decision. 

30. If the act done in consequence is invalid, as contrary 
to the Statutes or General Regulations, or for other suf- 
ficient reason, the Inspector General may refuse to sanction 
it, require it to be undone or recalled, and upon refusal, 
may refer the matter to the Sovereign Grand Commander 
or Council of Administration ; and if it should be indis- 
pensable in order to prevent mischief or injury, may sus- 
pend the labors of the body until final decision. 

31. But to do this he should retire from the East, and, 
outside of the Grand Consistory, reassume and exercise his 
powers as Inspector General, it being his duty to treat so 
distinguished a body with the highest courtesy and con- 
sideration. 

32. As to the Statutes of the Grand Consistory itself, the 
interpretation and explanation of them by the body must 
be final, unless their meaning should be in question in some 
case coming regularly up to the Supreme Council on ap- 
peal. In respect to them, even the Sovereign Grand Com- 
mander cannot control the Grand Consistory ; and, it may 
be added, if the Sovereign Grand Commander presides in 
the Grand Consistory, he also has no other powers while so 
presiding than those of the Grand Commander-in-Chief, for 
the time being, and an appeal to the body will lie from his 
decision of a question. 

33. By the general law of the Rite, when a vacancy oc- 
curs in any one of the first three offices of a body answer- 
ing to those of Master and Senior and Junior Warden, if it 
be the first office that is vacated, the second officer succeeds 
for the unfinished term, and the third officer to the second 



440 DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL. 

office. If it should be in the third office, the body should, 
at such time as it may suit, fill it by election. 

34. It is certainly competent for a Grand Consistory, in 
adopting- Statutes, to make a different rule. But such a 
Statute, passed when an office is not vacant, cannot so take 
effect as to deprive the next in office to the incumbent of 
the right to succeed him, in case of vacancy before the ex- 
piration of the term. The right of succession cannot be 
taken away, and the Statute has no application during the 
term. 

35. When there is a vacancy in any office in the Grand 
Consistory, which no one takes by succession, it may pro- 
ceed, at any regular meeting, and on notice to all the mem- 
bers, to hold an election to fill the vacancy. 

36. A Blue Lodge is a work-shop, and the Master is, 
theoretically at least, the master and director of the Craft, 
who were, originally, all of them, only Fellow-Crafts. 
They were not his Fellows. 

There is no such theory in regard to a Grand Consistory. 
The Members are all Principes, all Chiefs of Masonry. The 
Commander-in-Chief is but the Presiding Officer, chosen 
by his Peers, and with no powers except as Presiding Of- 
ficer. It is a legislative and deliberative body ; and it 
would be intolerable if the members had continually to ap- 
peal, to the Supreme Council, which sits but once in two 
years, or to the Sovereign Grand Commander, or to the 
Council of Administration, from rulings and decisions on 
points of order. 

Moreover, the Grand Consistory, not its Commander-in- 
Chief, is the Deputy of the Supreme Council, and acts for 
it, and in its place, within the sphere of its local jurisdiction. 
It is not, in the strict meaning of the term, a Subordinate 
Body, because in many respects it is supreme and sove- 
reign. The Supreme Council has laid down few rules in 
regard to the Grand Consistories, and hardly any as to 



DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL. 441 

the mode of their procedure, and their management of the 
State affairs. 

The dignity of such a body will not permit us to apply 
to it the rules that govern a Lodge. It is the Grand Priory 
of the State ; and it is very doubtful whether its own con- 
struction of its own Laws, except in cases of alleged con- 
flict with the Statutes of the Supreme Council, is not final. 

37. The Inspector General, Active Member of the Su- 
preme Council, has the power and right, in a State in which 
there is a Grand Consistory, to grant Dispensations (7. e., 
Letters of Constitution subject to confirmation), and estab- 
lish Bodies of the Ancient and Accepted Rite ; because, by 
the Statutes and under the Grand Constitutions, he has, 
and can not be deprived of, the powers, in regard to that 
Rite, which a Grand Master of Masons has, in regard to 
the Symbolic Degrees. In doing so, he will act for the 
Grand Consistory ; to which his Letters will be returned 
for Letters confirmatory. The Grand Commander-in-Chief 
has the same power. The meaning of the Statute giving 
the Grand Consistories exclusive power to grant Letters 
of Constitution, applies to the final Letters Confirmatory ; 
because, in the vacations of the Grand Consistory, some of- 
ficer must have power to grant the Provisional Letters. 

The instant a body is established by the Inspector Gene- 
ral, in a State where there is a Grand Consistory, it be- 
comes of the obedience of the Grand Consistory, subject to 
its jurisdiction, and governed by all its laws. Such is the 
express letter of the Statutes. 

38. A visitor cannot be permitted to remain in a Lodge 
or other body of the Rite, against the will of a member, thus 
compelling the latter to retire. But if the visitor is already 
present, the Lodge has a right to require that the objecting 
Brother shall so far state his reason as to make known to 
it whether his objection is one that goes to the character 
of the visitor, so as to make him, if it be true, unworthy to 



442 DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL. 

sit in the Lodge ; because it has a right to refuse to com- 
mit the indignity of expelling a visitor from its bosom, if the 
reason of objection be merely personal ill-will or dislike. 

39. When a Lodge of Perfection is opened, all the Lodges 
below it are opened in its bosom, and it may pass from 
work in one degree to work in another, without other form 
than the declaration that it does so. 

40. A Lodge of Perfection may be opened in any degree 
from 4 to 14, using the opening ceremony of such degree, 
and it may transact its ordinary business in any degree the 
members may please, without opening at all in the 14th 
degree, unless the business be such as can only be properly 
done in that degree. 

41. Every Mason of the Ancient and Accepted Rite, be- 
longing to a Lodge of Perfection, even if only Secret Mas- 
ter, has a right to vote on the application of any one who 
asks initiation ; and if in such case there be a member present 
of any degree below the 14th, the vote must be first taken in 
a Lodge of such lower degree, upon admitting the appli- 
cant to receive the degree or degrees possessed by such 
brother who has not attained the 14th ; after which, the 
ballot will be had in the 14th degree, for the degrees above 
those that are possessed by such brother. 

42. When one is balloted for, upon application to receive 
the degrees given in any body of the Rite, all who are 
present, whether members of the body or not, have a right 
to vote ; because those not of the body are to become 
bound to the candidate, if he receives the degrees, by the 
same obligations and to the same extent, as members of 
the body. But none except the members can ballot on an 
application for affiliation. That is part of the affairs of the 
family, not concerning those not members of it. 

43. In the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, the word 
" Dispensation " is not used as applying to Warrants of 
Constitution of bodies, granted by an Inspector General or 



DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL. 443 

Deputy Inspector General. Such warrants are Charters 
or Letters-Patent of Constitution, although required to be 
continued and perpetuated by Letters-Patent in ample 
form, under the Great Seal. There are no Lodges under 
dispensation, in the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, 
nor " bodies of Masons working after the manner of a 
Lodge." 

44. There is no such rule in the Ancient and Accepted 
Scottish Rite, as that a presiding officer or any officer of a 
body cannot resign. We do not desire unwilling or reluc- 
tant service. 

45. In any body of the said Rite, there may be an appeal 
taken from a decision of the presiding officer, to the body 
itself. This was not so, anciently, in a Blue Lodge, be- 
cause, it being composed of Apprentices and Fellows, and 
the Master being their superior in rank and degree, his de- 
cision was final. The reason of the rule ceasing, the rule 
itself ceases, as where all are Master Masons, or Grand 
Elect, Perfect and Sublime Masons, or Knights Rose Croix. 

46. Where there are more than one Inspector General, 
Active Members of the Supreme Council, in a State, one 
cannot confer degrees on any person or persons, without 
submitting his or their names to his colleague or colleagues, 
that he or they may have opportunity to object ; and upon 
such objection the degrees cannot be given. But if one 
proposes to give the degree to a person as an Honorarium, 
he need not mention that, but only that he proposes to 
confer the degrees. If there be no objection interposed to 
the candidate, the right of the Inspector General who is to 
give the degrees, to do so by way of Honorarium, is an in- 
dividual right, which no other Inspector General can con- 
trol. 

47. When a Grand Consistory and its subordinate bodies 
request an Inspector-General to give the degrees as an 
Honorarium, he need not submit the names to another In- 



444 DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL. 

spector-General of the same State. In that case the Can- 
didate has been elected, and the Inspector-General confers 
the degrees for the bodies. 

But, in every case of such request, the candidate should 
be elected in each body, and evidence of that election be 
furnished the Inspector-General who is requested to give 
the degrees. 

48. Suspension or expulsion, from the privileges of Ma- 
sonry, by sentence of a Symbolic Lodge to which the party 
belonged when sentenced, where there was a trial and op- 
portunity to be heard, and the proceedings were not null 
and void for want of jurisdiction or of notice or otherwise, 
is conclusive in every other Masonic body, even in the Su- 
preme Council, and the facts cannot be re-examined there, 
nor any where, collaterally, or otherwise than on appeal. 
Upon evidence of the sentence being produced, even in the 
Supreme Council, the party convicted occupies the same 
attitude there, as if he had been convicted by such Body 
itself. The effect of conviction by a Criminal Tribunal of 
Justice is the same. 

For every judgment of a Body or Tribunal having com- 
petent jurisdiction is conclusive every where, (if the party 
had notice of the proceeding,) except upon appeal. Every 
citizen has submitted himself to this consequence, in regard 
to the Civil and Criminal Tribunals ; and every Mason has 
agreed that each Masonic Body to which he belongs shall 
have power and jurisdiction to try him, and, if it find him 
guilty, to punish him. From the judgment of a Blue 
Lodge, under the jurisdiction of a Grand Lodge, there is 
an appeal to the Grand Lodge, and every Mason of that 
jurisdiction has agreed, by becoming a Mason, that a judg- 
ment rendered against him by his Lodge shall be impeach- 
able only by such appeal, and cannot be collaterally im- 
peached, except for want of jurisdiction, either of the sub- 
ject-matter, or of the person for want of notice. He can- 



DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL. 445 

not in any other Body repudiate that agreement and con- 
tend that the judgment is not final. 

There is a further and even more conclusive reason why 
a suspension or expulsion by a Blue Lodge must be given 
effect to in a higher Body, whether of one or the other 
Rite. No Mason can be made a Royal Arch or Templar, 
or receive the degrees of the Scottish Rite above the third, 
unless he be a Master Mason in good standing. Nor can 
he continue to be accepted as in good standing in the Chap- 
ter, Encampment or Body of the Scottish Rite, a moment 
after he has ceased to be a Master Mason in good standing. 
The Blue degrees are the foundation of all the superstruc- 
ture of the other degrees ; and a suspended or expelled 
Blue Mason cannot be communicated with by a Master 
Mason in any other Masonic Body whatever. The obliga- 
tion of a Master Mason forbids that, and it is strongly for- 
bidden by the reason of things. 

But suspension or expulsion by a Body outside of the 
Scottish Rite for non-payment of dues, merely, without 
trial upon charges for disobeying a sign or summons, or 
other unmasonic conduct in refusing or failing to bear his 
part of the common charges, is only suspension or expul- 
sion from the privileges of membership in the Body, and 
not from the Order, or the benefits of Masonry. Such a 
suspension or expulsion will, therefore, not have any effect 
upon the party's standing in the Scottish Rite. Failure or 
refusal to pay dues may be a Masonic offence, when it is 
disobedience, or refusal to obey the summons. Such con- 
tumacy is an offence, and may be punished as such. But 
to make it such, the party must be able to pay, and his 
ability to pay must be charged and proven. Otherwise, a 
misfortune might be punished as a crime. There must be 
contumacy and dereliction of duty. This must be charged, 
the party be notified of the charges, and be summoned to 
appear and answer, and there must be a regular trial and 



446 DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL. 

conviction. Upon that he may be deprived of the benefits 
of Masonry, for un worthiness, and cease to be in good 
standing. Without these proceedings he does not lose, 
temporarily by suspension, or permanently by expulsion, 
his character of a Mason in good standing. 

49. A Mason of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite 
is not required to be or to continue to be a member of a 
Masters' Lodge. 

50. A Mason who has attained the Rose Croix degree is 
never .tiled, i. e., examined, when applying to visit a body. 
His brief of that or patent of a higher degree, and his sig- 
nature, are conclusive as to his right. One may be admit- 
ted without such brief or patent, on being sufficiently 
vouched for. But the voucher must know him to be in 
possession of the necessary degrees, regularly received, 
and in good standing ; and it is not a sufficient vouching 
that he has sitten with him in such a body. 

51. Printed transactions and printed registers of Masonic 
bodies are sufficient evidence of membership, when the 
identity of the party is proven. 

52. When a candidate is advancing in any Body of the 
Rite, it is not required that the degrees which are permit- 
ted to be communicated should be so in open Lodge, or 
with the full number present, necessary to constitute a 
Lodge ; but they may even be communicated by the pre- 
siding officer alone. 

53. The Presiding officer of a body, when regularly in- 
stalled, may install any elective or appointed officer who 
was not present at the regular installation. 

54. No officer of an} 7 Body can be installed by proxy. 

55. When a person is proposed for initiation, and the ap- 
plication is referred to a committee, it is the duty of the com- 
mittee to inquire diligently into the character and ante- 
cedents of the aspirant, and to report thereon in detail. 
Simply to report favorably is not sufficient. 



DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL. 447 

56. If the report be unfavorable, the candidate is rejected 
thereby, without a ballot, and there can be none. 

57. The secrecy of the ballot is for the protection of those 
voting in the negative, and any one doing so is at liberty 
to waive that protection and to declare that he voted in 
the negative; and if the requisite number to reject choose 
to declare openly in advance that they do not consent to 
the reception, a ballot is unnecessary. The old rule simply 
required the unanimous consent of the Brethren ; and 
when that consent is openly refused, admission is impos- 
sible. 

58. If a negative vote appears on a ballot, a Brother can- 
not be allowed to state, at a subsequent meeting, or after 
any other Brother has withdrawn, that he cast the negative 
vote, and the candidate be thereon declared elected, or the 
vote be reconsidered. 

59. No Brother is at liberty to say that he voted in the 
affirmative. If one could do so, all could, who so voted, 
and thus it would become known who cast the negative 
vote. 

60. A Brother has the unqualified right to demit from 
any Body of the Rite of which he is a member. This de- 
mission severs his connection with the Body. The certifi- 
cate of demission is but the after-evidence of the fact ; if he 
have not paid his dues, the certificate may be refused until 
he shall have done so. So it may be if he be otherwise un- 
worthy to belong to another Body of the same degree. 
And if he be under charges, the jurisdiction of the Body, 
having thus attached, will not be ousted by his demission. 

61. There is no rule in the Ancient and Accepted Scot- 
tish Rite, that prevents a Bro.\ from belonging to two or 
more Bodies of the same degree at once; and when he re- 
moves from one State to another, he may unite himself to 
Bodies in the latter, without demission from those in the 
former, upon sufficient evidence that he is in good stand- 



448 DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL. 

ing there. The certificate of the Secretary or Keeper of 
the Records of the Body to which he belonged there is 
sufficient evidence. 

62. If one who has received part only of the degrees of 
the Lodge of Perfection, or of any other Body, removes 
into another State, he may receive the residue of the de- 
grees there, on evidence of his good standing being pro- 
duced ; and the permission of the Body which gave him the 
degrees there is not necessary. 

63. When a Brother present and entitled to vote, in any 
body of the Rite, upon secret ballot taken on an appli- 
cation for initiation or affiliation, does not vote, he is deemed 
to have given his consent, and his non-action is equivalent 
to an affirmative vote. 

64. Consequently, no member of the body can decline to 
vote or be excused from voting. He cannot be allowed 
thus to make it known that he does not deposit a negative 
vote. 

65. No motion to postpone a ballot to another meeting 
can be entertained, after the ballot has commenced, by the 
deposit of even one vote. And the Presiding Officer 
cannot, on a private suggestion or request, either direct a 
postponement of the ballot, or propose it ; and still less 
stop the balloting, to propose it. 



STATUTES AND RESOLUTIONS 

ADOPTED BY THE 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

Promulgated July 30, 1872. 



STATUTES. 



article xxix. § 7, 8 and 9. 

§ 7. No Councils of Princes of Jerusalem shall hereafter 
be created ; but every Chapter of Rose Croix hereafter 
established shall include in its bosom a Council of Princes 
of Jerusalem, which shall be a chamber thereof, and which 
shall not be separately chartered, nor separate dues paid 
by its members, nor by the Chapter for them to the Supreme 
Council ; and the officers of the Chapter shall fill each the 
same place in the Council of Princes as in the Chapter; 
the additional officers of the Council being elected by the 
Knights of the Chapter, for the same term as the other 
officers. 

§ 8. Any Chapter of Rose Croix already existing, may 
have in its bosom a Council of Princes of Jerusalem, upon 
vote to that effect by a majority of its members, in all res- 
pects as if it were hereafter constituted : and shall need no 
new or additional Letters of Constitution. 

§ 9. Any Council of Princes of Jerusalem now existing, 
may, by vote of a majority of its members, become a cham- 
ber of a Chapter of Rose Croix, existing or newly estab- 
lished in the same place ; its officers, except those addi- 
tional to the officers of the Chapter, thereupon vacating 

(449) 



450 STATUTES AND RESOLUTIONS. 

their places ; and its Letters of Constitution being deposited 
in the archives of the Chapter. 

ARTICLE XVIII. 

§ 15. In every State where there is a Grand Consistory 
in existence, it is permitted to that body to excuse its sub- 
ordinates from the payment of dues to itself, from brethren 
who have attained the Thirty-Second Degree. 



RESOLUTIONS. 



1. The Council of Administration recommends to each 
Grand and Particular Consistory, and to every Sow. Gr.\ 
Inspector-General or Deputy conferring the degree of 
Prince of the Royal Secret, that there be added to the fee 
for that degree the sum of five dollars, where the party is 
not already in possession of the Morals and Dogm.. of the 
Rite, for which there be handed to him a copy of that work : 
and it also advises that there be bound, of the next edition, 
in cloth, a sufficient number of copies in four parts each, 
one for each of the bodies of the Rite, to wit, Lodge of Per- 
fection, Chapter of Rose Croix, Council of Kadosh, and 
Consistory (the Chapter of Rose Croix including the 15th 
and 16th Degrees); and that every person thereafter re- 
ceiving the last degree in each such body be furnished 
with the portion of the Morals and Dogma belonging to 
the same, and be taxed, in addition to the fee, with the 
price set upon the same : and that thereafter no one ad- 
vance who does not prove himself to have become familiar 
by study with the portion of the Morals and Dogma so 
furnished him. 

2. The Council of Administration also recommends, that 
no body of the Rite hereafter created be permitted to com- 
mence its labors until it has furnished itself with at least 



STATUTES AND RESOLUTIONS. 45 I 

three copies of the Ritual of the Degrees to be worked by 
it ; with the Secret Work of the same, and with three 
copies of the part of the Liturgy of the same, if such part 
has been published : that every body of the Rite be re- 
quired to own at least one copy of the Morals and Dogma : 
that each Grand Consistory furnish itself with three copies 
of all the Rituals of the Degrees, and a complete copy of 
the Secret Work of all ; and with three copies of the Fune- 
ral Ceremony and Offices of the Lodge of Sorrow, and 
three copies of the Liturgy complete : and that every other 
body of the Rite furnish itself with three copies of the 
Funeral Ceremonies and Offices of the Lodge of Sorrow. 




m> 



CLOTHING AND ARMS 



THE SEVERAL DEGREES. 

Princes of the Royal Secret and Inspectors-General wear 
the tunic, pantaloons, boots and spurs of a Kadosh. 

The hat of each is the same as that of the Kadosh. On 
it the Kadosh wear a red ostrich feather ; 32ds a red and a 
black feather, and 33ds a red, a black and a white one. 

The cloak of the Kadosh is of black silk velvet, lined 
with crimson silk, a band of crimson velvet round the edge, 
with a hood, and the collarette of lace. That of the 32ds is 
the same. That of the 33ds is of crimson silk velvet, edged 
with gold and black velvet, and lined with white silk. The 
cross on the tunic, over the left breast, is, of the Kadosh and 
32ds, red ; and of the 33ds, white. 

The gloves of the Kadosh are of black kid, of 32ds and 
33ds, of white kid. 

Thirty-seconds wear the cordon of the degree, instead 
of that of the Kadosh, and the black girdle, with silver 
fringe, and may wear the apron of the degree. 

Thirty-thirds wear also the girdle of the degree, and a 
military sash of black silk, fringed on one edge with gold, 
as a cordon, from the right shoulder to the left hip. 

33D Sword. 

Blade — rapier, straight and double-edged. Length of 
blade, thirty-one inches, width near the hilt, f of an inch. 

Hilt — yellow metal, slightly oval; on the end, a crown; 
at the lower end a transverse, forming a cross, with lion's 
head at each end. Length of hilt, six inches. Length of 
transverse four inches. 

(45*) 



CLOTHING AND ARMS. 453 

Scabbard — leather, covered with violet-colored velvet. 
Bands and ferule of yellow metal. On the upper band, the 
name of the owner and his rank; and on the other side of 
the hilt a shield, on which the numerals xxxiii. 

Belt — violet-colored leather, with gilt figuring along each 
edge. Width, 3! inches. 

Buckle-plate — gold plated ; 4 inches in length, from top to 
bottom ; width, 3 inches. Enamelled on it, a red Passion 
Cross ; length of cross, $\ inches ; length of transverse bar, 
2\ inches. 

32D Sword. 

Blade — same as that of 33d. 

Hilt — same, with helmet on upper end, instead of crown ; 
and numerals xxxii. on shield, instead of xxxiii. 

Scabbard — gold-plated. 

Belt — white patent leather. Width, 3 inches. 

Buckle-plate — same as 33d ; length, from top to bottom, 
3 inches. Width, 2\ inches ; cross reduced in proportion. 

The sword of each degree is suspended by means of a 
button on the scabbard, from a flap through which the belt 
passes. This is of the same material and color as the belt. 

Kadosh Sword. 

Blade — broad and double-edged. Width, an inch or 
more ; length, 40 inches. 

Hilt — same as that of 32d, but with acorns at end of 
transverse ; and the numerals xxx. 

Scabbard— black leather, with yellow metal mountings. 

Belt — black patent leather. Width, 3 inches. 

Buckle-plate — same as 3 2d. 

Rose Croix Sword. 

Blade — rapier, -f of an inch broad. Length, 33 inches. 
29 



454 CLOTHING AND ARMS. 

Hilt — same as Kadosh, but numerals xviii. 
Scabbard — crimson leather ; gilt mountings. 
Belt — crimson leather. Width, 3 inches. 
Buckle-plate — same as 3 2d. 

Sword of Prince of Jerusalem. 

Blade — rapier, f of an inch broad. Length, 33 inches. 
Hilt — same as Kadosh, but numerals xvi. 
Scabbard — green leather, gilt mountings. 
Belt— green morocco. Width, 3 inches. 
Buckle-plate — same as 32d, except the cross, instead of 
which an eagle. 

Sword of Gr.\ Elect, Perf.-. and Sub.-. Mason. 

Blade — same as that of Prince of Jerusalem. 

Hilt — same as that of Prince of Jerusalem, but numerals 
xiv. 

Scabbard — maroon-colored leather, gilt mountings. 

Belt — maroon-colored leather. Width, 3 inches. 

Buckle-plate — same as that of Prince of Jerusalem, except 
the eagle, instead of which a cube, with pyramid above it. 

Active and Emeriti members of the Supreme Council 
wear the white velvet collar. Hon.*. 33ds the broad scarf 
or cordon, of white watered silk, from right shoulder to left 
hip. 

10 £nnt5> A.-. M.\ 5632. 



REGULATIONS 

PRESCRIBING THE MODE OF WEARING THE GRAND DECORA- 
TIONS OF THE 33D DEGREE, IN THE SOUTHERN JURIS- 
DICTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Those entitled to wear the Grand Decorations of the 33d 
degree, will be divided into four classes, and will wear the 
same as follows : 

Fourth Class : — The Jewel is as described in the Ap- 
pendix to the Grand Constitutions of 1786, being of gold 
and enamelled, one inch and a-half in diameter, worn sus- 
pended at a button hole, on the left side, by a white rib- 
bon, one inch and a quarter in width. 

Worn by all Honorary Sovereign Grand Inspectors- 
General of the 33d degree, whether Honorary Members of 
the Supreme Council, or its Deputies, or at large. 

Third Class : — The Jewel, as of the Fourth Class, but 
one inch and three quarters in diameter, worn swung on 
the left breast, with gold slide and buckle, by a white rib- 
bon edged with violet, and one inch and a-half in width. 

Worn by all Active Members of the Supreme Council, 
not of the Second Class, and by all Emeriti Members, not 
of the same. 

Second Class : — The Jewel, as of the Third Class, worn 
suspended on the bosom, just below the neck, by a violet 
ribbon edged with white, and two inches and a-half in 
width. 

Worn by the Secretary-General, Grand Prior, Grand 
Chancellor, Treasurer-General, Grand Minister of State, 
Grand Auditor and Grand Almoner, and such Active and 
Emeriti Members as have held either of those offices ; also, 

(455) 



456 REGULATIONS. 

by all Active and Emeriti Members that have been 33ds for 
twenty years, and by Special Representatives of the Su- 
preme Council in foreign countries. 

First Class: — The Jewel, as of the Third Class, but 
imposed upon a rayed sun of silver, two and a-half inches 
in diameter, and worn clasped on the left breast. 

Worn by the Sovereign Grand Commander, and Lieut.*. 
Grand Commander ; by those who have held either of said 
offices ; and by eminent persons abroad, to whom the honor 
may be specially decreed by the Supreme Council. i 

The Sovereign Grand Commander in office, or after 
holding it, is alone entitled to wear the Grand Decorations 
having the sun rayed with brilliants. 

23 nntD» A.'. M.v 5626. 




TABLEAU 

OF 

DIGNITARIES, OFFICERS AND MEMBERS 

OF THE 

SUPREME COUNCIL 

FOR THE 
SOUTHERN JURISDICTION OF THE UNITED STATES, 
UPON THE TENTH DAY OF SEPT., 1872. 



DIGNITARIES. 

1. Albert Pike, resident of Washington, in the District of Co- 
lumbia. Born, December 29, 1809, at Boston, Massachusetts. Coun- 
selor-at-Law. Admitted from Arkansas in 1858. 

Sov.'. Gr'. Commander, It.'. E.'. Elected such, in 1859. 

2. John Robin McDaniel, resident of Lynchburg, Virginia. 
Born, July 9, 1807, at Lynchburg, Virginia. Capitalist. Admitted 
in 1847. 

Lieut. \-Gr and Commander, H.\ E.'. Elected in March, 1871. 

3. Albert Gallatin Mackey,* resident of Washington, in the 
District of Columbia. Born, March 12, 1807, at Charleston, South 
Carolina. Man of Letters. Admitted 'in 1844, from South Carolina. 

■ Secretary-General, If.'. E.'. Elected in 1844. 

4. Ebenezer Hamilton Shaw, resident of San Francisco, Cali- 

* The 111.*. Sec*. Gen.*, is the third officer in rank, while the office continues 
to be filled by this Brother, the Dean of the Supreme Council. 

(457) 



458 ROLL OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL. 

fornia. Born, March 20, 1828, at Middleboro, Plymouth Co., Massa- 
chusetts. Capitalist and Miner. Admitted in 1865. 

Grand Prior , If.'. E: . Elected in May, 1870, to fill vacancy 

occasioned by resignation of 111.'. Bro.\ Azariah T. C. Pierson. 

5. Henry Buist, resident of Charleston, South Carolina. Born, 
December 25, 1829, at Charleston, South Carolina. Counselor-at- 
Law. Admitted 'in 1861. Elected Treasurer-General in 1866. 

Grand Chancellor, H: . E: . Elected to fill vacancy occa- 
sioned by the promotion of 111.'. Bro.'. Benjamin Brown French, in 
May, 1870. 

6. Theodore Sutton Parvin, resident of Iowa City, Iowa. 
Born, January 15, 181 7, at Cedarville, Cumberland Co., New Jer- 
sey. Professor of Literature, and Editor. Admitted m 1859. 

Grand Minister of State, H: . E.\ Elected May 9, 1872. 

7. Frederick Webber, resident of Louisville, Kentucky. Born, 
June 1, 1827, at the City of Cork, Ireland. Mercantile Agent. 
Admitted in 1859. 

Treasurer-General, H: . E.'. Elected, May 9, 1872. 

8. Samuel Manning Todd, resident of New Orleans, Louisiana. 
Born, September 2, 181 9, at Utica, New York. Merchant. Ad- 
mitted 'in May, 1868. 

Auditor of Accounts. Appointed Chairman of Committee 

of Finance, October 25, 187 1. Elected Auditor for life, May 9, 1872. 



OFFICERS. 

9. Luke Edgar Barber, resident of Little Rock, Arkansas. 
Born, September 9, 1806, at St. Mary's Co., Maryland. President 
■of College and Counselor-at-Law. Admitted 'in 1859. 

Grand Almoner. Appointed 'in March, 1871. 

10. John Commigers Ainsworth, resident of Portland, Oregon, 
Bom, June 6, 1822, at Springsborough, Ohio. Capitalist and Mer- 
chant. Admitted m May, 1870. 

Grand Constable, or Mareschal of the Ceremonies. Appointed, 

"October 31, 1871. 

j 1. Benjamin Rush Campbell, resident of Charleston, South 



ROLL OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL. 459 

Carolina. Born, October 13, 181 7, at Laurens District, South Caro- 
lina. Counselor-at-Law. Admitted 'in 1859. 

Grand Chamberlain. Appointed, October 31, 187 1. 

12. James Cunningham Batchelor, resident of New Orleans, 
Louisiana. Born, July 10, 181 8, at Quebec, Lower Canada. Physi- 
cian. Admitted in 1859. 

First Grand Equerry. Appointed, October 31, 187 1. 

13. Martin Collins, resident of St. Louis, Missouri. Born, 
May 15, 1826, at Lancaster Co., Pennsylvania. Commissioner of 
Water-Rates. Admitted 'in May, 1868. 

Second Grand Equerry. Appointed, May 9, 1872. 

14. Thomas Augustus Cunningham, resident of Baltimore, 
Maryland. Born, March 3, 1822, at Belfast, Maine. Merchant. 
Admitted 'in 1866. 

Grand Standard-Bearer. Appointed, May 9, 1872. 

15. Philip Crosby Tucker, resident of Galveston, Texas. Born, 
February 14, 1826, at Vergennes, Vermont. Counselor-at-Law. 
Admitted in September, 1868. 

Grand Sword-Bearer. Appointed, October 31, 1871. 

16. Erasmus Theodore Carr, resident of Leavenworth, Kansas. 
Born, October 28, 1825, at Greenfield, Saratoga Co., New York. 
Merchant. Admitted in September, 1868. Sov.'. Gr.\ 

Grand Herald. Appointed, May 9, 1872. 



ACTIVE MEMBERS. 

17. Thomas Hubbard Caswell, resident of Nevada City, Cali- 
fornia. Born, August 10, 1825, at Exeter, Otsego Co., New York. 
Counselor-at-Law. Admitted 'in May, 1870. Sov.'. Gr.\ Inspector- 
General. 

18. William Letcher Mitchell, resident of Athens, Georgia. 
Born, August 25, 1805, in Henry Co., Virginia. Law Professor. 
Admitted 'in May, 1870. Sov.'. Gr.". Inspector-General. 

19. Achille Regulus Morel, resident of New Orleans, Louisi- 



460 ROLL OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL. 

ana. Born, April 9, 18 10, at Duclair, France. Commercial Agent. 
Admitted 'in May, 1870. Sow'. Gr.'. Inspector-General. 

20. John Quincy Adams Fellows, resident of New Orleans, 
Louisiana. Born, April 3, 1825, at Topsham, Orange Co., New 
York. Counselor-at-Law. Admitted in May, 1870. Sov.'. Gr.'. 
Inspector-General. 

21. Robert Toombs, resident of Washington, Georgia. Born, 
■ . Elected to receive the 33d degree and as Active Member, 



May 9, 1872. Crowned, Sept. 7, 1872. 

HONORARY OFFICERS. 

Gustav Adolf Schwarzman, resident of Baltimore, Maryland 
Born, March 17, 1815, at Stuttgart, Wurtemberg. Notary Public. 
Hon.'. Sov.". Gr.". Inspector-General. Grand Tiler. 

Thomas Cripps, resident of New Orleans, Louisiana. Born, 
July 29, 1817, at London, England. Professor of Music. Hon.". 
Sov.". Gr.". Inspector-General. Grand Organist. 

Matthew Cooke, resident of London, England. Professor of 
Music and Man of Letters. Knight Kadosh. Honorary Grand 
Organist. 

SPECIAL DEPUTIES OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL, 

SURVIVING AND IN OFFICE : 
FOR THE STATE OF LOUISIANA, UNDER THE CONCORDAT OF 1 855. 

Charles Claiborne, 330, New Orleans. 
John Lawson Lewis, 330, New Orleans. 



EMERITI MEMBERS. 

John Henry Honour, 330, of Charleston, South Carolina, Ex.'. 
Sov.". Grand Commander. Resigned in 1859. Bom, at Charleston, 
South Carolina, Dec. 20, 1802. Banker. 



ROLL OF .THE SUPREME COUNCIL. 46 1 

Claude Samory, 330, of New Orleans, Louisiana, Ex-Grand 
Almoner. Resigned in 1866, and removed to France. Born in 
France. 

George B. Waterhouse, 330, of- North Carolina. Resigned, 
and removed from the Jurisdiction. Born, January 22, 1828, at 
Webster, Worcester Co., Massachusetts. Merchant. 

Charles Laffon De Ladebat, 330, of New Orleans, Louisiana. 
Removed from the Jurisdiction, and transferred to the roll of Emer- 
iti, in May, 1870. Born in France. 

William Tracy Gould, 330, of Augusta, Georgia. Elected 
Active Member, and transferred to the roll of Emeriti, in May, 
1870. Born, October 25, 1799, at Litchfield, Connecticut. 

Robert Carrel Jordan, 33d, of Grand Island, Nebraska. 
Active Member, 1868. Resigned, May 6, 1872. Born, January 
16, 1825, at Chillicothe, Ohio. 



Deaths since May, 1870. 

James Penn, Ex-Lieut.'. Grand Commander. Born, September 
22, 1794, in Amherst Co., Virginia. Admitted and elected in 1859. 
Resigned in 1861. Resident of Columbia, Tennessee, and Banker. 

Died, near Memphis, Tennessee, July 21, 1870. 

- Benjamin Brown French, Lieutenant Grand Commander. 
Bom, September 4, 1800, at Chester, in New Hampshire. 
Admitted in 1859. Elected Grand Chancellor in May, 1866. Elected 
Lieutenant Gr.'. Commander in May, 1870, to succeed 111.'. Bro. 
William S. Rockwell, deceased. Resident of Washington City, and 
Counselor-at-law. 
Died, at Washington, August 12, 1870. 

Giles Mumford Hillyer, Grand Minister of State. Born, 
August 31, 1818, at Hartford, Connecticut. Admitted in 1859. 
Elected Gr.'. Minister of State in 1866. Resident of Vicksburg, 
Mississippi, and Counselor-at-Law and Editor. 

Died, at Vicksburg, Mississippi, April 22, 1871. 



462 



ROLL OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL. 



John Jennings Worsham, Treasurer-General, H.\ E.\ Born, 
March 7, 1S12, at Broad Rock, Chesterfield Co., Virginia. Ad- 
mitted in 1866. Elected Treas.'. General in May, 1870. Resident 
of Memphis, Tennessee, and Planter. 

Died, near Devall's Bluff, Arkansas, July 31, 1871. 



Charles Manning Furman, Ex- Soy.'. Grand Commander. 
Born, October 17, 1797, at Charleston, South Carolina. Admitted 
in 1845, and elected Lieut.'. Gr.'. Commander. Became Sov.'. 
Gr.'. Commander in 1859, by resignation of M.\ P.'. Bro.'. John 



H. Honour, and resigned in the same y 
ton, South Carolina, and Banker. 

Died, at Charleston, July 2, 1872 



ear. Resident of Charles- 





VACANCIES 


22. Virginia 


... 


23. North Carolina 


. 


24. South Carolina 


• 


25. Nebraska . 


. . 


26. Florida . 


• • 


27. Alabama 


• 


28. Mississippi 


. 


29. West Virginia 


. > 


30. Tennessee 


• • • 


31. Louisiana . 


. 


32. Minnesota 


. . 


33. Nevada 


. 



HONORARY MEMBERS, 

RESIDENT IN OTHER JURISDICTIONS, AND ELECTED AS SUCH. 

Francisco Javier Mariategui, 330, Founder and Ex.'. Sov.". 
Gr.'. Commander of the Supreme Council of Peru. Elected in 1866. 

Antonio de Souza Ferreira, 330, Sov.'. Gr.'. Commander of 
the Supreme Council of Peru. Elected in 1866. 

Josiah H. Drummond, 330, of Portland, Maine, Sov.'. Gr.\ 
Commander of the Supreme Council for the Northern Jurisdiction 
of the l T nited States. Elected in May, 1870. 



ROLL OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL. 463 

Charles John .Vigne, 330, Sov.'. Gr.\ Commander of the Su- 
preme Council of England and Wales and the Dependencies of 
Great Britain. Elected in May, 1870. 

Robert M. C. Graham. 330, of the City of New York, member 
of the Supreme Council for the Northern Jurisdiction of the United 
States, and Grand Representative near it. Elected in May, 1870. 

His Grace the Duke of Leinster, 33d, Grand Master of Ma- 
sons of Ireland, and Sov.'. Gr.\ Commander of the Supreme Coun- 
cil of the 33d degree for Ireland. Elected May 9, 1872. 

Captain Nathaniel George Phillips, 33d, Lieut.'. Gr.'. Com- 
mander of the Supreme Council of the 33d Degree, for England 
and Wales, and the Dependencies of the British Crown. Elected 
May 9, 1872. 

John Fitzhenry Townshend, LL.D., 33d, Member of and 
Gr.'. Repr.'. near the Supreme Council of Ireland. Elected May 
9, 1872. 

1 Albert Gallatin Goodall, 33d, Active Member of the Su- 
preme Council for the Northern Jurisdiction of the United States. 
Elected May 9, 1872. 

HONORARY SOVEREIGN GRAND INSPECTORS- 
GENERAL, 

HON.*. MEMBERS OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL. 

Alexander G. Abell, San Francisco, California. 
John Ainslie, Little Rock, Arkansas. 
Edward Barnett, New Orleans, Louisiana. 
Isaac Christman Bateman, Austin, Nevada. 
James Alexander Beattie, Louisville, Kentucky. 
George C. Betts, Omaha, Nebraska. 
J. Beugnot, Paris, France. 

Charles Carroll Bitting, Lynchburg, Virginia. 
Charles T. Bond, New Albany, Mississippi. 
Fordyce Foster Bowen, Memphis, Tennessee. 
Robert Farmer Bower, Keokuk, Iowa. 
Thomas F. Bragg, New Orleans, Louisiana. 
John C. Breckinridge, Lexington, Kentucky. 
John Henry Brown, Leavenworth, Kansas. 
George Thompson Brown, Washington, D. C. 



464 ROLL OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL. 

Joseph Thomas Brown, New York City. 

I. Somers Buist, Charleston, South Carolina. 

Thomas Whitby Chandler, Atlanta, Georgia. 

Gustave Collignon, New Orleans, Louisiana. 

John W Cook, Louisville, Kentucky. 

William Cothran, Carrollton, Mississippi. 

Emmett D. Craig, New Orleans, Louisiana. 

Harry Porter Deuel, Omaha, Nebraska. 

Leonidas Virginius Dixon, Memphis, Tennessee. 

Harmon Doane, New Orleans, Louisiana. 

Asher Robbins Eddy, U. S. A. 

Elbert H. English, Little Rock, Arkansas. 

Abraham Ephraim Frankland, Memphis, Tennessee. 

Benjamin H. Freeman, San Francisco, California. 

Ambrose Webster Freeman, St. Louis, Missouri. 

John Frizzell, Nashville, Tennessee. 

Robert W. Furnas, Omaha, Nebraska. 

Thomas Elwood Garrett, St. Louis, Missouri. 

Henry Warden Gray, Louisville, Kentucky. 

James Murray Griffiths, Des Moines, Iowa. 

Edward Augustus Guilbert, Dubuque, Iowa. 

James R. Hatcher, Minnesota. 

Francis A. Hayden, Chicago, Illinois. 

James A. Henry, Little Rock, Arkansas. 

J. Ignatius Hirschbuhl, Louisville, Kentucky. 

John Henry Howe, Little Rock, Arkansas. 

Christopher Ingle, Washington, D. C. 

Van De Vastine Jamison, Liberty, Missouri. 

William Francis Kidder, Davenport, Iowa. 

William Keane King, Paris, France. 

Frederick H. Knapp, New Orleans, Louisiana. 

Richard F. Knott, Mobile, Alabama. 

Louis Lay, l'Habana, Cuba. 

William Leffingwell, Muscatine, Iowa. 

Fermin Levasseur, New Orleans, Louisiana. 

William Napoleon Loker, St. Louis, Missouri. 

Angel Martin, New Orleans, Louisiana. 

John Burton Britton Maude, St. Louis, Missouri. 

John M. S. McCorkle, Louisville, Kentucky. 

Sterling Young McMasters, St. Paul, Minnesota. 

Charles Whipple Nash, " " 



ROLL OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL. 465 

Thomas Henry Nelson, Augusta, Georgia. 
Richard J. Nunn, Savannah, Georgia. 
William Lewis Page, Lynchburg, Virginia. 
William M. Perkins, New Orleans, Louisiana. 
Henri Peychaud, " " 

Ben. Perley Poore, Georgetown, D. C. 
George Welsley Race, New Orleans, Louisiana. 
Richard Ridgway Rees, Omaha, Nebraska. 
John B. Robertson, New Orleans, Louisiana. 
Ezekiel Salomon " " 

Joseph Santini, " " 

Adolf Schreiber, New York. 
Henry W. Schroder, Charleston, South Carolina. 
James Bruce Scot, New Orleans, Louisiana. 
James A. Scott, Richmond, Virginia. 
Taliaferro P. Shaffner, New York. 
John C. Smith, New Orleans, Louisiana. 
Henry Rufus Swasey, New Orleans, Louisiana. 
Henry M. Teller, Central City, Colorado. 
Alfred Texier, New Orleans, Louisiana. 
Isaac Sutvene Titus, Placerville, California. 
Samuel R. Walker, New Orleans, Louisiana. 
Samuel Ward, New York. 
William Alva Warner, Louisville, Kentucky. 
William Hutson Wygg, Columbia, South Carolina. 
John Zent, Memphis, Tennessee. 



honos maximus, eximl*: vie.tutis premium. 
Grand Cross of the Court of Honour : 

• ELECTED MAY g, 1^72, BY UNANIMOUS VOTE OF THE SUPREME 
COUNCIL, FOR DISTINGUISHED MERIT, AND EXTRA- 
ORDINARY SERVICES RENDERED THE ORDER. 

WILLIAM EDWARD LEFFINGWELL, 32° 

OF LYONS, IOWA. 

■ *-4 



HONOS VIRTUTIS PREMIUM. 



KNIGHTS COMMANDERS 



THE COURT OF HONOUR, 

SUBLIME PRINCES OF THE ROYAL SECRET, ELECTED IN MAY, 1872, BY 

UNANIMOUS VOTE OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL IN EACH CASE, AS 

HA VI NG DESERVED WELL OF THE ANCIENT AND A CCEPTED 

SCOTTISH RITE BY ZEAL, DEVOTION AND ACTIVE 

SERVICE. ELIGIBLE TO THE 33 d DEGREE. 

Frederic Speed, Mississippi. 
Nathaniel Levin, South Carolina. 
Wilmot G. Desaussure, " 
Henry P. Buckley, Louisiana. 
Charles G. Goodrich, Georgia. 
Robert M. Smith, " 

Robert Toombs, " 

Calvin Fay, " 

George Mellersh, Tennessee. 
Geo. Stodart Blackie, " 
Levi Sloss, Kentucky. 
William Clark, " 
Julius Dorn, " 
Henry F. Bocock, Virginia. 

William Edward Leffingwell, Iowa. 

(466) 



ROLL OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL. 4 6 7 

Giles W. Merrill, Minnesota. 
William T. Reynolds, California. 
George J. Hobe, " 

Washington Ayer, " 

John M. Browne, " 

William Morton Ireland, Dist. of Col. 
James R. Bayley, Oregon. 
Theodore F. Tracy, Utah. 
Pitkin C. Wright, Iowa. 
Charles W. Warner, Iowa. 
William T. Austin, Texas. 
Nahor B. Yard, " 

Horace H. Hubbard, California. 
Charles Marsh, " 



Hon.*. Sov.-. Gr.\ Inspectors-General, elected 

Knights Commanders in May, 1872, by unani- 
mous vote of the Supreme Council, as 
having rendered active. service to 
the Order. 

William Cothran, Mississippi. 

Ben Perley Poore, Dist. of Columbia. 

Richard F. Knott, Alabama. 

William M. Perkins, Louisiana. 

Edward Barnett, " 

Henry Rufus Swasey, " 

Joseph Santini, " 

James B. Scot, " 

Abraham Ephraim Frankland, Tennessee. 

John W. Cook, Kentucky. 

John M. S. McCorkle, Kentucky. 

Sterling Y. McMasters, Minnesota. 

Robert F. Bower, Iowa. 

Joseph M. Griffith, Iowa. 

John H. Brown, Kansas. 



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